1. In the table, available water has been showed in each quarter of root depth.

Maximum
allowable depletion is 50 percent and daily crop water requirement is 8 millimeters. Determine
critical quarter in commence of irrigation and irrigation interval.

Quarter of root Soil texture Available water Allowed water

depth depletion
1 CL 50 40
2 CL 50 30
3 SL 20 20
4 SiL 60 10

Solution
Readily available water = (Available water − Allowed water depletion) × Maximum allowable
Depletion
Quarter of root depth Allowed water depletion
1 5
2 10
3 6
4 24

Quarter 1 is critical quarter.

Irrigation interval=∑ (readily available moisture)/crop water requirement
= (5+10+60+24)/8
=5.625≈5 days
2. In a five hectares’ farm (sugar beet), leaching requirement is 25 percent and application
efficiency is 35 percent. According to the table, determine net irrigation requirement using
Blaney-Criddle method.
Month October November December January February March April May
ETo 175 120 60 55 80 125 170 250
Kc 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.03 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.77
Given: - A =5ha L = 0.25 x ET Ea = 0.35 d = 241 days n = 8

Solution

ET=∑(EToi*Kci), i=1 to i= 8

ETo 175 120 60 55 80 125 170 250

Kc 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.03 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.77
ETo*Kc 70 108 54 56.65 88 137.5 187 192.5

ET= 893.65

IR=(ET+L)/Ea,

L=0.25*893.65=223.4125

IR=(893.65+223.4125)/0.35=3191.607

The total irrigation requirement per day will be = 3191.607/241=13.24mm/day

3. In a five hectares’ farm (grains), volume of irrigation is 52000 cubic meters and
evapotranspiration is 1000 millimeters. Determine irrigation efficiency and deep percolation.
If irrigation efficiency is 80 percent, determine water requirement. Do not consider effective
rain and the leaching requirement is 40mm.
Solution
A = 5ha V = 52000 m3 ET = 1000 mm
I) Depth of irrigation water I =V/A= 52000/50000= 1.04 m=1040mm

I=ET/Ea.
1.04m= 1000/Ea

Ea=1000mm/1040m=0.961

Ea=96.2%

Depth of Water lost=irrigation water depth-ET=1040mm-1000mm=40mm (i.e deep percolation)

II)

I=(ET+L)/Ea

I=(1000+40)/0.8

=1300mm or 65000m3

4. The base period, duty of water and area under irrigation for various crops under a canal system
are given in the figure. If the losses in the reservoir and canals are respectively 15%, 25%,
determine the reservoir capacity.

Crop Wheat Sugar Cotton Rice V. table

cane
Base period (days) 120 320 180 120 120

Duty (ha/cumec) 1800 1600 1500 800 700

Area irrigated(ha) 15000 10000 5000 7500 500

Total volume of water =47,910 ha-m

Volume at head of canal= 47910 /0.75=63880 ha m
Volume of reservoir =63880 /0.85=75150 ha m

5. A channel is to be designed for irrigation 5000 hectares in Kharif crop and 4000 hectares in
Rabi crop. The water requirement for Kharif and Rabi are 60 cm and 25 cm, respectively. The
Kor period for Kharif is 3 weeks and for Rabi is 4 weeks. Determine the discharge of the
channel for which it is to be designed.

Solution
I) For the kharif season

Delta= 8.64*B/D=60cm=0.6
B= 3 weeks = 21 daysm
 Duty= (8.64*21days)/0.6m
D=302.4ha/m3

Area to be irrigated = 5000 ha

Required discharge of channel =5000 ha/ 302.4 ha/m3
=16.53m3/sec

II) for Rabi season

Δ = 25 cm
B= 4 weeks = 28 days
Then. Duty= (8.64* 28)/0.25 =967.684 ha

Area to be irrigated = 4000 ha

Required discharge of channel= 4000/ 967.68=4.13 m3 / s

So, the channel is to be designed for the maximum discharge of 16.53 m3/s, because this
discharge capacity of the channel will be able to supply water to both the seasons.

6. The command area of a channel is 4000 hectares. The intensity of irrigation of a crop is 70%.
The crop requires 60 cm of water in 15 days, when the effective rainfall is recorded as 15 cm
during that period. Find, (a) The duty at the head of field. (b) The duty at the head of channel.
(c) The head discharge at the head of channel.

Solution
Assume total losses as 15%.
Depth of water required=60 mm
Effective rainfall=15 cm
Depth of irrigation water=60-15=45 cm

Δ = 45 cm
B=15 days
Δ =(8.64*B)/Duty
D= (8.64*15days/0.45 )cumec
=288ha/cumec
 A) So, duty at the head of field=288 ha/cumec. Due to the losses of water the duty at the
head of the channel will be reduced.
Here, losses are 15%.
B) So, the duty at the head of channel = 288×0.85=244.8 ha/cumec (Duty will be reduced
due to loss).
Total area under crop=4000×0.7=2800 ha
C) The discharge at the head of channel=2800/244.8=11.438 cumec
7. A stream size of 150 lit /sec was released from the diversion headwork to irrigate a land of area
1.8 hectares. The stream size when measured at the delivery to the field channels is 120lit/sec.
The stream continued for some hours. The effective root zone depth is 1.80m. The application
losses in the field are estimated to be 440m3. The depth of water penetration was 1.80m and
1.20m at the head and tail of the run respectively. The available water holding capacity of the
soil is 21cm/m and irrigation was done at 60% depletion of AM. Find Ec, Ef, Ea, Es and Ed.
The stream size delivered to the plot was 100 lit/sec.

Solution

Wf 120lit / sec
Ec  x100  x100  80%
Wd 150lit / sec
Wp 100lit / sec
Ef  x100  x100  83.3%
Wf 120lit / sec
100x 60 x 60 x8
 2880m3
Water delivered to the plot = 1000

Water stored in the root zone =2880m3 – Application losses

= 2880m3 - 440m3 = 2440m3

Ws 2440m3
Ea  x100  x100  84.7%
Wp 2880m3
 Total A.M = 21cm/m x 1.80m = 37.80 cm

60
RAM = 100 x 37.80 cm  22.68 cm

3
22.68
In volume, RAM = x1.8 x104  4082.4m
100

Ws 2440m3
Es  x 100   59.8%  60%
Wn 4082.4m3

1.8  1.20
Average water penetration d   1.50m
2

Numerical deviation at upper end =1.80 –1.50=0.30m

At lower end = 1.50 – 1.20 =0.30m

2 x 0.30
Average numerical deviation = 0,30m
2

 D  0,30 
Ed 100 x 1    100x 1   80%
 d  1.50 
8. The gross command area of an irrigation project is 150000 hectares, where 7500
hectare is unculturable. The area of kharif crop is 60000 hectares and that of Rabi crop
is 40000 hectares. The duty of Kharif is 3000 ha/m3/s and the duty of Rabi is 4000 ha/
m3/s.
Find (a) The design discharge of channel assuming 10% transmission loss. (b) Intensity
of irrigation for Kharif and Rabi
solution
Culturable command area = 150000 – 7500 = 142500 ha
Discharge for Kharif crop,
Area of Kharif crop = 60000 ha
Duty of Kharif crop = 3000 ha/m3/s
Required discharge of channel (area/duty) 60000 ha /3000 ha/m3/s = 20 m3 / s
Considering 10% loss
Design discharge 20 *10/100=22 m3 / s
Discharge for Rabi crop,
Area of Rabi crop = 40000 ha
Duty of Kharif crop = 4000 ha/m3/s
Required discharge of channel 10 m 40000 ha /4000 ha/m3/s =10
Considering 10% loss
Design discharge 10 *10/100=11 m3 / s
(a) So, the design discharge of the channel should be 22 m3/s, as it is maximum.
(b)- Intensity of irrigation for Kharif
60000/142500=42.11%
-Intensity of irrigation for Rabi
40000/142500=38.07%