beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  1

cÖ_g Aa¨vq
ev¯Íe msL¨v
cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`

 (Natural Number) : 1, 2, 3, 4,  BZ¨vw` msL¨v¸‡jv‡K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v ev abvZ¥K ALÊ msL¨v e‡j| 2, 3, 5, 7,  BZ¨vw`
†gŠwjK msL¨v Ges 4, 6, 8, 9,  BZ¨vw` †hŠwMK msL¨v|
 (Integer) : k~b¨mn mKj abvZ¥K I FYvZ¥K ALÊ msL¨vmg~n‡K c~Y©msL¨v ejv nq|
A_©vr  3,  2,  1, 0, 1, 2, 3, BZ¨vw` c~Y©msL¨v|
p 1 3 5
 (Fractional Number) : p, q ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK, q  0 Ges q  1 n‡j, q AvKv‡ii msL¨v‡K fMœvsk msL¨v e‡j| †hgb : 2, 2, 3
BZ¨vw` fMœvsk msL¨v|
 p  q n‡j fMœvsk‡K cÖK…Z fMœvsk Ges p  q n‡j fMœvsk‡K AcÖK…Z fMœvsk ejv nq|
1 1 2 1 3 4 5 5
†hgb : 2, 3, 3, 4,  BZ¨vw` cÖK…Z fMœvsk Ges 2, 3, 3, 4, BZ¨vw` AcÖK…Z fMœvsk|
p
 (Rational Number) : p I q c~Y©msL¨v Ges q  0 n‡j, q AvKv‡ii msL¨v‡K g~j` msL¨v ejv nq|
3 11 5
†hgb : 1 = 3, 2 = 55, 3 = 1666 BZ¨vw` g~j` msL¨v|
p
 (Irrational Number) : †h msL¨v‡K q AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv, †hLv‡b p, q c~Y©msL¨v Ges q  0, †m msL¨v‡K Ag~j` msL¨v ejv nq|
c~Y©eM© bq Giƒc †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM©g~j GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v|
5
†hgb : 2 = 1414213 , 3 = 1732, 2 = 158113  BZ¨vw` Ag~j` msL¨v| Ag~j` msL¨v‡K `yBwU c~Y©msL¨vi AbycvZ wnmv‡e cÖKvk Kiv
hvq bv|
 g~j` msL¨v I Ag~j` msL¨v‡K `kwg‡K cÖKvk Kiv n‡j G‡K `kwgK fMœvsk ejv nq|
5 10
†hgb : 3 = 30, 2 = 25, 3 = 33333 , 3 = 1732  BZ¨vw` `kwgK fMœvsk msL¨v|
 (Real Number) : mKj g~j` msL¨v Ges Ag~j` msL¨v‡K ev¯Íe msL¨v ejv nq|
 (Positive Number) : k~b¨ A‡cÿv eo mKj ev¯Íe msL¨v‡K abvZ¥K msL¨v ejv nq|
1 3 ..
†hgb : 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0415, 062, 4120345061,  BZ¨vw` abvZ¥K msL¨v|
 (Negative Number) : k~b¨ A‡cÿv †QvU mKj ev¯Íe msL¨v‡K FYvZ¥K msL¨v ejv nq|
1 3 ..
†hgb : 1,  2,  2,  2,  2,  0415,  062,  4120345061 BZ¨vw` FYvZ¥K msL¨v|
 (Non-negative Number) : k~b¨mn mKj abvZ¥K msL¨v‡K AFYvZ¥K msL¨v ejv nq|
1 .
†hgb : 0, 3, 2, 0612, 13, 2120345 BZ¨vw` AFYvZ¥K msL¨v|

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

5 7 10 p
Zvn‡j awi, 5 = q; †hLv‡b p I q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v, q  0 Ges p, q
(K) GLv‡b, 22 = 4; 32 = 9 Ges ( 5)2 = 5
mn‡gŠwjK, q  1
myZivs 5, 2 A‡cÿv eo wKš‘ 3 A‡cÿv †QvU msL¨v| p2
ev, 5 = q2 ; eM© K‡i
AZGe, 5 c~Y©msL¨v bq| A_©vr 5 g~j` ev Ag~j` msL¨v|
g‡b Kwi, 5 g~j` msL¨v|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  2
2
p p
ev, 5q = q ; Dfq cÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y K‡i|  10 Gi gvb q AvKv‡ii †Kv‡bv msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i bv,
p2 p
GLv‡b, 5q ¯úóZ c~Y©msL¨v wKš‘ q c~Y©msL¨v bq| KviY p I q A_©vr 10  q
¯^vfvweK msL¨v I Giv ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK Ges q  1 AZGe, 10 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
p2 p2
myZivs, 5q Ges q mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv, A_©vr 5q  q 031 012

p g‡b Kwi, GKwU msL¨v, a = 030300300030

 5 Gi gvb q AvKv‡ii †Kv‡bv msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i bv,
Ges Aci msL¨v, b = 02020020002
p
A_©vr, 5  q ¯úóZ : a I b DfqB `yBwU ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges DfqB 031
A‡cÿv †QvU Ges 012 A‡cÿv eo
AZGe, 5 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v|
A_©vr, 031  03030030003  012
(L) GLv‡b, 4  7  9 Ges 031  02020020002  012
ev, 4  7  9 Avevi, a I b †K fMœvsk AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv|
ev, 2  7  3  a I b `yBwU wb‡Y©q Ag~j` msL¨v, hv 031 Ges 012 Gi gv‡S
 7, 2 A‡cÿv eo wKš‘ 3 A‡cÿv †QvU msL¨v Aew¯’Z|
AZGe, 7 c~Y©msL¨v bq, A_©vr 7 g~j` ev Ag~j` msL¨v wb‡Y©q msL¨v, 03030030003
g‡b Kwi, 7 g~j` msL¨v| Ges 02020020002
p
Zvn‡j awi, 7 = q; †hLv‡b p, q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v q  0 Ges p,q
Error! Error!
mn‡gŠwjK, q  1
p2
ev, 7 = q2; Dfq cÿ‡K eM© K‡i
K¨vjKz‡jUi e¨envi K‡i cvB,
p2
ev, 7q = ; Dfq
q
cÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y K‡i| Error! = 07071 Ges Error! = 14142
7
p2
GLv‡b, 7q ¯úóZ c~Y© msL¨v wKš‘ q c~Y© msL¨v bq, KviY p I q g‡b Kwi, GKwU msL¨v a = 5 = 14

¯^vfvweK msL¨v I Giv ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK Ges q  1 Ges Aci msL¨v b = 1404004000400004
p2 p2 ¯úóZ : a I b DfqB ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges DfqB Error! A‡cÿv eo
 7q Ges mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv, A_©vr 7q  q
q Ges 2 A‡cÿv †QvU|
p
 7 Gi gvb q
AvKv‡i †Kv‡bv msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i bv| A_©vr, 07071  14   14142
p Ges 07071  1404004000400004  14142
A_©vr, 7  q
Avevi, a †K fMœvsk AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq I b †K fMœvsk AvKv‡i
AZGe, 7 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv|
GLv‡b, 9  10  16 GLb, 07071 I 14142 Gi gv‡S a I b Aew¯’Z Ges a g~j` msL¨v
I b Ag~j` msL¨v|
ev, 9  10  16
kZ©g‡Z, a g~j` msL¨v I b Ag~j` msL¨v hv 07071 Ges 14142 Gi
ev, 3  10  4
gv‡S Aew¯’Z|
 10, 3 A‡cÿv eo wKš‘ 4 A‡cÿv †QvU msL¨v|
7
AZGe, 10 c~Y© msL¨v bq, A_©vr 10 g~j` ev Ag~j` msL¨v wb‡Y©q g~j` msL¨v, 5 ev, 14
g‡b Kwi, 10 g~j` msL¨v| Ges Ag~j` msL¨v 1404004000400004 
p
Zvn‡j awi, 10 = q; †hLv‡b p, q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v, q  0 Ges p, q
mn‡gŠwjK, q  1
p2
ev, 10 = q2; Dfq cÿ‡K eM© K‡i
g‡b Kwi, n GKwU we‡Rvo msL¨v
p2
ev, 10q = ; Dfqcÿ‡K q Øviv
q
¸Y K‡i|  n = 2x  1; †hLv‡b x GKwU c~Y© msL¨v
 n2 = (2x 1) ; Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i
2
p2
GLv‡b, 10q úóZ c~Y© msL¨v wKš‘ q c~Y© msL¨v bq, KviY p I q
2 2
= (2x)  22x1 + (1)
¯^vfvweK msL¨v I Giv ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK Ges q  1
= 4x2  4x + 1 = 4x(x 1) + 1
p2 p2
 10q Ges q mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv| A_©vr 10q  q GLv‡b, 4x(x 1) msL¨vwU 2 Øviv wefvR¨| A_©vr †Rvo msL¨v|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  3
 4x(x 1) + 1 msL¨vwU we‡Rvo msL¨v| 3
2
9
AZGe, n2 we‡Rvo msL¨v|
myZivs mKj we‡Rvo c~Y© msL¨vi eM© GKwU we‡Rvo msL¨v
2 29
3 = = 9) 29 (32222
8 9 9
27
g‡b Kwi, `yBwU µwgK †Rvo msL¨v h_vµ‡g 2x I 2x + 2 20
µwgK msL¨v `yBwUi ¸Ydj, 2x  (2x + 2); †hLv‡b x †h‡Kv‡bv 18
20
¯^vfvweK msL¨v|
18
 2x (2x + 2) = 2x (2x + 2) = 4x2 + 4x = 4x (x + 1) 20
GLv‡b, x I x + 1 `yBwU µwgK msL¨v| myZivs G‡`i GKwU †Rvo 18
msL¨v n‡eB| 20
18
 x(x + 1) msL¨vwU 2 Øviv wefvR¨ n‡e|
2
 4x(x +1) msL¨vwU 4  2 ev 8 Øviv wefvR¨ n‡e| wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 32222 = 32̇
AZGe, `yBwU µwgK †Rvo msL¨vi ¸Ydj 8 Øviv wefvR¨ n‡e| 8
3
myZivs x Gi ¯^vfvweK gvb wbwe©‡k‡l 8 Øviv 4x(x +1) msL¨vwU wefvR¨ 15

n‡e| 8 3  15 + 8 45 + 8 53
3 = = =
15 15 15 15
53
= 15 ) 53 (353333
1 15
6 45
80
75
1
6 = 6) 10 (016666 50
6 45
40 50
36 45
40 50
36 45
40 50
36 45
40 5
36 wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 353333 = 353̇
4
jÿ Kwi, fMœvs‡ki je‡K ni w`‡q fvM K‡i `kwgK fMœvs‡k cwiYZ Kivi mgq
02̇
fv‡Mi cÖwµqv †kl nq bvB| †`Lv hvq †h, fvMd‡j GKB msL¨v 6 evi evi Av‡m|
02̇ = 2222 
GLv‡b 016666 GKwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk|
02̇  10 = 0222   10 = 2222
wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk = 016666  = 016̇
Ges 02̇  1 = 0222  1 = 0222
7
11 (we‡qvM K‡i) 02̇  10  02̇  1 = 2
ev, 02̇ (10 1) = 2
7
= 11) 70 (0636363 ev, 02̇  9 = 2
11
2
66 AZGe, 02̇ = 9
40
2
33 wb‡Y©q fMœvsk 9
70
66 03̇5̇
40 03̇5̇ = 0353535 
33
03̇5̇  100 = 0353535 100 = 35353535
70
66
Ges 03̇5̇  1 = 0353535  1 = 0353535
4 (we‡qvM K‡i) 03̇5̇  (100  1) = 35
wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 0636363 = 0 6̇3̇ ev, 03̇5̇  99 = 35
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  4
 03̇5̇ = 99
35 m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ‡Z¨KwU `kwg‡Ki Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼
msL¨v 1 n‡e|
35
wb‡Y©q fMœvsk 99 myZivs 726̇ = 7266̇,
0 13̇ 4237̇ = 4237̇

013̇ = 013333  wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvskmg~n : 7266̇,4237̇

013̇  100 = 013333  100 = 13333 57̇, 8 3̇4̇ 62̇45̇

Ges 013̇  10 = 01333  10 = 1333 I 62̇45̇ Ave„Ë `kwg‡K Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v
57̇, 83̇4̇

(we‡qvM K‡i) 013̇  (100 10) =13 1 h_vµ‡g, 0, 0 I 0| GLv‡b Abve„Ë A¼ msL¨v 0| ZvB m`„k Ave„Ë
12 2 `kwgK Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ‡Z¨KwU `kwg‡Ki Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 0
ev, 013̇  90 = 12 ev, 013̇ = 90 = 15
n‡e| 57̇, 8 3̇4̇ I 6 2̇45̇ Ave„Ë `kwg‡K Ave„Ë As‡ki msL¨v
2
wb‡Y©q fMœvsk 15 h_vµ‡g 1, 2 I 3| 1, 2 I 3 Gi jmv¸ n‡jv 6| ZvB m`„k Ave„Ë
378̇ `kwgK Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ‡Z¨KwU `kwg‡Ki Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 6
378̇ = 378888 n‡e|
378̇ 100 = 378888 100 = 3788888 myZivs 57̇ = 57̇77777̇,
Ges 378̇ 10 = 378888 10 = 378888 83̇4̇ = 8 3̇43434̇ I 6 2̇45̇ = 6 2̇45245̇

(we‡qvM K‡i) 378̇  (100  10) = 378  37 wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvskmg~n : 57̇77777̇, 83̇43434̇ I 62̇45245̇
341 71 1232, 219̇, 4325̇6̇
ev, 378̇  90 = 341 ev, 378̇ = 90 = 3 90
1232 G Abve„Ë Ask ej‡Z `kwgK we›`yi c‡i 2wU A¼ GLv‡b
71
wb‡Y©q fMœvsk 3 90  
Ave„Ë Ask †bB| 219 G Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 1, 43256 G
623̇09̇ Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 2| GLv‡b
623̇09̇ = 62309309309 Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v me‡P‡q †ewk n‡jv 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki
 A¼ msL¨v 1 I 2 Gi j mv ¸ 2| cÖ‡Z¨KwU `kwg‡Ki Abve„Ë
623̇09  10000 = 62309309309  10000 = 62309309309
Ges 623̇09̇10 = 62309309309  10 = 62309309309 As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2|
(we‡qvM K‡i) 623̇09̇  (10000  10) = 62309  62  1232 = 12320̇0̇
ev, 623̇09̇  9990 = 62247 219̇ = 2199̇9̇
62247 20749 769 I 4325̇6̇ = 4325̇6̇
ev, 623̇09̇ = 9990 = 3330 = 6 3330
wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvskmg~n : 12320̇0̇, 2199̇9̇ I 4325̇6̇
769
wb‡Y©q fMœvsk 6 3330
045̇ + 0134̇

23̇, 523̇5̇ GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼
23̇, 523̇5̇ Ave„Ë
`kwg‡K Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v h_vµ‡g 0, msL¨v n‡e 1|
1 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 1 I 2| m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK Ki‡Z  045̇ = 0455̇ 5
0134̇ = 0134̇ 4
n‡j cÖ‡Z¨KwU `kwg‡Ki Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 1 n‡e Ave„Ë
0589̇ 9
As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e h_vµ‡g 1 I 2 Gi j mv ¸ 2| A_©vr m`„k
 045̇ + 0134̇ = 0589̇
Ave„Ë `kwgK msL¨vi `kwg‡Ki c‡i †gvU msL¨v (1 + 2) = 3wU|
wb‡Y©q †hvMdj 0589̇
myZivs 2 3̇ = 233̇3̇
205̇ + 804̇ + 7018
523̇5̇ = 523̇5̇
GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 3 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼
wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvskmg~n : 233̇3̇ , 523̇5̇
n‡e 1 I 1 Gi jmv¸ 1|
726̇, 4237̇
cÖ_‡g wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK‡K m`„k Kiv n‡q‡Q|
726̇ I 4237̇ Ave„Ë `kwg‡K Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v h_vµ‡g
205̇ = 20555̇ 5
1I2 | GLv‡b Abve„Ë A¼ msL¨v 4237̇ `kwg‡K †ewk Ges G msL¨v 804̇ = 80444̇ 4
n‡jv 2| ZvB m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ‡Z¨KwU `kwg‡Ki 7018 = 70180̇ 0
Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 2 n‡e| 726̇ I 4237̇ Ave„Ë `kwg‡K 171179̇ 9
Ave„Ë As‡ki msL¨v h_vµ‡g 1 I 1| 1 I 1Gi j mv ¸ n‡jv 1| ZvB  205̇ + 804̇ + 7018 = 171179̇
wb‡Y©q †hvMdj 171179̇
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  5
0006̇ + 09̇2̇ + 001̇34̇
GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ n‡e 03̇  06̇
1, 2 I 3Gi jmv¸ 6| cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi Kwi|
cÖ_‡g wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK‡K m`„k Kiv n‡q‡Q| 03̇ =
3 1
=
9 3
0006̇ = 0006̇66666̇ 66
6 2
09̇2̇ = 0929̇29292̇ 92 06̇ = =
9 3
001̇34̇ = 0013̇41341̇ 34 1 2 2
 03̇  06̇ =  = = 02̇
= 0949̇37300̇ 92 3 3 9

 0006̇ + 09̇2̇ + 01̇34̇ = 0949̇37300̇ wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj 02̇

wb‡Y©q †hvMdj 0949̇37300̇ 24̇  08̇1̇
cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi Kwi|
24  2 22
34̇  213̇ 24̇ =
9
=
9
GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 1 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ 81  0 81 9
08̇1̇ = = =
99 99 11
msL¨v n‡e 1| GLb `kwgK msL¨v `yBwU‡K m`„k K‡i we‡qvM Kiv
2 1
n‡jv|  24̇  08̇1̇ =
22

9
=2
9 11
34̇ = 344̇ 44 1 1
213̇ = 213̇ 33 wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj 2
131̇ 11 062̇  03̇
 34̇  213̇ = 131̇ cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi Kwi|
wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj 131̇ 62  6 56 28
062̇ = = =
51̇2̇  345̇ 90 90 45
3 1
GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 1 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ 03̇ = =
9 3
msL¨v n‡e 2 I 1 Gi jmv¸ 2| GLb `kwgK msL¨v `yBwU‡K m`„k 28 1 28
 062̇  03̇ =  =
K‡i we‡qvM Kiv n‡jv| 45 3 135
= 0207407407= 020̇74̇
51̇2̇ = 512̇1̇ 21
345̇ = 345̇5̇ 55
wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj 020̇74̇
= 166̇5̇ 66 421̇8̇  028̇
 51̇2̇  345̇ = 166̇5̇ cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi Kwi|
wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj 166̇5̇ 4218  42 4176
421̇8̇ = =
99 99
849  535̇6̇
28  2 26
GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ 028̇ =
90
=
90
msL¨v n‡e 2| GLb `kwgK msL¨v `yBwU‡K m`„k K‡i we‡qvM Kiv 4176
232
26
 421̇8̇  028̇ = 
n‡jv| 99 90
5
849 = 8490̇0̇ 00 6032
= = 1218585858= 1218̇5̇
535̇6̇ = 5356̇5̇ 65 495
= 3133̇4̇ 35 wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj 1218̇5̇
 849  535̇6̇ = 3133̇4̇
wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj 3133̇4̇ 03̇  06̇
19345̇  1323̇49̇ cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi Kwi|
GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ 3 1
03̇ = =
9 3
msL¨v n‡e 1 I 3 Gi jmv¸ 3| GLb Ave„Ë `kwgK msL¨v `yBwU‡K
6 2
m`„k K‡i we‡qvM Kiv n‡jv| 06̇ = =
9 3
19345̇ = 19345̇55̇ 55 1 2 1 3 1
 03̇  06̇ =  =  = = 05
3 3 3 2 2
1323̇49̇ = 13234̇93̇ 49
wb‡Y©q fvMdj 05
= 6110̇62̇ 06
 19345̇  1323̇49̇ = 6110̇62̇ 035̇  17̇

wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj 6110̇62̇ cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi Kwi|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  6
35  3 32 16 25
035̇ = = =
90 90 45 1002 2525
17  1 16 2004
17̇ = =
9 9 521
1 1
 035̇  17̇ =
16 16 16
 = 
9 1
= = 02 wb‡Y©q eM©g~j 0502 (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ)
45 9 45 16 5
5 1 Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb 050
wb‡Y©q fvMdj 02 134̇
237̇  045̇ 134̇ Gi eM©g~j = Error!
cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi Kwi| Avgiv Rvwb, 134̇ = 134444
237  23 214
237̇ = = GLb, 1 134444 1159
90 90
1
45  4 41
045̇ = = 21 34
90 90
21
1
214 41 214 90 225 1344
 237̇  045̇ =  = 
90 90 90 41 1125
1
214 2309 21944
= = 52195121951
41 20781
= 52̇1951̇ 1163
wb‡Y©q fvMdj 52̇1951̇ wb‡Y©q eM©g~j 1159 (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ)
11̇85̇  02̇4̇ Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb 116
cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi Kwi| 513̇02̇

1185  1 1184 513̇02̇ Gi eM©g~j = Error!

11̇85̇ = =
999 999 Avgiv Rvwb, 513̇02̇ = 51302302302
24
02̇4̇ = 2 51302302302 2265
99
4
1184 24
 11̇85̇  02̇4̇ =  42 113
999 99
148 11 84
1184 99
=  446 2902
999 24
111 3 2676
1628 4525 22630
= = 4888= 48̇
333 22625
wb‡Y©q fvMdj 48̇ 5
wb‡Y©q eM©g~j 2265 (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ)
Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb 227
12
12 Gi eM©g~j = 12 04̇
GLb, 3 12000000 3464
04̇ =
4
9
9
64 300  04̇ msL¨vwU g~j`
256 9
686 4400
9= 32 = 3
4116
6924 28400  9 msL¨vwU g~j`
27696 11
704
11
wb‡Y©q eM©g~j 3464 (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ)
 11 msL¨vwU Ag~j`
Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb 346
6
02̇5̇ 3
02̇5̇ Gi eM©g~j = Error! 6 3 2 2
= =
Avgiv Rvwb, 02̇5̇ = 0252525 3 3 3 3

GLb, 5 0252525 0502

 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  7

627  3 836209  1 13 19248  1

6 16
 msL¨vwU Ag~j`
      
3
=  
8 200 82 100  40 41 931  2
7  1 81 1
8
=
2 4
=
22 2 2
=
= [627 627
200 200] 40
 

 16
5

21 

7 7 7 7
627 200  11 1
8 =  

7
msL¨vwU Ag~j` 2001 6271 5
1 5
27 = 1  = 1  = 5 (Ans.)
5 1
48
5 4
27 3 9 9 3
48
=
3  16
= =
16 4

27  5 4
 msL¨vwU g~j`
48  5
2
3
3  5 Ag~j` msL¨v| KviY, 5 c~Y© eM©msL¨v bq|
7 4
2 4 g~j` msL¨v| KviY 4 = 1 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq Ges GwU c~Y©
3 2 3 2 7 14
=  =  = eM©msL¨v|
3 3 7 3 3 9
7  GLv‡b, 5 = 22360679
2 g‡b Kwi, a = 3020022000222
3

3
msL¨vwU g~j` Ges b = 3505500555
7 ¯úóZ: a I b DfqB ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges DfqB 5 A‡cÿv eo
56̇39̇ Ges 4 A‡cÿv †QvU|
5639  5 5634 A_©vr, 5  3020022000222  4
56̇39̇ = =
999 999
Ges 5  3505500555  4
 56̇39̇ msL¨vwU g~j`
Avevi, a I b †K fMœvsk AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv|
 a I b `yBwU wb‡Y©q Ag~j` msL¨v|
(03̇  083̇)  (05  01̇) + 035̇  008̇
M. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, 5 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v|
(03̇  0 83̇)  (05  01̇) + 035̇  008̇
22 = 4; 32 = 9 Ges ( 5)2 = 5
3 83  8
= 
9 90   (105  19) + 3590 3  890 0 myZivs 5, 2 A‡cÿv eo wKš‘ 3 A‡cÿv †QvU msL¨v|
 31 75  5 32 8
25 AZGe, 5 c~Y©msL¨v bq|
=    90 + 90  90
9 90 g‡b Kwi, 5 g~j` msL¨v|
 3
1  p
25 5 32 8 Zvn‡j awi, 5 = q; †hLv‡b p I q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v, q  0 Ges p, q
=  + 
90 90 90 90
5 1 4 1
mn‡gŠwjK, q  1
25 90 32 90 p2
=  +  = 5 + 4 = 9 (Ans.) ev, 5 = q2 ; eM© K‡i
90 5 90 8
1 1 1 1
[(627  05)  {(05  075)  836}] p2
ev, 5q = q ; Dfq cÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y K‡i
 {(025  01)  (075  213̇)  05} p2
[(627  05)  {(05  075)  836}] GLv‡b 5q ¯úóZ c~Y©msL¨v wKš‘ q c~Y©msL¨v bq| KviY p I q
 {(025  01)  (075  213̇)  05} ¯^vfvweK msL¨v I Giv ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK Ges q  1
 1
5   5
1
  836
3 p2
myZivs 5q Ges q mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv, A_©vr 5q  q
p2
= 
10  10
627 75
    100
 100
20   2 100
4  p
 251 1   753 213  21 51   5 Gi gvb q AvKv‡ii †Kv‡bv msL¨v n‡Z cv‡ibv,
       10 
 4  1004  2
100 10 9 p
A_©vr, 5  q
AZGe, 5 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  8
¸iæZ¡c~Y© enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

28 31 14 1
K L  N
99 100 45 3
16 3 64 3
K4 L M 
9 8 2
K  2,  1, 0   1, 0, 1 M 0, 1, 2 N  1, 1, 2
0.8̇4̇
K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v L †gŠwjK msL¨v
76 21 28 14
M c~Y©msL¨v  ev¯Íe msL¨v K L  N
99 85 33 15
0.4̇5̇ .0144
4 9 5 9 K 0.012  0.120 M 1.200 N 12.000
K L  N
5 20 11 11
0.13̇ K 2 L 3  4 N 5
13 4 13 2
K L M 
90 33 99 15
27 9 4
K L  N2
38 48 3
6 8 28
K 11 L M  p, q, r p<q
3 7 48
i. hLb r > 0
pr < qr, ii. pr > qr, hLb r < 0
5.78̇
iii. pr > qr, hLb r  0
78 78 71 71
K5 L5 5 N5
90 9 90 9
0.51̇ i I ii Li I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
23 51 1 33
 L M N
45 100 2 99
i. 0.8̇1̇ GKwU `kwgK fMœvsk
A = {x : x  N 2 < x  6}
ii. 9 GKwU g~j` msL¨v
iii. 11 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
K A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}  A = {3, 4, 5, 6}
M A = {2, 3, 4, 5 N A = {3, 4, 5}
2.05̇. Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
205 203 37 41
K L  N
100 90 18 20 i. c~Y©eM© bq Giƒc †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM©g~j GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
ii. k~b¨mn mKj abvZ¥K msL¨v AFYvZ¥K msL¨v
K 13 L 14 M 15  16 iii. k~b¨ GKwU ¯^vfvweK msL¨v
0.61̇
20 11 61 2
K  M N i I ii Li I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
33 18 100 3

3 3 5 i. GKwU †gŠwjK msL¨v

49
K 64 L 9 M 
4 2 ii. 0.03 GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk
2.02̇ iii. 2 + 2 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
182 200 182 200
K L  N
9 9 90 90
Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
(x) = x5 + 5x  3 (1)
x, y, z x<y
K 9 L 7 3 N7
i. xz < yz hLb, z > 0 ii. xz > yz hLb, z < 0
iii. x(y + z) = xy + xz
3 5 7 9
K L M 
3 5 3 4
Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
0.31̇
 3 5 (mnR)
mvaviY Av‡jvPbv
K1 L2 3 N4
(mnR)  3, 3, 9, -9, 6,-6 (mnR)
 fviZe‡l©i MwYZwe`MY L wgk‡ii MwYZwe`MY K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v  c~Y©msL¨v
M wMÖ‡mi MwYZwe`MY N Rvg©vb MwYZwe`MY M Ag~j` msL¨v N g~j` msL¨v
(mnR) b
b c c, b
c
 Ebwesk L wesk M ·qv`k N Aóv`k
(mnR)

¯^vfvweK msL¨v  c~Y©msL¨v L Ag~j` msL¨v

M Ave„Ë `kwgK N Abve„Ë `kwgK
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi b cx
c, b Gi ¸YbxqK n‡j = = x n‡e| †hLv‡b x GKK c~Y©msL¨v|
c c
(mnR)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K 1, 0, 1, 2  1, 2, 3, 4 M 0, 1, 2, 3 N 2, 3, 4, 5
(mnR)
K 1 L0 1 N2 i.  BZ¨vw` c~Y© msL¨v
2, 1, 0, 1, 2,
(mnR) ii. mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨vB c~Y© msL¨v
K 1, 2, 3 L 2, 3, 4  3, 5, 7 N 3, 4, 5 iii. 5, 4, 3 BZ¨vw` FYvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v
2, 4, 6, 8,  (mnR) (mnR)
 †Rvo ¯^vfvweK L we‡Rvo ¯^vfvweK Ki L iii i I ii Ni I iii
M Ag~j` N µwgK ¯^vfvweK

2, 3, 5, 7 (mnR)
i. eM© c~Y© msL¨v ii. eM©g~j Aek¨B c~Y© msL¨v
 †gŠwjK L †hŠwMK M Ag~j` N µwgK iii. D`vniY 2, 1, 0, 1, 2|
(mnR)
(mnR)
K9 L 11 M 29  39
Ki I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
fMœvsk msL¨v
1, 2, 3, 4 
i. ¯^vfvweK msL¨v ii. abvZ¥K ALÊ msL¨v mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
iii. †hŠwMK msL¨v p
p, q
(mnR) q
i I ii Li I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii (mnR)
K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v L †gŠwjK msL¨v
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
M †hŠwMK msL¨v  fMœvsk msL¨v
 3 6 7
, , (mnR)
5 2 5 4
9, 12, 13, 3, 11, , 29, 30
6
KZK¸‡jv msL¨v|
 fMœvsk msL¨v L ¯^vfvweK msL¨v
(mnR) M †gŠwjK msL¨v N Ag~j` msL¨v
K 9, 12, 3  9, 12, 30 M 11, 3, 9 N 29, 3, 11 p
p = 3, q = 5 (mnR)
(mnR) q
K 9, 12, 13, 11  3, 11, 29  cÖK…Z fMœvsk L AcÖK…Z msL¨v
5 5 M c~Y© msL¨v N ¯^vfvweK msL¨v
M , 29, 30 N 3, , 13
6 6
3 5 7
, , (mnR)
2 3 4
c~Y© msL¨v K cÖK…Z fMœvsk  AcÖK…Z fMœvsk
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi M FYvZ¥K fMœvsk N wgkª fMœvsk

3 7 12
, (mnR)
(mnR) 5 12 23
K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v  c~Y©msL¨v  cÖK…Z fMœvsk L AcÖK…Z fMœvsk
M ev¯Íe msL¨v N †gŠwjK msL¨v M wgkª fMœvsk N FYvZ¥K
 (mnR) (mnR)
2 5 5 6 3
K3  M N  4 L 5 M N 2314201
3 7 7 2
p
p, q ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK q  0 Ges q  1 n‡j,
q
AvKv‡ii msL¨v‡K fMœvsk (mnR)
5 5 3
e‡j| p  q n‡j fMœvsk‡K AcÖK…Z fMœvsk e‡j| GLv‡b, 3 fMœvskwU‡Z 5  K 7 L  12 N
2 2
3; hv GKwU AcÖK…Z fMœvsk| (mnR)
(mnR)
3 3 3
4 8 7 13 K 27  27 M 7 N 5
K3 L  N
3 9 8 625 (ga¨g)

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  g~j` msL¨v L Ag~j` msL¨v

M FYvZ¥K msL¨v N `kwgK fMœvsk
22
, 9, 25 (mnR)
p 7
i.
q
AvKv‡ii msL¨v‡K fMœvsk msL¨v e‡j †hLv‡b, p, q ci¯úi
K c~Y©  g~j` M ¯^vfvweK N Ag~j`
mn‡gŠwjK (KwVb)
3 5 5
ii. , ,  BZ¨vw` AcÖK…Z fMœvsk 3 4 4
2 3 4 K L  N5
9 3 9
1 2 1
iii. 2, 3, 4 BZ¨vw` cÖK…Z fMœvsk 49
(ga¨g)
(mnR) 81

Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii  g~j` msL¨v L Ag~j` msL¨v

M ¯^vfvweK msL¨v N AcÖK…Z fMœvsk
i. `ywU c~Y© msL¨vi AbycvZ e‡j cÖ`Ë Dw³wU mwVK
ii. cÖ‡Z¨KwU fMœvs‡ki je eo ni †QvU| myZivs cÖ`Ë Dw³wU mwVK
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
iii. cÖ‡Z¨KwU fMœvs‡ki je †QvU ni eo| myZivs cÖ`Ë Dw³wU mwVK

Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

i. g~j` msL¨v‡K `yBwU c~Y©msL¨vi Abycv‡Z cÖKvk Kiv hvq
 ii. mKj c~Y©msL¨v n‡e g~j` msL¨v
1 2 2 4 iii. mKj fMœvsk msL¨v n‡e g~j` msL¨v
, , ,
2 3 4 6
(mnR)
(ga¨g)
Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K cÖK…Z fMœvsk  AcÖK…Z fMœvsk
M wgkª fMœvsk N c~Y© msL¨v

(mnR) i. 9 ii. 3

1 4 1 2 1 4 2 4 iii. 1666 

K , L , M ,  ,
2 6 2 3 2 6 3 6 (mnR)
(mnR) Ki I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
1 2 4 6
K L M 
2 4 6 4
i. cÖ‡Z¨K c~Y© msL¨vB g~j` msL¨v
g~j` msL¨v ii. a I b `yBwU g~j` msL¨v n‡j a + b, a  b Ges ab g~j` msL¨v
a
iii. g~j` msL¨v, hLb b  0 Ges a, b c~Y© msL¨v
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi b

p (mnR)
p q q0
q Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
(mnR)
 g~j` msL¨v L c~Y© msL¨v M¯^vfvweK msL¨v N Ag~j` msL¨v Ag~j` msL¨v
†h msL¨v‡K `yBwU c~Y©msL¨vi AbycvZ wnmv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq Zv‡K g~j`
msL¨v e‡j| mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
a = b, a (mnR)
K a  ab Ma b N b (mnR)
(mnR)
K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v L g~j`msL¨v
3 7 9 11  Ag~j` msL¨v N c~Y© msL¨v
K L  N
2 3 4 5
3, 5 7 (mnR) Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K ¯^vfvweK L c~Y© M g~j`  Ag~j`
 
(mnR)
p
 1581113 L 166666 M 133333 N 066666 †h msL¨v‡K AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv, †hLv‡b p,q c~Y©msL¨v Ges q ≠ o|
q
(mnR)
†m msL¨v‡K Ag~j` msL¨v ejv nq|
K 9  13 M 16 N 25
(mnR)
p
(ga¨g) 3 1
q 3 3
K L M 64  5
4 2
K 9 L 0 5 M 0333  3
(ga¨g)
(mnR)
5 3 9
5 5 3 K 3415 L  N
K
2
L 4 
2
N 2 9 2 4
(ga¨g)
25
(ga¨g) 10 9 2 4
50
 L M N
2 2
K g~j`  Ag~j` M †gŠwjK N ¯^vfvweK 32 25

(mnR)
`kwgK fMœvsk msL¨v
K 16  10 M 25 N 4
3 4 (ga¨g) mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K 2 L 482  25 N 414

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi (mnR)

K ALÊ msL¨v L fMœvsk msL¨v
 `kwgK fMœvsk N ¯^vfvweK msL¨v
i. c~Y©eM© bq Giƒc †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM©g~j GKwU Ag~j`
(ga¨g)
msL¨v
p 10 5 5 5
ii. g~j` msL¨v‡K AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv nq| †hLv‡b p I q c~Y© K  M N
q 3 2 3 2
msL¨v Ges q ≠ 0 (ga¨g)
iii. 158113GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v|  0415 I 06̇2̇ L 2 I 062
(mnR) M 0 6̇2̇ I 4120345061 N 2 I 0415
Ki I ii i I iii M iii N ii I iii 0415 =
415 ˙ ˙ 62
, 062 =
100 99
(mnR)
i. 9 I 16 ii. 5 I 7
K 14142135 L 21356124
iii. 8 I 12  512765765 N 28284271
(ga¨g) (ga¨g)
Ki I ii Li I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 3 5 5 5
 L M N
5 22360679 11 2 2 4
(ga¨g)
i. GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
ii. GKwU g~j` msL¨v K 12 4̇5̇  2 M 0012 N10784̇3̇

iii. `yBwU c~Y© msL¨vi Abycv‡Z cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
(mnR)
Ki Li I ii i I iii N ii I iii
i. mmxg n‡j, G‡`i‡K mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk e‡j
ii. Amxg n‡j, G‡`i‡K Amxg `kwgK fMœvsk e‡j
i. 0 (k~b¨)
GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
iii. Amxg n‡jI A¼¸‡jvi cybive„wË NU‡Z cv‡i
ii. cÖK…Z fMœvsk Ag~j` msL¨v
(mnR)
3
iii.
2
GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
(mnR)
Ki I ii Li I iii M ii  iii i. 1333GKwU
mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk
ii. 2123512367GKwU Amxg `kwgK fMœvsk
 iii. 34152GKwU mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk K ¯^vfvweK L †gŠwjK  ev¯Íe N c~Y©
(ga¨g) 1
1, 2, , 0, 415, 4120345061 (mnR)
2
Ki I ii Li I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 abvZ¥K msL¨v L FYvZ¥K msL¨v
M †gŠwjK msL¨v N Ag~j` msL¨v
i. 1333 = 13̇ †jLv hvq (KwVb)
ii. 56̇5̇4̇ Amxg
Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 9 39 54 28
K L  N
iii. 512765765Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 7 3 6 5

(ga¨g) 0,3,1/2,0612,13,2120345 (mnR)

Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K abvZ¥K msL¨v L FYvZ¥K msL¨v

 AFYvZ¥K msL¨v N †gŠwjK msL¨v
p= 3, q = 18 
p (mnR)
i. pq Amxg `kwgK fMœvsk ii. q mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk
K FYvZ¥K msL¨v  AFYvZ¥K msL¨v
q
iii. Amxg `kwgK fMœvsk M g~j` msL¨v N Ag~j` msL¨v
p
(mnR)
(ga¨g)
K abvZ¥K msL¨v  FYvZ¥K msL¨v
Ki I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M AFYvZ¥K msL¨v N †gŠwjK msL¨v

i. 3n‡jv Amxg `kwgK fMœvsk enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

ii. 3605551 GKwU (mmxg) `kwgK fMœvsk
iii. 13 mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk i. mKj g~j` I Ag~j` msL¨v‡K ev¯Íe msL¨v e‡j
(ga¨g) ii. k~b¨ A‡cÿv eo mKj ev¯Íe msL¨v‡K abvZ¥K msL¨v e‡j
Ki I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. 0,  1,  3, 2, 3, 6˙ 2˙ BZ¨vw` ev¯Íe msL¨v
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi (mnR)
i I ii Li I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 
iii. mwVK bq| 3 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v|
3 22
2, 5, I PviwU msL¨v|
27 7
i. BZ¨vw` ev¯Íe msL¨v
0, 123, 3
(ga¨g)
ii. mKj ev¯Íe msL¨v k~b¨ A‡cÿv †QvU nq
K mmxg `kwgK  Amxg `kwgK
1
M g~j` N c~Y© iii. 0, 3, 2, 13 BZ¨vw` AFYvZ¥K msL¨v
(ga¨g) (mnR)
K mmxg  Amxg Ave„Ë M Amxg N Abve„Ë Ki I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
(mnR) i. k~b¨mn mKj g~j` I Ag~j` msL¨v‡K ev¯Íe msL¨v e‡j| myZivs cÖ`Ë
Dw³wU mwVK|
 Amxg `kwgK L mmxg `kwgK M Ag~j`xq N mmxg Ave„Ë
ii. mwVK bq| KviY ev¯Íe msL¨v k~b¨ A‡cÿv †QvU ev eo n‡Z cv‡i|
iii. k~b¨mn mKj abvZ¥K msL¨v‡K AFYvZ¥K msL¨v ejv nq|
ev¯Íe msL¨v (abvZ¥K msL¨v, FYvZ¥K msL¨v, AFYvZ¥K
msL¨v) i.  5,  05,  07, 0
ii.  5,  3, 1
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
iii.  05,  04,  07
(mnR) (mnR)
K ¯^vfvweK  ev¯Íe M †hŠwMK N c~Y© Ki I ii Li I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
(mnR) i. mwVK bq| KviY 0(k~b¨) AFYvZ¥K msL¨v|
K KvíwbK msL¨v L RwUj msL¨v Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 ev¯Íe msL¨v N ¯^vfvweK msL¨v
(mnR)  
 `yB L wZb M Pvi N cuvP
(mnR)
†Kv‡bv mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z we›`ymg~‡ni †mU Ges ev¯Íe msL¨vi †m‡Ui g‡a¨ enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
Ggbfv‡e GK GK wgj ¯’vcb Kiv hvq †hb †iLvwUi †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y (P, Q)
a b
Gi Rb¨ PQ = [a  b]
i. a + b ev¯Íe
msL¨v ii. ab = ba Aev¯Íe msL¨v
(mnR)
iii. ab ev¯Íe msL¨v
2 L3 M4 N5
(mnR) (mnR)

 abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K M1 N0 Ki I iii L ii I iii i I iii N i, ii I iii

044 (ga¨g) a, b 
4 4 9 7 i. a + b = b + a ii. a + b = b  a
K  M N
7 9 4 4 iii. ab = ba
  (mnR)

p = 5, q = 7 Ki I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

(mnR)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 p2 L q2 Mpq N p+q
p2  q2 (ga¨g)  
K †gŠwjK L c~Y© eM©  g~j` N Ag~j` a, b, c wZbwU ev¯Íe msL¨v|
(KwVb) a b (mnR)
K qp L q2  p2  q2 N q2  a+b L ad Mdb N a+c

  a, b ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, a + b ev¯Íe msL¨v|

a b (mnR)
p I q FYvZ¥K c~Y© msL¨v Ges p  q
 a+b=b+a L a+b=ba
pq (KwVb)
M a2 + b = b2 + a N a2 + b = b  a2
 abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K M Ag~j` N fMœvsk a, b ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, a + b = b + a
(KwVb) c (ga¨g)
K pq p+q M qp N p2  q2 K (a + b) + c = a + bc  (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
(ga¨g) M (a + b) + c = ca + cb N (a + b) + c = ac + bc
K p2 L q2  p2  q2 N p2 + q2 a, b, c ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

 
ev¯Íe msL¨vi †hvM I ¸Yb cÖwµqvi †gŠwjK ˆewkó¨
a, b, c wZbwU ev¯Íe msL¨v|
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi a b ab0
(mnR)
a, b, c a <b (mnR)
K ba  ab M b2  a2 N b  2a
 a+c<b+c L a+c=b+c
a b b  0  c
M a+c>b+c N a + c </ b + c
ev¯Íe msL¨vi Dci †hvM I ¸Yb cÖwµqvi †gŠwjK ˆewkó¨ Abyhvqx| (ga¨g)

a b a+b ab  (mnR)
K a L b M
ab

a2
c b2
 ev¯Íe msL¨v L Aev¯Íe msL¨v
ab ac  bc (KwVb)
M g~j` msL¨v N Ag~j` msL¨v
 c0 L c=0 Mc=1 N c  0
a, b, c a < b c < 0
(mnR) `kwgK fMœvs‡ki †kªwYweb¨vm
K ac = bc L ac > bc  ac < bc N ac </ b c
a, b, c a + b) c (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 a + (b + c) L ac + bc M a + bc N abc (mnR)
a, b, c ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
K2 3 M4 N5
a a + ( a) (mnR)
(ga¨g)
0 L1 M 2a N 2a
K 0333 L 2454545
a ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, a + (a) = 0
M 512765765  1023
a, b, c a(b + c) (mnR)
(ga¨g)
 ab + ac L a(bc) M a  (b + c) N a + (b + c)
 14142135 L 7832 M 5467 N 00025
a, b, c ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, a(b + c) = ab + ac
(mnR)
 K 012 L 1414235 M 21356124  2454545 11)30(.2727
22
80
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 77
30
22
80
i. cÖ‡Z¨K ev¯Íe msL¨v‡K `kwgK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Kiv hvq 77
3
ii. †Kv‡bv Ag~j` msL¨vi gvb hZ `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ B”Qv wbY©q Kiv hvq
wb‡Y©q `kwgK fMœvsk = 02727 = 02˙ 7˙
iii. †Kv‡bv fMœvs‡ki je I ni‡K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vq cÖKvk Ki‡Z 95
(ga¨g)
cvi‡j, H fMœvskwU g~j` msL¨v 37
(ga¨g) K 265657  25̇67̇ M 15̇67̇ N 35̇67̇
95
Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii = 256756 = 2567˙
˙
37
8
(KwVb)
i. mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk g~j` msL¨v 33

ii. Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk Ag~j` msL¨v K 024̇ L 0024̇  02̇4̇ N 024̇0̇

iii. Amxg `kwgK fMœvsk Ag~j` msL¨v 13̇  (mnR)

(mnR)  weï× †cŠbtcywbK fMœvsk L wgkª †cŠbtcywbK fMœvsk

Ki I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M Ave„Ë †cŠbtcywbK N mvaviY †cŠbtcywbK
`kwgK fMœvs‡k `kwgK we›`yi ci Ave„Ëvsk Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv A¼ bv _vK‡j
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi G‡K weï× †cŠbtcywbK e‡j|

  enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

1725, 32333 , 00036,51356123 
001041004  Ges 0350123 `kwgK fMœvsk msL¨v|
i. Ave„Ë ev †cŠbtcywbK `kwgK fMœvs‡k †h Ask evievi A_©vr
00036 (KwVb)
cybtcyb nq, G‡K Ave„Ë Ask e‡j|
 mmxg `kwgK L Amxg `kwgK
ii. 3124124124 †K †jLv nq 312 ˙ 4˙ Øviv
M Ag~j` N ¯^vfvweK
iii. 42351˙ 2˙ wgkª †cŠbtcywbK fMœvsk
0.0036 = 006 hv GKwU mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk|
(mnR)
(ga¨g)
2 L3 M4 N5 Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
(mnR)
K Amxg `kwgK  mmxg `kwgK M Ag~j` N ¯^vfvweK i.
1
Gi Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 03˙
3
Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 1
ii.
9
Gi Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 09˙

mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi iii.

23
Gi Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 25˙
9
23 (ga¨g)
6
(ga¨g)

K 3333  3833 M 338 N 3 338

Ki I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
1 ˙
i. 3 = 0333 = 03, myZivs Dw³wU mwVK;
1 ˙
ii. 9 = 0111 = 01, myZivs
6)23(3.833
18 Dw³wU mwVK bq; iii.
23 ˙ myZivs
= 2555 = 25, Dw³wU mwVK
9
50
48
20 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
18
20
18  
2

(ga¨g) 5 10
, , 25˙ wZbwU fMœvsk|
3 3
3 5 5 5
 L M N
11 2 2 4 5
(ga¨g)
3
K 15̇  16̇ M13̇ N 03̇

10
(ga¨g)
3
K 13̇ L 15̇  33̇ N 36̇
 10
3
˙
= 3333= 33 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
(mnR)  
K 25̇ L 1 6̇ M 33̇  42351̇2̇ 001̇2̇, 513̇45̇, 325̇67̇ wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk|

Ave„Ë `kwgK‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk I Ave„Ë `kwg‡Ki

(ga¨g)
gvb wbY©q K
4

4
M
4
N
4
99 330 990 33
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 0 01Error! = Error! = Error! = Error!

03̇ (ga¨g) (KwVb)

1 1 1 3 21 19 21 21
 L M N K 31 L 32  32 N 33
3 6 9 6 37 37 37 37

03˙ = 9 = 3
3 1 32 Error!6Error! = Error! = Error! = Error! =
1205 21
0Error!Error! (ga¨g) 37
= 32
37
24 8 33 11 (KwVb)
K  M N
90 33 8 8
224 224 223 224
4Error! K2 L3 M5 5
1664 1665 1665 1665
(ga¨g) 5 1Error!4Error! = Error! = Error! = Error! = 5
45 45 41 21 224
K L  N
9 90 9 9 1665
4 Error! = Error! = Error!  
03Error! (ga¨g) 00Error!Error! I 28Error! `yBwU `kwgK fMœvsk msL¨v|
2 2 1 13 (mnR)
K  M N
15 5 30 90
25 25 5 25
01Error! K
198

990
M
990
N
99
(ga¨g) (ga¨g)
13 13 2 4
K L  N 34 43 43 83
90 99 15 33 K  M N
90 150 900 150
0Error!Error! (KwVb)
(ga¨g)
K 26Error! L 2261Error! 026Error!
35 9 35 99
K
9
L
35

99
N
35 Error! N 02Error!Error!Error!

0Error!Error! (ga¨g)
m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK I Am`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK
4 41 41 4
K L  N
9 9 99 33
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
0 Error! Error! = Error!
6Error!Error!
3 31Error! Error! (ga¨g)
(mnR)
10931 10731 10831 9931

3300
L
3300
M
3300
N
3300 K 23Error! L 33Error!  12Error!

3 31Error!Error! = Error! = Error! = Error! Error! N 93Error! Error!

Ave„Ë `kwgK¸‡jv‡Z Abve„Ë As‡ki msL¨v mgvb n‡j Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi A¼ msL¨vI mgvb n‡j, Zv‡`i m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK e‡j|
(ga¨g)

i. Ave„Ë `kwgK‡K me mgq fMœvs‡k cwiYZ Kiv hvq  9453̇, 125897̇ L 1245̇, 63̇2̇

ii. mKj Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk g~j` msL¨v M 643̇5̇, 28930 N34̇5̇,74̇57̇
167 bs e¨vL¨v †`L|
iii. 0 Error! Error! †K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j Error!
nq enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
(ga¨g)
32̇4̇
Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 0
0 Error!Error! = Error! = Error! myZivs Dw³wU mwVK|
ii. Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 2
iii. m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 5̇6̇ enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
(mnR)
Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. †hvMdj Ave„Ë `kwgK nq
ii. we‡qvMdj Ave„Ë `kwgK nq
i. Wv‡b A¼ msL¨v me©`v mgvb
iii. †hvM ev we‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡j Ave„Ë `kwgK¸‡jv‡K m`„k Ave„Ë
ii. c‡i Abve„Ë As‡ki msL¨v mgvb
`kwg‡K cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e
iii. c‡i Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v mgvb
(mnR)
(mnR)
Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
4732̇ 35̇7̇ 
Am`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK¸‡jv‡K m`„k Ave„Ë `kwg‡K i. Am`„k
cwieZ©‡bi wbqg ii. m`„k Ki‡j Ave„Ë A¼ msL¨v n‡e 3
iii. G‡`i †hvMdj 8307̇9̇
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi (ga¨g)

56̇, 734̇5̇ 10775̇24̇  Ki I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

i. Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v h_vµ‡g 0, 1 I 2 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
ii. Ave„Ë As‡ki msL¨v h_vµ‡g 1, 2 I 3
 
iii. m`„k Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 3 n‡e
(ga¨g) 0 3̇9̇, 383̇, 304̇5̇ wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk|
i I ii Li I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii (ga¨g)

 039̇3̇, 383̇3̇, 304̇5̇ L 039̇3̇, 3083̇33, 30̇45̇

Ave„Ë `kwg‡Ki †hvM I we‡qvM 
M 039̇3̇, 3833, 304̇5̇ N 039̇33̇, 383̇33̇, 30̇45̇
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi (KwVb)
 427̇2̇ L 427̇ M 27̇2̇ N 42272
(mnR)
(KwVb)
 Ave„Ë `kwgK L Abve„Ë `kwgK
K 655  078̇7̇ M 65̇15̇ N 651̇5̇
M mmxg `kwgK N Amxg Abve„Ë `kwgK

24̇ + 17̇ (ga¨g) Ave„Ë `kwg‡Ki ¸Y I fvM

K 08̇  42̇ M 49̇ N 35̇
24  2 22 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
24˙ = =
9 9
03̇  06̇ = (ga¨g)
17  1 16
17˙ = =
9 9  02̇ L 04̇ M 05̇ N 01̇
22 16 22 + 16 38
 24˙ + 17˙ = + = = = 4222 = 42˙ ˙ 3 1 ˙ 6 2
03 = = , 0 6 = =
9 9 9 9 9 3 9 3
38̇9̇ 217̇8̇ (KwVb) 1 2 2
 03˙  0 6˙ =  = = 0222 = 02˙
3 3 9
K 67̇7̇  607̇7̇ M 617̇7̇ N 637̇7̇
05  03̇ (ga¨g)
389˙ 8˙ 89
K 015 L 015̇  016̇ N 017
(+) 217˙ 8˙ 78
05 = 10 = 2 , 03˙ = 9 = 3
5 1 3 1
607˙ 7˙ 67
1 1 1
19345̇ 1123̇49̇ (KwVb)  05  03˙ =  = = 01666 = 016˙
2 3 6
K 7110̇62̇ L 711062 M 811062  8110̇62̇ 06̇  09̇ (ga¨g)
GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e
K 03̇ L 04̇ M 05̇  06̇
1 I 3| Gi jmv¸ 3|
˙ 6 2 ˙ 9
06 = = ; 09 = = 1
19345˙ = 193455
˙ 5˙ 55 9 3 9
˙ ˙ 2 2 2
112349 = 1123493 49 06˙  09˙ =  1 =  1 = = 0666 = 06˙
3 3 3
˙ 2˙ 06
81106
˙ 2˙ 03̇  075 (ga¨g)
wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj 81106
 04̇ L 05̇ M 06̇ N 0 8̇
 3 1 75 3 87108 87108 87108 43554
03˙ = = , 075 = = K L M 3
9 3 100 4 98010 98020 98020 49005
1 3 1 4 4
 03˙  075 =  =  = = 04˙ (KwVb)
3 4 3 3 9

02̇  12̇  002̇- (KwVb)

K Amxg Abve„Ë L Amxg Ave„Ë
 mmxg Abve„Ë N c~Y©msL¨v
 122̇ L 112̇ M 92 N 12̇

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi wbw`©ó `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ gvb Ges wbw`©ó `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ
43̇ 57̇
Avmbœ gvb
i. m`„k I g~j` mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
ii. Gi ¸Ydj Ave„Ë `kwgK n‡ZI cv‡i bvI n‡Z cv‡i
54325893
iii. fvM cÖwµqvi †ÿ‡Î fvMdj me mgqB Ave„Ë n‡e
(mnR)
(mnR)
i I ii Li I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K 54324 L 54325  54326 N 543258
hZ `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb †ei Ki‡Z ejv n‡e, Gi cieZ©x
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi ¯’vbwU‡Z 5, 6, 7, 8 ev 9 nq, Z‡e †kl ¯’vbwUi msL¨vi mv‡_ 1 †hvM Ki‡Z
n‡e|
  13 (KwVb)
05, 027̇, 019̇, 73̇2̇ PviwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk K 3605 L 3655  3606 N 3656
13 = 360551 
(ga¨g)  wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb 3606
625 725 25 25
K  M6 N7 0 5˙ (KwVb)
99 99 99 99
73˙ 2˙ =
732  7 725
= 99  074 L 075 M 076 N 077
99
0 5˙ = 055555
05̇ 019̇ (ga¨g)
 0.5555  = 07453 (K¨vjKz‡jUi e¨envi K‡i)
K 023̇ L 13̇ M 2̇  01̇  `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ gvb 074|
(KwVb)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K 262˙ 6˙  263̇6̇ M 273̇6̇ N 272̇6̇

73˙ 2˙ =
732  7
=
725
; 027˙ =
27  2 25
= =
5 4623845 
99 99 90 90 18
725 5 725 18 290 i. Pvi `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ gvb 46238
 73˙ 2˙  027˙ =  =  = = 263˙ 6˙
99 18 99 5 11 ii. wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb 4623
 iii. `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ gvb 462
092̇3̇, 42̇1̇, 21̇2̇ wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK msL¨v| (mnR)
(ga¨g) Ki I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
212 212 210 210
K L  N
99 990 99 990
(KwVb)


3
17
K c~Y© msL¨v L g~j` msL¨v M cig msL¨v  Ag~j` msL¨v
 g~j` msL¨v L Ag~j` msL¨v
841
M ¯^vfvweK msL¨v N `kwgK fMœvsk
 ¯^vfvweK
msL¨v L c~Y©msL¨v
M AFYvZ¥K msL¨v N Ag~j` msL¨v
K 04̇ L 9 M 56̇39̇  11
a = 01020 b = 01101 a b

3 8
K 05 L M  72 K 0101020020002 L 0101001000100001
5 2
 0102010010001 N 01101202002
04̇
3 5 7 9
K L M  4 4 9 5
3 5 3 4 K  M N
7 9 4 8
nN Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
Kn+2 L n+1  2n + 1 N 2n

i. 0 c~Y© msL¨v
K L 7 M 3  me¸‡jv ii. 12 Ag~j`
msL¨v
024 iii. mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v ev¯Íe msL¨v
7 6 7 7
K  M N
33 25 32 33
Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K 010 L 090 M 10  110
5 
2360679 
i. GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v ii. mmxg Ave„Ë `kwgK msL¨v
iii. Amxg Abve„Ë `kwgK msL¨v

 x2 + x L x2 + 2x M x2 + 1 N x2 + 2
72 Ki I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
170
5
, 7, 3 7 
K 12  19 M 20 N 21
02̇4̇
i. 1gwU g~j` msL¨v ii. 2qwU Ag~j` msL¨v

8 4 8 4 iii. 3qwU ¯^vfvweK I g~j` msL¨v

 L M N
33 33 11 11
7 Ki I ii Li I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K 2, 3  3, 4 M 4, 5 N 5, 6
03̇  06̇
 02̇ L 04̇ M 05̇ N 06̇
11 111
K 11101 L 1002 M 112  11001
01 012̇
[cUzqvLvjx miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq]
K 01  011 M 02 N 012
03̇  03̇
K 09̇ L 009̇  01̇ N 001̇
09̇
9 1 3
K L M 1
10 9 5

K 789765 L 629999  M 543856  453729 

2 L3 M4 N5

1 L2 M3 N0
i. 06̇  00̇9̇ = 73̇ ii. 00̇9̇  073̇ = 04
27
iii. GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
48

i Li I ii Mi I iii N i, ii I iii
x, y, z xy 
i. xz  yz hLb z0 ii. xz  yz hLb z0
iii. x(y + z) = xy+xz
  M ¯^vfvweK msL¨v N c~Y© msL¨v
289 = 17 Gi eM©g~j 17 Ag~j` KviY 17 c~Y©eM©msL¨v bq|
32̇2̇, 623̇09̇, 289 wZbwU msL¨v|
 
K msL¨v wZbwUi g‡a¨ Ag~j` msL¨v Av‡Q 2wU P = 03̇  083̇, q = 05  01̇ Ges r = 035̇  008̇
L 1g `yBwU msL¨v m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK msL¨v p
M †kl `yBwU msL¨v Amxg `kwgK msL¨v 
5
L
3
M
18
N 02
18 83 5
 wZbwU msL¨vB g~j` msL¨v
3 83  8 3  75 5
 = =
wZbwU msL¨v n‡jv 32˙ 2,
˙ 6230
˙ 9˙ I 289 ev 17 me¸‡jv msL¨vB g~j`| 9 90 9  90 18

289 pq
 17 L 19 M 18 N 27 K4 L 44 5 N5
289 p+q+r
K g~j` msL¨v  Ag~j` msL¨v 9 L4 M 18 N 13

(mnR)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
Ki I ii Li I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii

i. `kwgK fMœvs‡ki Wv‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K k~b¨ ewm‡q cÖ`Ë `yB ev a

i. †h mKj msL¨v‡K b AvKv‡i (†hLv‡b a I b ¯^vfvweK msL¨v)
Z‡ZvwaK `kwgK fMœvs‡ki m`„k Kiv hvq
627 cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv Zv‡K Ag~j` msL¨v e‡j
ii.
100
Gi `kwgK fMœvsk 627
ii. mKj fMœvskB g~j` msL¨v
iii. 005 †K mvgvb¨ cÖKvk Ki‡j n‡e 12 iii. 64345674567... GKwU Ave„Ë `kwgK msL¨v

(ga¨g) (ga¨g)

i I ii Li I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
i. k~b¨ GKwU ¯^vfvweK msL¨v ii. 5 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
 
iii. mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v ev¯Íe msL¨v
(mnR) 25, 435̇, 123̇4̇ wZbwU `kwgK fMœvsk|
Ki I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii (ga¨g)
392 392 392 390
i. Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvs‡k GKvwaK A¼ Ave„Ë n‡j Ave„Ë me¸‡jv K  M N
99 90 999 90
A‡¼i Dci †cŠbtcywbK we›`y †`Iqv nq (ga¨g)
ii. 53 GKwU weï× †cŠbtcywbK fMœvsk 611 611 611 122
 L M N
iii. Ave„Ëvs‡ki msL¨v me mgq n‡i †h msL¨v _v‡K, Zvi †P‡q †QvU nq 495 990 999 990
(mnR) (KwVb)

Ki I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii K 13606 ...... L 124406 ......

 134406 ...... N 134046 ......
i. `kwgK fMœvs‡ki `kwgK we›`yi ci Ave„Ëvsk Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv

A¼ bv _vK‡j Zv‡K weï× †cŠbtcywbK e‡j
1 MÖvg †mvbvi g~j¨ 40090̇09̇ UvKv Ges GKwU †mvbvi AvswUi IRb 16̇81̇ 
ii. 8235̇12̇ GKwU wgkª †cŠbtcywbK fMœvsk
12 MÖvg|
iii. mKj Ave„Ë `kwgK Ag~j` msL¨v
(ga¨g)
(mnR)
101 100 909 100
i I ii Li I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K 400
111
 400
111
M 400
1000
N 400
101
(ga¨g)
i. 0 †_‡K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v ïiæ ii. 3 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v  809091 L 8000 M 780000 N 610
iii. mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v c~Y© msL¨v

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

  43, 5,  7, 0323̇, 0, 1, 97, 12, 245, 11234 , 3  2012˙ 4˙ 3,˙ 7525˙ 6;
˙ 209˙ 7,
˙ 51276
˙ 8˙

K. cÖ_g †Rvov fMœvsk‡K m`„k Ave„Ë `kwg‡K cÖKvk

Ki| 2
9 4
K. 7 I 5 msL¨v‡K `kwgK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2 L. cÖ`Ë †Rvov fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v Avjv`v K‡i †hvM Ki| 4
L. msL¨v¸‡jv‡K ev¯Íe msL¨vi †kªwYweb¨v‡m Ae¯’vb †`LvI| 4 M. cÖ_g †Rvovi cÖvß †hvMdj †_‡K wØZxq †Rvovi
M. †`LvI †h, 3 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| 4 cÖvß †hvMdj we‡qvM Ki| 4
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
9 4 K 2012̇4̇3̇ G Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 2 I Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 3|
K 7
= 7) 9 (1285
5
) 40 (8
7525̇6̇ G Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 2 I Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 2|
7 40
0 GLv‡b cÖ`Ë msL¨v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v me‡P‡q
20
14 4
 = 08
†ewk n‡jv 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 3 I 2 Gi jmv¸ n‡jv 6|
5
60 myZivs, cÖ‡Z¨KwU `kwg‡Ki Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges
56
Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 6|
40
35 2012˙ 4˙ 3˙ = 20124324
˙ 3˙
5 7525˙ 6˙ = 75256565
˙ 6˙
9 ˙
wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgKmg~n = 20124324 ˙ 75256565
3, ˙ 6˙
 = 1285
7
L cÖ_g †Rvov 2012˙ 4˙ 3˙ I 7525˙ 6˙
L wb‡P cÖ`Ë msL¨v¸‡jv‡K ev¯Íe msL¨vi †kªwYweb¨v‡m Ae¯’vb †`Lv‡bv
GLv‡b, 2012˙ 4˙ 3˙ = 20124324
˙ 3˙ 24
n‡jv :
7525˙ 6˙ = 75256565
˙ 6˙ 56
ev¯Íe msL¨v
˙
953808899˙ 80
g~j`  1g †Rvovi ˙ ˙
†hvMdj : 953808899 (Ans)
Ag~j`
c~Y© (12) fMœvsk 3
wØZxq †Rvov 209˙ 7˙ I 51276
˙ 8˙

cÖ`Ë msL¨v¸‡jv‡Z Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë

abvZ¥K k~b¨ (0) FYvZ¥K (7) mvaviY `kwgK Amxg Abve„Ë
(1·1234....) As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 I 3 Gi jmv¸ 6|
†gŠwjK (5) GK (1) †hŠwMK (12) 9
cÖK…Z 4 AcÖK…Z 7
3 4
wgkª (25) mmxg Amxg Ave„Ë wb‡gœ `kwgK msL¨v¸‡jv‡K m`„k K‡i †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
 (0·323̇)
209˙ 7˙ = 20979797
˙ 9˙ 79
M Avgiv Rvwb, 1  3  4 ˙ 8˙ = 51276876
51276 ˙ 8˙ 76
 1 3 4 ˙
= 72256674 8˙ 55
ev, 1 3  2  2q †Rvovi ˙
†hvMdj = 72256674 8˙ (Ans)
myZivs 3 Gi gvb 1 A‡cÿv eo Ges 2 A‡cÿv †QvU| M LÕ Ask †_‡K cÖvß,
AZGe 3 c~Y©msL¨v bq| ˙
cÖ_g †Rvovi †hvMdj 953808899˙ 80
 3 g~j` msL¨v A_ev Ag~j` msL¨v| hw` 3 g~j` msL¨v nq Z‡e ˙
wØZxq †Rvovi †hvMdj 722566748˙ 56
p ˙
awi, 3 = , †hLv‡b p I q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v I ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK Ges = 231242151˙ 24
q
˙
wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj 231242151˙
q  1|
p2  23039˙ 4˙ ˙ 5;
91264 ˙ 113˙ 26˙
ev, 3 = q2; [eM© K‡i]
K. 1g †Rvov fMœvs‡ki we‡qvMdj KZ? 2
p2
ev, 3q = ; [Dfq cÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y K‡i] L. 2q †Rvov fMœvs‡ki ¸Ydj KZ? 4
q
p2 M. cÖvß we‡qvMdj‡K cÖvß ¸Ydj Øviv fvM K‡i
¯úóZ: 3q c~Y© msL¨v wKš‘ q c~Y©msL¨v bq, [KviY p I q ¯^vfvweK
fvMdj wbY©q Ki| 4
msL¨v I Giv ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK Ges q  1]  3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
p2 p2
 3q Ges q
mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv, A_©vr 3q 
q K cÖ`Ë msL¨v؇q Abve„Ë As‡ki m‡e©v”P A¼ msL¨v 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki
p p A¼ msL¨v 2 I 3 Gi jmv¸ 6|
 3 Gi gvb AvKv‡ii †Kv‡bv msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i bv, A_©vr
q
3 |
q
wb‡Pi `kwgK msL¨v `yBwU‡K m`„k K‡i we‡qvM Kiv n‡jv|
myZivs 3 g~j` msL¨v bq|
23039˙ 4˙ = 230394949
˙ 4˙ 94
 3 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| ˙ 5˙ = 91264564
˙
91264 5˙ 64
 ˙
= 1391303849˙ 30  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj ˙
1391303849˙
K cÖ`Ë msL¨v 29
113  11 102 17
L 113˙ = 90
= =
90 15 †h‡nZz 29 Gi 1 Ges 29 Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ¸YbxqK †bB| myZivs, 29
26 =
26 13
= msL¨vwU †gŠwjK msL¨v|
10 5
17 13 221 L
 113̇  26 =  =
15 5 75 5 29 53851
= 294666[K¨vjKz‡jUi e¨envi K‡i] 25
103 400
= 2946˙
309
wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj 2946˙
1068 9100
M 1g †Rvovi we‡qvMdj = 13913̇03849̇ 8544
2q †Rvovi ¸Ydj = 2946̇ 10765 55600
53825
1391303849  1391
GLv‡b, 13913̇03849̇ = 99999900 107701 177500
107701
2946  294 2652
Ges 2946̇ = 900
=
900 69799
1391302458 2652 1391302458 900 wb‡Y©q eM©g~j 53851 
  = 
99999900 900 99999900 2652 wb‡Y©q `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb 539|
= 472162 [K¨vjKz‡jUi e¨envi K‡i] M cÖ`Ë msL¨v 29
wb‡Y©q fvMdj 472162. 29 Gi eM©g~j 29
 29 Avgiv Rvwb, 25  29  36
K. msL¨vwU †gŠwjK bv †hŠwMK msL¨v? 2 ev, 25  29  36
L. msL¨vwUi eM©g~j wbY©q Ki Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ev, 5  29  6
ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb †jL| 4
†_‡K eo wKš‘ 6 †_‡K †QvU|
 29; 5
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, DÏxc‡Ki msL¨vwUi eM©g~j GKwU
AZGe, 29 c~Y©msL¨v bq|
Ag~j` msL¨v| 4

 29 g~j` msL¨v A_ev Ag~j` msL¨v|
p
hw` 29 g~j` msL¨v nq Z‡e, awi 29 = q; †hLv‡b p I q DfqB
¯^vfvweK msL¨v, q  1 Ges p, q mn‡gŠwjK (p I q Gi g‡a¨ 1 wfbœ
†Kv‡bv mvaviY Drcv`K †bB)|
p2
d‡j, 29 = q2 [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
p2
ev 29q = q [Dfqcÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
GLv‡b, 29q ¯úóZ c~Y©msL¨v| Acic‡ÿ p2 Ges q Gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv mvaviY Drcv`K
†bB| †h‡nZz p Ges q Gi †Kv‡bv mvaviY Drcv`K †bB|
p2
myZivs q c~Y©msL¨v bq|
p2
myZivs q , 5q Gi mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv|
p
AZGe, 29 Gi gvb q Gi AvKv‡ii †Kv‡bv msL¨vB n‡Z cv‡i bv|
myZivs 29 Ag~j` msL¨v|

 1, 2, 3, 4,     5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 

K. µwgK †Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨v¸‡jv †jL| 2 K µwgK †Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨v¸‡jv n‡jv : 2, 4, 6, 8 BZ¨vw`|
L. †`LvI †h, `yBwU µwgK †Rvo msL¨vi ¸Ydj 8 Øviv wefvR¨| 4 L g‡b Kwi, †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨v x
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, PviwU µwgK ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi ¸Yd‡ji  µwgK †Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨v n‡e 2x
mv‡_ 1 †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj GKwU c~Y©eM© msL¨v n‡e| 4 GLb 2x, 2x + 2 `yBwU µwgK †Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨v
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  22
Zvn‡j, 2x(2x + 2) = 22x(x+1) = 4x(x + 1)  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
†h‡nZz x GKwU ¯^vfvweK msL¨v| Zvn‡j x I (x + 1) `yBwU µwgK
K cÖ_g c‡`i fMœvsk n‡jv, 11̇85̇ I 02̇4̇| fMœvsk `yBwU‡Z Abve„Ë
¯^vfvweK msL¨v, †hLv‡b GKwU Aek¨B †Rvo msL¨v n‡e| d‡j x(x + 1)
As‡ki A¼ msL¨v h_vµ‡g 0, 0 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v
GKwU †Rvo msL¨v n‡e|
g‡b Kwi, x(x + 1) = 2m †hLv‡b, m ¯^vfvweK msL¨v| h_vµ‡g 3 I 2 Gi jmv¸ 6| AZGe m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jvi
4x(x + 1) = 4  2m ev 8m hv 8 Øviv wefvR¨ Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 0 I Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 6|
AZGe, `yBwU µwgK †Rvo msL¨vi ¸Ydj 8 Øviv wefvR¨| myZivs,
1 1̇85̇ = 11̇85185̇
0 2̇4̇ = 02̇42424̇
M D`vniY 2 bs Gi mgvavb †`L|
wb‡Y©q m`„k Ave„Ë fMœvsk 11̇85185̇ I 02̇42424̇|
 12 1̇85̇, 42 1̇8̇ 028̇
1185  1 1184
L 11̇85̇ = =
K. 121̇85̇ †K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2 999 999
24
L. 121̇85̇ †K 421̇8̇ w`‡q fvM Ki| 4 02̇4̇ =
99
M. msL¨v wZbwUi ¸Ydj wbY©q Ki| 4 62  6 56
062̇ = =
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  90 90
3 1
0 3̇ = =
329 9 3
12185  12 12173 329 5
K 121̇85̇ =
999
=
999
=
27
= 12
27  11̇85̇  02̇4̇ =
1184 24 1184 99 1628
 =  = = 48
27 999 99 999 24 333
5
wb‡Y©q fMœvsk 12 27| Ges 56 1 56
 =
90 3 270
= 0207̇40̇

329 I 0207̇40̇ †hvM Kivi Rb¨ msL¨v `yBwU‡K m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvs‡k
48̇
L GLv‡b 121̇85̇ = 27
iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e| †hLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 I Ave„Ë
464
4218  42 4176 464 As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 1 I 3 Gi jmv¸ 3|
Ges 421̇8̇ = 99 = 99
=
11
11 Zvn‡j 4888̇88̇ 88

329 464 329 11 0207̇40̇ 74

 121̇85̇  421̇8̇ =  = 
27 11 27 464 62
5096̇29̇
3619
= = 2888729 = 0289 wb‡Y©q †hvMdj 596̇29̇
12528
wb‡Y©q fvMdj 0289 M GLv‡b ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß †hvMdj,
M 121̇85̇  42 1̇8̇  028̇ (11̇85̇  02̇4̇) + (062̇  03̇) = 5096̇29̇
cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Kwi| Avevi, 045̇ + 0134̇ Gi gvb †ei Kivi Rb¨ fMœvsk `yBwU m`„k Ave„Ë
329 `kwgK fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi Kwi, †hLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e
121̇85̇ =
27
[ÔKÕ bs e¨envi K‡i]
2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 1 Zvn‡j,
464
421̇8̇ =
11
[ÔLÕ bs e¨envi K‡i] 0455̇ 55
13 0134̇ 44
28  2 26 13
Ges 028 = 90 = =
90 45 0589̇ 99
45
GLb MvwYwZK evK¨wUi mijK…Z gvb †ei Kivi Rb¨ 5096̇29̇ †_‡K

 121̇85  421̇8̇  028̇ 0589̇ we‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| we‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ fMœvsk `yBwU‡K m`„k
329 464 13 1984528
=
27

11 45
 =
13365
= 148486 Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼
wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj 148486 msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 3| Zvn‡j,
 (11̇85̇  02̇4̇) + (062̇  03̇)  (045̇ + 0134̇) 5096̇29̇ 62
0589̇99̇ 99
K. Dc‡ii MvwYwZK ev‡K¨i cÖ_g c‡`i fMœvsk‡K m`„k
4506̇29̇ 63
Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2
 MvwYwZK evK¨wUi mijK…Z gvb = 4506̇29̇
L. MvwYwZK evK¨wUi fvM I ¸Y As‡k cÖvß
450629  450 450179
fMœvsk¸‡jvi †hvMdj KZ? 4 =
99900
=
99900
M. MvwYwZK evK¨wUi mijK…Z gvb‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k 450179
wb‡Y©q mvaviY fMœvsk 99900
cÖKvk Ki| 4
 104̇, 513̇02̇ 804̇
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  23
K. cÖ_g `yBwU msL¨vi m`„k Ave„Ë fMœvs‡k cwiYZ Ki| 2 70
wb‡Y©q fMœvskwU 11
L. msL¨v wZbwUi †hvMdj wbY©q Ki| 4
M. 513̇02̇ Gi Pvi `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ eM©g~j wbY©q Ki L 44̇  283̇
Ges wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ eM©g~‡ji Avmbœ gvb wbY©q 44  4 283  28 40 255 400  255 145
=  =  = =
9 90 9 90 900 90
Ki| 4
Avevi, 13̇ + 2629̇
 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  13 1 2629  262
= +
K 104̇ = 104̇44̇ 9 900
12 2367 1200 + 2367 3567
513̇02̇ = 513̇02̇ = + = =
9 900 900 900
L GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 1 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ n‡e  (44̇  283̇)  (13̇ + 2629̇)
1| 3 I 1 Gi jmv¸ 3 145 3567 145 900 1450
10
=  =  =
cÖ_‡g wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK‡K m`„k Kiv n‡q‡Q, 90 900 90 3567 3567
10290 1
41
104̇44̇ 44 1450 1450 82 10
GLb 3567
 82 =
356787

10
=
3
= 33 (Ans.)
513̇02̇ 30 3 5
1
804̇44̇ 44 70
M ÔKÕ Gi cÖvßgvb = 11
1421̇91̇ 18
70 70 136  1
wb‡Y©q †hvMdj 1421̇91̇   13̇6̇ = 
11 11 99
M 513̇02̇-Gi eM©g~j Error! 14 9
1
70 135 70 99 14
=  =  =
513̇02̇ = 513023023 11 99 11 13515 3
1 3
GLv‡b, 2 513023023 22650
10
4 Avevi ÔLÕ Gi cÖvß gvb = 3
42 113 8
14 10 14 + 10 24
84  + = = =8
3 3 3 3
446 2902 1
2676 8 Gi eM©g~j = 8
4525 22630 GLb 2 80000 282
22625
4
5
400
AZGe, 513̇02̇ Gi Pvi `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ eM©g~j = 22650 48
384
Ges wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb = 2265 562
1600
1124
 28 22̇7̇, 13̇6̇, 44̇  283̇, 13̇ + 2629̇ 82 47600
wb‡Y©q eM©g~j 282 (`yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ)
K. 28 Gi 22̇7̇ †K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2
 132,012432 3, 7, 172̇3̇, 9, 8
L. 44̇  283̇ †K 13̇ + 2629̇ Øviv fvM K‡i cÖvß
fvMd‡ji mv‡_ 82 ¸Y Ki| 4
K. Ag~j` msL¨v Kv‡K e‡j D`vniYmn †jL| 2
M. (K) Gi cÖvß gvb‡K 13̇6̇ Øviv fvM K‡i fvMdj (L) Gi
L. 3q I 4_© msL¨v `ywUi g‡a¨ `ywU g~j` I `ywU Ag~j`
cÖvß gv‡bi mv‡_ †hvM Ki Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb
msL¨v wbY©q Ki| 4
ch©šÍ eM©g~j wbY©q Ki| 4
M. †kl msL¨v `ywU g~j` bv Ag~j` hyw³ Øviv cÖgvY Ki| 4
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
227  2 225
K 22̇7̇ =
99
=
99 p
K †h msLv‡K q AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv, †hLv‡b p, q c~Y©msL¨v Ges q
225
 28 Gi 22̇7̇ = 28 Gi
99 ≠0 msL¨v‡K Ag~j` msL¨v e‡j| c~Y©eM© bq Giƒc †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK
14 45
28 225 msL¨vi eM©g~j GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| †hgb : 2 = 1414213 Ges
=
10
Gi 99
5
1
3 = 1732
14  45 630 210 70 L 3q msL¨vwU 7 = 2645751
= = = =
99 99 33 11 4_© msL¨vwU 172̇3̇ = 17232323
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  24
awi, g~j` msL¨v `ywU h_vµ‡g a I b 0006̇ = 0006̇66666̇
 a = 1888888 09̇2̇ = 0929̇29292̇
Ges b = 21111111 001̇34̇ = 0013̇41341̇
Avevi, Ag~j` msL¨v `ywU h_vµ‡g c I d 094937300
 c = 17230020002 fMœvsk wZbwUi †hvMdj = 0949̇37300̇
Ges d = 173030030003 (Ans)
1 92 46 46
M †kl msL¨v `ywU 9 Ges 8 M cÖ_g `ywU fMœvsk ¸Y Ki‡j nq = 150  99 =
7425
75
Gi g‡a¨ 9 = 3 hv GKwU c~Y©msL¨v Ges GKwU g~j` msL¨v| Ab¨w`‡K ¸Ydj‡K Z…Zxq fMœvsk Øviv fvM K‡i cvB,
8 Ag~j` msL¨v wKbv wb‡P cÖgvY Kiv n‡jv- = Error! = Error! = Error!  Error! =
Avgiv Rvwb, 4  8  9 1702
3685
ev, 4  8  9
2 83
myZivs 8 Gi gvb 2 A‡cÿv eo Ges 3 A‡cÿv †QvU| AZGe, 8 hw`  03̇, 06̇, 02̇5̇
g~j` msL¨v nq Z‡e, K. 1g `ywU fMœvsk‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2
p L. fMœvsk wZbwUi ¸Ydj wbY©q Ki| 4
awi, 8 = [GLv‡b p I q ¯^vfvweK Ges mn‡gŠwjK msL¨v Ges q  1]
q
p2
M. 3q fMœvskwUi eM©g~j wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ
ev, 8 = q2 gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
p2
ev, 8q = q [Dfq cÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y K‡i]  12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
2
¯úóZ 8q c~Y©msL¨v wKš‘ q c~Y© msL¨v bq, KviY p I q ci¯úi K 1g `ywU fMœvsk‡K h_vµ‡g mvaviY fMœvsk‡K cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv-
p
3 1 6 2
mn‡gŠwjK| 03̇ = = Ges 06̇ = =
9 3 9 3
p2 p2 L ÔKÕ Ask †_‡K cvB,
 8q Ges q mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv, A_©vr 8q ≠ q
1
 8 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| 0 3̇ =
3
 0006̇, 09̇2̇ 01̇34 0 6̇ =
2
3
K. cÖ_g fMœvsk `ywU‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cwiYZ Ki| 2 25
L. fMœvsk wZbwUi †hvMdj wbY©q Ki| 4 GLb, 02̇5̇ = 99
M. cÖ_g fMœvsk `ywUi ¸Ydj‡K Z…Zxq fMœvsk Øviv fvM  0 3̇  06̇  0 2̇5̇ =
1 2 25
  =
50
=
50
3 3 99 9  99 891
K‡i fvMd‡ji eM©g~j wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ wbY©q Ki| 4
50
 11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj 891
M Z…Zxq msL¨v n‡jv = 02̇5̇
K cÖ_g fMœvsk `ywU h_vµ‡g 0006̇ Ges 09̇2̇|
25
6 1 02̇5̇ Gi fMœvsk n‡e = 99
0006̇ fMœvsk iƒc = 900 = 150
25
92 Gi eM©g~j n‡e =Error! = Error! = Error! = 05025
09̇2̇ Gi fMœvsk iƒc = 99 99
= 0503
L fMœvsk wZbwU‡K m`„k Ki‡Z n‡j Abve„Ë As‡k A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 25
 Gi eM©g~j 0503 (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ)
Ges Ave„Ë As‡k A¼ msL¨v n‡e 1, 2 Ges 3 Gi jmv¸ 6| GLb 99
Ave„Ë `kwgK¸‡jv‡K m`„k `kwg‡K cwieZ©b K‡i †hvM Kiv n‡jv-
 2 14 p
K p I q c~Y©msL¨v Ges q  o n‡j, q AvKv‡ii msL¨v‡K g~j` msL¨v ejv
K. g~j` msL¨v Kx? 2 3 11
nq| †hgb : 1 = 3, 2 = 55 BZ¨vw` g~j` msL¨v| g~j` msL¨v‡K `yBwU
L. cÖ`Ë msL¨v؇qi gv‡S `yBwU g~j` Ges `yBwU Ag~j`
msL¨v wbY©q Ki| 4 c~Y©msL¨vi AbycvZ wn‡m‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq| myZivs mKj c~Y©msL¨v Ges
M. †`LvI †h, cÖ_g msL¨vwU GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| 4 mKj fMœvsk msL¨v n‡e g~j` msL¨v|
 13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L cÖ`Ë cÖ_g msL¨v 2 = 14142 
Ges wØZxq msL¨v 14
g‡b Kwi,
a = 140010001
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  25
Ges b = 140020002 134
¯úóZ : a I b DfqB `yBwU ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges DfqB 14 A‡cÿv eo ev, 1  3  4
Ges 2 A‡cÿv †QvU| ev, 1  3  2
A_©vr 14  140010001  2 myZivs 3, 1 †_‡K eo wKš‘ 2 †_‡K †QvU|
Ges 14  40020002  2 AZGe, 3 c~Y©msL¨v bq|
Avevi, a I b †K fMœvsk AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq|  3 g~j` msL¨v A_ev Ag~j` msL¨v|
A_©vr a I b DfqB g~j` msL¨v| p
hw` 3 g~j` msL¨v nq, Z‡e aiv hvq, 3 = q, †hLv‡b p I q DfqB
 a I b DfqB g~j` msL¨v hv 14 I 2 Gi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z|
¯^vfvweK msL¨v, q  1 mn‡gŠwjK (p I q Gi g‡a¨ 1 wfbœ †Kv‡bv
Avevi, g‡b Kwi,
mvaviY Drcv`K †bB)|
c = 14003000300003 
p2
Ges d = 14004000400004 d‡j, 3 = q2 [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
¯úóZ : c I d DfqB `yBwU ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges DfqB 14 A‡cÿv eo p2
ev, 3q = q [Dfqcÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
Ges 2 A‡cÿv †QvU|
3q ¯úóZ c~Y© msL¨v| Acic‡ÿ, p2 Ges q Gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv mvaviY
A_©vr 14  14003000300003  2
Drcv`K †bB| †h‡nZz p Ges q Gi †Kv‡bv mvaviY Drcv`K †bB,
Ges 14  14004000400004  2
p2
Avevi, c I d †K fMœvsk AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv| myZivs q c~Y© msL¨v bq|
A_©vr, c I d DfqB Ag~j` msL¨v| p2
myZivs q , 3q Gi mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv|
 c I d DfqB Ag~j` msL¨v hv 14 I 2 Gi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z|
p
M D`vniY 1 Gi cÖwZÁv ( 2 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v) Ask †`L|  3 Gi gvb q AvKv‡i †Kv‡bv msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i bv|
 62309, 3 4 myZivs 3 Ag~j` msL¨v|
K. cÖ_g fMœvskwU‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2  5 7̇, 83̇4̇, 62̇45̇
L. 2q I 3q msL¨v `yBwUi g‡a¨ `yBwU Ag~j` msL¨v
K. fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2
wbY©q Ki| 4
L. ÔKÕ †Z cÖvß cÖ_g `yBwU fMœvsk †hvM K‡i `kwgK
M. cÖ`Ë msL¨v wZbwUi g‡a¨ †KvbwU Ag~j` msL¨v?
fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| fMœvskwU 2q fMœvskwUi m`„k
hyw³ mnKv‡i cÖgvY Ki| 4
wKbv KviYmn †jL| 4
 14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
M. ÔLÕ †Z cÖvß †hvMdj †_‡K 62̇45̇ we‡qvM K‡i
K cÖ`Ë cÖ_g fMœvsk = 62309 we‡qvMdj mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
62309
=  15bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
10000
2309 57  5 52
=6
10000
K 57̇ = 9
=
9
2309 834  8 826
wb‡Y©q fMœvsk 6
10000 83̇4̇ = = 99
99
L cÖ`Ë 2q msL¨v 3 =17320508Ges 3q msL¨v 4 6245  6 6239
62̇45̇ = =
999 999
g‡b Kwi, a = 2030033000333
b = 2505500555  52 826
L ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß fMœvsk n‡jv 9 I 99
¯úóZ : a I b DfqB `yBwU ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges DfqB 3 A‡cÿv eo
52 826 572 + 826 1398
Ges 4 A‡cÿv †QvU|  + = =
9 99 99 99
A_©vr 3  2030033000333  4 99) 1398 (141212
99
Ges 3  2505500555  4
408
Avevi, a I b †K fMœvsk AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv|
396
 a I b `yBwU wb‡Y©q Ag~j` msL¨v| 120
[ Giƒc AmsL¨ Ag~j` msL¨v wbY©q Kiv hvq|] 99
M cÖ`Ë msL¨v wZbwU n‡”Q h_vµ‡g 62309, 3 Ges 4 msL¨v wZbwUi 210
g‡a¨ 3 Ag~j` msL¨v| 198
Avgiv Rvwb, 120
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  26
99 7875959
= 999999
210
7875959
198 wb‡Y©q mvaviY fMœvsk = 999999
12
2 2
1398 
 99
= 141212  = 1412 K. msL¨v `ywUi ga¨eZ©x GKwU K‡i g~j` I Ag~j`
Avevi 2q fMœvskwU 8 3̇4̇ msL¨v †jL| 2
L. msL¨v `ywUi g‡a¨ †KvbwU Ag~j` Ges †Kb Zvi
141̇2̇Ges 8 3̇4̇ fMœvsk `yBwU m`„k Ave„Ë fMœvsk| KviY `yBwU
cÖgvY `vI| 4
fMœvs‡kB Abve„Ë I Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v mgvb|
M. g~j` msL¨vwUi eM©g~j wbY©q Ki (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb
M ÔLÕ †Z cÖvß fMœvsk 14 1̇2̇
ch©šÍ) Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb
GLb, 141̇2̇ †_‡K 62̇45̇ we‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| †jL| 4
msL¨v `yBwU‡Z Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v k~b¨| Avevi Ave„Ë As‡ki
 16bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
A¼ msL¨v h_vµ‡g 2 I 3 Ges Zv‡`i jmv¸ n‡jv 6| AZGe msL¨v
`yBwUi Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e k~b¨ I Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ K g~j` msL¨vwU n‡jv = 155555
msL¨v n‡e 6| GLb `kwgK msL¨v `yBwU‡K m`„k K‡i we‡qvM Kiv Ges Ag~j` msL¨vwU n‡jv = 1606006000
n‡jv| L msL¨v `ywUi g‡a¨ 2 Ag~j` msL¨v|
14 1̇2̇ = 14 1̇21212̇ 12 D`vniY- 1 Gi cÖwZÁv ( 2 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v) Ask †`L|
6 2̇45̇ = 62̇45245̇ 24 M g~j` msL¨vwU 2
(we‡qvM K‡i) 7 8̇75966̇ 88 Abykxjbx-1 Gi 11(K) Gi Abyiƒc|
wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj = 7 8̇75966̇  wb‡Y©q eM©g~j 1414 (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ)
7875966  7  `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb = 141 (cÖvq)
= 999999

m„Rbkxj cÖkœe¨vsK DËimn

1 8
 1, 0, 33, 13, 56̇39̇, 256, 9, 3, 5, 2
7 L cÖgvY Ki †h, 5 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| 4
M †`LvI †h, †h‡Kv‡bv we‡Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM©‡K 8 Øviv fvM Ki‡j
K Dc‡ii msL¨v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ g~j` I Ag~j` msL¨v wb‡`©k Ki| 2
cÖwZ‡ÿ‡Î 1 Aewkó _v‡K| 4
L 13 Gi gvb 6 `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ wbY©q K‡i †Zvgvi ÔKÕ Gi K 3, 3010010001
†kªwYweb¨v‡mi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4  1, 2, 3, 
M 3, 13, BZ¨vw` msL¨v¸‡jv‡K mvaviYfv‡e †jLv hvq x, †hLv‡b x
GKwU ¯^vfvweK msL¨v hv c~Y©eM© bq| †`LvI †h, Ag~j` msL¨v|
x
K we‡Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨v Kv‡K e‡j? 2
4
L †`LvI †h, †Kv‡bv we‡Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM© 4 Øviv wbt‡k‡l
1 8
K g~j` msL¨v¸‡jv n‡jv : 1, 0, 33, 56̇39̇, 256, 9, 5 Ges wefvR¨ bq| 4
7 M cÖgvY Ki †h, we‡Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM©I GKwU we‡Rvo msL¨v|
Ag~j` msL¨v¸‡jv n‡jv 13, 3, 2 L 13 = 3605551 
4
 = 1, 2, 3, 4,  517̇, 83̇4̇ 6032̇45̇
 19 513̇02̇
K cÖ`Ë msL¨v `yBwUi gv‡S GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v wbY©q Ki| 2
K 6032̇45̇ †K fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2 L wØZxq msL¨vwUi eM©g~j wbY©q Ki (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ) Ges `yB
L Dc‡ii wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvs‡ki †hvMdj †ei Ki| 4 `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ eM©g~‡ji Avmbœ gvb †ei Ki| 4
M cÖgvY Ki †h, c~Y©eM© bq Ggb †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM©g~j GKwU M msL¨v `yBwUi †KvbwU Ag~j` msL¨v †Zvgvi Dˇii c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|
Ag~j` msL¨v| 4 4
1621
K 6 49950 L 19553̇66457̇ K 501001000100001; L 2265,227
 3, 5 4  8 134
K †KvbwU g~j` I †KvbwU Ag~j` wb‡`©k Ki| 2
K 3 I 4 Gi gv‡S GKwU g~j` I GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v wbY©q Ki| 2 L 134 Gi wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ eM©g~j wbY©q Ki| 4
 ...................................................................................... cÖ_g Aa¨vq  ev¯Íe msL¨v ............................................................................................27
M cÖgvY Ki †h, 8 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| 4 K 8 Ag~j`, 134 g~j` L 1157