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Deadlock

Deadlock is a situation in programming where two or more threads are indefinitely blocked, typically due to each waiting for a resource held by the other. To avoid deadlocks, developers can establish a consistent order for acquiring locks, release them in reverse order, and minimize unnecessary locking. While deadlocks cannot be completely eliminated, following these strategies can significantly reduce their occurrence.

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2 views9 pages

Deadlock

Deadlock is a situation in programming where two or more threads are indefinitely blocked, typically due to each waiting for a resource held by the other. To avoid deadlocks, developers can establish a consistent order for acquiring locks, release them in reverse order, and minimize unnecessary locking. While deadlocks cannot be completely eliminated, following these strategies can significantly reduce their occurrence.

Uploaded by

entrib02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Deadlock

Deadlock
• Deadlock is a programming situation where two
or more threads are blocked forever, this
situation arises with at least two threads and two
or more resources.
• A deadlock has the following characteristics:
• It is two threads, each waiting for a lock from the
other.
• It is not detected or avoided.
• Deadlock can be avoided by:
• Deciding on the order to obtain locks
• Adhering to this order throughout
• Releasing locks in reverse order
Example
Deadlock
Object A = new Object();
Object B = new Object(); Thread 2:
synchronized(B)
Thread 1: {
synchronized(A) synchronized(A)
{ {
synchronized(B) //... }
{
} }
}
EX-1
public class DeadLockDemo {
public void method()
{
synchronized (String.class) {
System.out.println("Aquired lock on String.class object");
synchronized (Integer.class)
{
System.out.println("Aquired lock on Integer.class object");
}
}
}
EX-1-contnd
public void method2()
{
synchronized (Integer.class)
{
System.out.println("Aquired lock on Integer.class object");
synchronized (String.class)
{ System.out.println("Aquired lock on String.class object");
}
}}}
How to Avoid Deadlock in Java?
• Deadlocks cannot be completely resolved. But we can
avoid them by following basic rules mentioned below:
• Avoid Nested Locks: We must avoid giving locks to
multiple threads, this is the main reason for a deadlock
condition. It normally happens when you give locks to
multiple threads.
• Avoid Unnecessary Locks: The locks should be given to
the important threads. Giving locks to the unnecessary
threads that cause the deadlock condition.
• Using Thread Join: A deadlock usually happens when
one thread is waiting for the other to finish. In this
case, we can use join with a maximum time that a
thread will take.

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