SUBJECT: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
UNIT TITLE: SAMPLING AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS
LESSON TITLE: SAMPLING AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS
Learning Competency:
Identifies sampling distributions of statistics (sample mean).
Learning Objective:
Find the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
Gaining
Gaining CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Attention:
S A M
WORDS TO P L I N G Z Q N W S Look for the five
M U O B
FIND D U R K R E O R T statistical terms in the
N Y D U W O T E B T I Y A crossword puzzle.
B R N M R E T Q X U T I T
RANDOM
Q G A N A E S P M O U P I
C A R
SAMPLING I M T S A J A B S S
W V T A Z A I L K D I F T
STATISTIC
X X R R F C S O Y G R H I Available from
https://creazilla-
PARAMETE
D A S H C R I E N J T K C
store.fra1.digitaloc
ea
nspaces.com/clipa
P
R C N A I R A V F Z S L B rts
/37443/mechanic-
P M D S O Y T W Q B I V Z man-research-
DISTRIBUTIO clipart- md.png
N B G U P U R E M N D C X
N
Presentation/Content:
According to De Guzman (2017), in this lesson you will learn how to construct sampling distribution of sample means.
A random sampling is a selection of n elements derived from a population N, which is the subject of the investigation or experiment, which eac
A statistic is a number which describes sample. It can be directly computed and observed. An example of a statistic is the sample mean, which s
A sampling distribution is the probability distribution when all possible samples of size n are repeatedly drawn from a population.
A parameter is a descriptive measure of a population. While a statistic can be directly computed and observed, the value of a parameter can be
Construct a sampling distribution of the mean and a histogram for the set of data below.
8689929598
SOLUTION:
The following are examples of statistics: The following are examples of parameters:
Sample Mean Population Mean
Sample standard deviation Population standard deviation
Sample median Population median
EXAMPLE: Sampling
1 Distribution of Sample Means
STEP 1
Solve for the population mean. Σ𝑋 86+89+92+95+98
µ= 𝑁 = 5 = 92.
2
STEP 2 RANDOM SAMPLE (n = SAMPLE MEAN
Construct all random 3) (x̄ ) To get the sample mean
samples consisting of three 86, 89, 92 89
observations (n = 3) from the 86, 89, 95 90
𝚺𝑿 𝟖𝟔+𝟖𝟗+𝟗𝟐
given data set. Arrange the 86, 89, 98 91 µ= =
𝑵 𝟑
observations in ascending order
86, 92, 95 91
without replacement and = 89
repetition. Then get the sample 86, 92, 98 92
𝟏 because 89,
mean of each random sample. 86, 95, 98 93
See the table. 89, 92, 95 92 𝟏𝟎
89, 92, 98 93 90, 94, and 95
appeared only once out of 10 total sample mea
89, 95, 98 94
92, 95, 98 95
1
10
Observe that 89, 90, 94, and 95 appeared only once; thus, their probability is P(x) = or 0.1.
𝟐
𝟏𝟎
Since 91, 92, and 93 appeared twice, their probability is P(x) = or 0.2.
SAMPLE MEAN (x̄ ) PROBABILITY
STEP 3 89 0.1
Construct the sampling 90 0.1
distribution of the sample means. 91 0.2
Observe that the total probability 92 0.2
of all of the sample means must be equal 0.1 or 𝟏
𝟏𝟎
93 0.2
to 1. 94 0.1
95 0.1 Decimal
Fraction
TheSTEP 4
formulas for getting the sample mean and population mean are as follows:
Construct the histogram for the
For the mean
sample means.of a sample:
where x̄ - is the sample mean;
xi – are the values of observations in the sample; and
n – is the total number of observations in the
samples.
MEAN AND VARIANCE OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION
According to Belecina et al.(2016), statisticians do not just describe the variation of the individual data values about the mean of the population
The mean, also known as the average, is calculated by dividing the sum of the observations by the total number of observations.
The variance is defined as the average of the squared deviations from the mean. The square root of this variance is known as the standard dev
3
For the mean of a population:
where µ - is the population mean;
Xi – are the values of observations in the
population; and
N – is the total number of observations in
the population.
Now that we have learned how to compute for the mean, let us recall how to find the variance of a set of data.
The formulas for the variances of a sample and a population are as follows:
For the variance and sample standard deviation of a sample data:
where s² - is the variance of the sample;
s – is the sample standard deviation;
x̄ - is the sample mean;
xi – are the values of observations in the
sample; and
n – is the total number of observations in the sample.
For the variance and standard deviation of a
population:
σ² - is the variance of the population;
σ – is the population standard deviation;
µ - is the population mean;
Xi – are the values of observations in the
population; and
N – is the total number of observations in
the population.
EXAMP This is an example of finding the sample standard deviation and
Find the sample standard deviation and variance of the following heights (in centimeters) of 10
plants:
4 12 14 15 20 19 18 17 16 25
Construct a table by following the steps below. STEP 1: Arrange the values in increasing
order, as seen in the first column.
STEP 2: Compute from the sample mean
as follows:
STEP 3: Get the individual deviations
from the mean,
(x - x̄ ), as seen in the second column.
4
STEP 4: Square each deviation obtained in the second column and write the results in the
third column (x - x̄)².
STEP 5: Find the sum of the squared deviation as follows:
STEP 6: Divide the sum obtained in step 5 Thus, the sample standard deviation is:
by n – 1 to get the sample variance,
as shown below.
Eliciting Performance
1. Find the sample mean, sample variance, and sample standard deviation of the given data set:
10 15 20 25 30 35
xi x̄ - xi (x̄ - xi)2
SOLUTION:
Compute for the sample Compute for the sample Compute for the standard
mean: variance: deviation:
=
_
= = _
= = √
Bibliography:
Belecina, R., et al. (2016). Rex Book Store, Inc., Statistics and Probability, Sampling and Sampling Distributions, p. 101
De Guzman, D. (2017). C & E Publishing, Inc., Statistics & Probability, Sampling and Sampling Distributions, p. 62
Prepared by:
FLORENCE T. SUGAY
Contact Number: 0930-672-1689
FB/Messenger Account: Florence Timbang Sugay
Gmail account: florence.sugay@ktla.online
