Design Manual for B31.

3 - 2022

For CSiPlant™

Steel Frame Design Manual

ISO PLA072523M16 Rev. 0 August 2023

Proudly developed in the United States of America
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 Contents

1 Nomenclature ........................................................................................................ 1

2 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 4

3 Methodology .......................................................................................................... 5
3.1 Design Category ............................................................................................................ 5
Pressure............................................................................................................ 5
Sustained .......................................................................................................... 5
Occasional ........................................................................................................ 5
Displacement .................................................................................................... 5
Hydrostatic ........................................................................................................ 5
3.2 Pressure Checks............................................................................................................ 5
3.3 Sustained Checks .......................................................................................................... 7
3.4 Occasional Checks ........................................................................................................ 8
3.5 Displacement Checks .................................................................................................... 9

4 Design Properties.................................................................................................12
4.1 Material Property Design Properties............................................................................ 12
4.2 Load case Design Properties....................................................................................... 12
4.3 Pipe Section Design Properties ................................................................................... 13
4.4 Pipe Object Design Properties..................................................................................... 14

5 Stress Intensification and Flexibility Factors .....................................................15

5.1 Axial SIF....................................................................................................................... 15

6 Design Preferences ..............................................................................................16

6.1 Longitudinal Pressure Stress....................................................................................... 17

7 Elongation / Stiffness Settings ............................................................................18

8 Limitations ............................................................................................................20

See Also.....................................................................................................................21

References.................................................................................................................22

i
 1 Nomenclature

Nominal Pipe cross sectional area.

Sum of the Material Allowances for corrosion, erosion and

threading.

Inside diameter of Pipe.

Outside diameter of Pipe.

Youngs modulus at operating temperature.

Youngs modulus at ambient temperature.

Joint efficiency factor,

, or Casting quality factor, , taken
from Mandatory Appendix A of ASME B31.3-2022.

Maximum value of stress range factor. 1.2 for ferrous metals

with specified minimum Tensile Strength < 517 MPa (75 ksi)
and at metal temperatures below 371°C (700°F); otherwise
=1.0.

Stress intensification factor for axial stress (Displacement design

category). Is taken as 1.0 for elbows, bends and miter bends and
= for other components.

Stress intensification factor for in-plane bending (Displacement

design category).

Stress intensification factor for torsion (Displacement design

category).

Adjustment due to bend radius. For straight piping, = 1.0.

Stress intensification factor for axial stress (Sustained,

Occasional, or Hydrostatic Test design categories). Is taken as
1.00 unless user specified as otherwise.

1
CSiPlant Design Manual ASME B31.3 - 2022

Stress intensification factor for in-plane bending (Sustained,

Occasional, or Hydrostatic Test design categories). Is taken as
the greater of 0.75 or 1.00.

Stress intensification factor for out-of-plane bending. (Sustained,

Occasional, or Hydrostatic Test design categories). Is taken as
the greater of 0.75 or 1.00.

Stress intensification factor for torsion. (Sustained, Occasional,

or Hydrostatic Test design categories). Is taken as the greater of
0.75 or 1.00.

Duration factor.

In-plane Moment for Sustained, Occasional and Hydrostatic Test

design categories (including pressure and weight). For the
displacement design category, represents the moment range.

Out-of-plane Moment for Sustained, Occasional and Hydrostatic

Test design categories (including pressure and weight). For the
displacement design category, represents the moment range.

Torsional Moment for Sustained, Occasional and Hydrostatic

Test design categories (including pressure and weight). For the
displacement design category, represents the moment range.

Number of cycles of the reference displacement stress range.

Number of cycles associated stress range, .

Internal gage Design pressure.

External gage Design pressure.

Test pressure.

Mean radius of pipe.

Bend radius of pipe bend.

Basic material allowable stress at the minimum temperature

during the reference stress range.

The product of and either the Joint efficiency factor,

, or Casting Quality factor, .

2
CSiPlant Design Manual ASME B31.3 - 2022

Hoop stress used in the calculation of longitudinal pressure

stress.

Basic material allowable stress at the maximum temperature

during the reference stress range.

Any computed stress range other than the reference range.

Material yield strength at test temperature.

Moment about the Pipe 1-1 axis.

Annual duration of occasional load occurrence.

Minimum required wall thickness.

Nominal wall thickness of pipe.

The manufacturing tolerance expressed as a percentage.

Thickness of pipe matching branch.

Thickness of pipe matching run of Tee or header, excluding

reinforcing.

Effective branch wall thickness, lesser of or for

displacement design checks or 0.75 for all other categories.

Weld strength reduction factor from Table 302.3.5. For piping

not in the creep regime, = 1.0.

Coefficient from Table 304.1.1 of ASME B31.3-2022 for t <

D/6, otherwise =

Elastic section modulus.

Effective section modulus of branch, = .

3
 2 Introduction

This manual describes the ASME B31.3-2022 piping stress checks performed in CSiPlant.

4
 3 Methodology

3.1 Design Category

ASME B31.3-2022 categorizes loading depending on the source of the load and the corresponding
system response. The categories for checking piping stress are as follows:

Pressure
The pressure category is used to evaluate the piping hoop stress due to internal or external pressure
and takes into consideration material allowances such as corrosion, erosion and mechanical threading.

Sustained
The sustained category evaluates longitudinal stress due to self-weight, pressure and any other
sustained loading.

Occasional
The occasional category evaluates longitudinal stress due to self-weight, pressure, other sustained
loading and occasional loads including earthquake.

Displacement
The displacement category evaluates longitudinal stress range due to the effects of thermal expansion
or other cyclic loading.

Hydrostatic
The Hydrostatic Test category evaluates longitudinal and hoop stress range due to the effects of Test
pressure and self-weight.

3.2 Pressure Checks

The Pressure checks for ASME B31.3-2022 present two results, the required minimum thickness and
a Demand-Capacity ratio (DCR).

Equation (1) and (2) present two methods for calculating the minimum thickness. The equation used
depends on whether diameter or outside diameter is used for the calculation (See the Design
Preferences section).

Design Category 5
CSiPlant Design Manual ASME B31.3-2022 Methodology

If the pipe being designed is a bend or elbow, the required thickness is modified by the variable I and
is calculated at three different locations on the pipe circumference using equations (3), (4) and (5).
CSiPlant reports the required thickness for all three locations for a bend or elbow.

The provided pipe thickness must be no less than the required minimum thickness. CSiPlant
calculates the provided wall thickness as shown in equation (6).

= + (1)
2( + )
( +2 )
= + (2)
2 (1 )

4( ) 1
= (at Intrados) (3)
4( ) 2

4( )+1
= (at Extrados) (4)
4( )+2

= 1.0(at Centerline) (5)

= (100 )/100 (6)

The DCR calculation for non-mitered pipe is the ratio of the Design Pressure to the Allowable
Pressure, calculated as shown in equation (7) and (8) by rearranging equations (1) and (2)
respectively, replacing with .

2
= (7)
2

2
= (8)
2 +2

For pipe that is mitered, equations (9), (10) and (11) are used. For multiple miters, the largest DCR
from (9) and (10) is reported. For single miters with a miter angle not greater than 22.5 deg, equation
(7) is used to calculate the DCR. Otherwise, equation (11) is used.

= (9)
+ 0.643

= (10)
0.5

Pressure Checks 6
CSiPlant Design Manual ASME B31.3-2022 Methodology

= (11)
+ 1.25

3.3 Sustained Checks

The Sustained checks for ASME B31.3-2022 compares the longitudinal stress due to sustained loads
(such as pressure and weight) with the allowable stress.

The sustained longitudinal stress is calculated using equations (12) through (19).

= (| |+ ) + (2 ) (12)

= (13)

= + (14)

= + 0.5 (15)

( )
= + (16)

( ) +( ) (17)
=

( ) +( )
= (18)

= (19)
2
By default, section properties for Sustained design checks are based on nominal dimensions less
material allowance.

Equations (13) is used when Pressure elongation is enabled. Equation (14) is used if Pressure
elongation is disabled and the Pipe Reference diameter is set to Inside. Equation (15) is used if
Pressure elongation is disabled and the Pipe Reference diameter is set to Outside. Equation (16) is
the Lame Hoop stress at the inside radius.

The default option (as required by ASME B31.3-2022) is to use equation (17) to calculate the bending
stress, when stress intensification factors are determined by ASME B31J. Equation (18) is
available for backward compatibility when designing tees by choosing an SIF method other than
B31J.

Sustained Checks 7
CSiPlant Design Manual ASME B31.3-2022 Methodology

The allowable stress for Sustained checks, , is taken from Table A-1 or A-1M in Appendix A.

A DCR is calculated as the ratio of the longitudinal stress to allowable stress.

= (20)

3.4 Occasional Checks

The Occasional check for ASME B31.3-2022 compares the longitudinal stress due to Occasional
loads (such as wind and earthquake) and coexistent sustained loads (such as pressure and weight)
with the allowable stress.

The occasional longitudinal stress is calculated using equations (21) through (28).

= (| |+ ) + (2 ) (21)

= (22)

= + (23)

= + 0.5 (24)

( )
= + (25)

( ) +( ) (26)
=

( ) +( )
= (27)

= (28)
2
By default, section properties for occasional design checks are based on nominal dimensions less
material allowance.

Equations (22) is used when Pressure elongation is enabled. Equation (23) is used if Pressure
elongation is disabled and the Pipe Reference diameter is set to Inside. Equation (24) is used if
Pressure elongation is disabled and the Pipe Reference diameter is set to Outside. Equation (25) is
the Lame Hoop stress at the inside radius.

Occasional Checks 8
CSiPlant Design Manual ASME B31.3-2022 Methodology

The default option (as required by ASME B31.3-2022) is to use equation (26) to calculate the bending
stress, when stress intensification factors are determined by ASME B31J.Equation (27) is available
for backward compatibility when designing tees by choosing an SIF method other than B31J.

The allowable stress for occasional design checks can be based on three different methods: Allowable
strength with K Factor greater than 1, Yield strength with K Factor less than 1 or a constant stress
limit. A DCR is calculated as the ratio of the longitudinal stress to allowable stress.

= (29)

3.5 Displacement Checks

The Displacement check for ASME B31.3-2022 compares the longitudinal stress range due to
displacement loads (such as thermal loads or settlement) to an allowable stress taking into account
the cyclic nature of the loading.

The longitudinal stress for the reference stress range is calculated using equations (30) through (34).
The default option (as required by ASME B31.3-2022) is to use equation (32) to calculate the bending
stress, when stress intensification factors are determined by ASME B31J. Equation (33) is
available for backward compatibility when designing tees by choosing an SIF method other than
B31J.

= (| |+ ) + (2 ) (30)

= (31)

( ) +( ) (32)
=

( ) +( )
= (33)

= (34)
2
By default, section properties for displacement design checks are based on nominal dimensions.

The reference stress range is the largest stress range from any given cyclic load. It is important to
recognize that the reference stress range can vary within a model, and even within a pipeline,
depending on the system response to the displacement loads. At every location checked, the reference
stress range is determined using (30).

In addition to checking the stress range from the user-defined displacement load cases, it is necessary
to evaluate the stress range going from one operating condition to another. CSiPlant automatically
considers this stress range by creating internal load cases that are ‘distilled’ from the user-defined

Displacement Checks 9
CSiPlant Design Manual ASME B31.3-2022 Methodology

displacement cases included in the design request. A distilled load case is calculated as the difference
between two user-defined displacement cases. The distilled stress range is independent of the load
case order when the difference is taken because of the square-root-sum-of-squares nature of the stress
calculation. Generally speaking:

• When the user-defined displacement cases for a given distilled case have operating
temperatures that are both above or below the installation temperature, the internal forces
and moments from the defined load cases will be of the same sign. The distilled case will
therefore return smaller values (e.g. 2-1 = 1), and correspondingly lower stresses. In this
situation, the displacement results will be controlled by the defined cases.
• When a combination of operating conditions above and below the installation temperature
exist, the internal forces and moments from the defined load cases will be of different sign.
The difference will therefore return larger values (e.g. 2-(-1) = 3), and correspondingly
larger stresses. In this situation, the displacement results will be controlled by the distilled
cases.

Consider the simplified example below of a single straight built-in pipe with area of 16.05 in2, E =
29400 ksi, installation temperature is 70°F, thermal expansion coefficient is 6.5E-6 (in/in)/°F.
Condition (a) T1 = 170°F, T2 = 80°F. Condition (b) T1 = 170°F, T2 = 60°F. In both Condition (a)
and (b), T2 is 10°F from the installation temperature. The internal axial forces for the different
conditions are summarized below.

Case Case type Condition (a) Condition (b)

GR->T1+(-GR) User-defined 306.7 kip 306.7 kip
GR->T2+(-GR) User-defined 30.7 kip -30.7 kip
[GR->T1+(-GR)]- Distilled 276.0 kip 337.4 kip
[GR->T2+(-GR)]
Controlling GR->T1+(-GR) [GR->T1+(-GR)]-
[GR->T2+(-GR)]
In addition, the allowable stress is heavily influenced by the cyclic nature of the displacement loads.
For displacement loading that is non-cyclic (such as support settlement), the allowable stress is
calculated as shown in equation (35).

= 3.0 (35)

For displacement loading that is cyclic (such as thermal elongation, wave loading), it is necessary to
consider the influence of the number of cycles at each stress range. The allowable stress for
displacement checks is calculated using either equation (36) or (37) (if > ). and are
limited to a maximum of 20 ksi for all materials.

= (1.25 + 0.25 ) (36)

= (1.25 + 1.25 ) (37)

. (38)
= 20( )

= + for i = 1, 2, … , n (39)

Displacement Checks 10
CSiPlant Design Manual ASME B31.3-2022 Methodology

A DCR is calculated as the ratio of the longitudinal stress to allowable stress.

= (40)

Displacement Checks 11
 4 Design Properties

When performing design checks in accordance with B31.3-2022 it is necessary to provide the
following information.

• Material Property Design properties

• Load case Design Properties
• Pipe Section Design Properties
• Pipe Object Design Properties

4.1 Material Property Design Properties

Y Material Type (Default = Ferritic)
The desired material type for program calculation of Y factor used in the Pressure Design checks,
according to Table 104.1.2(A).

Y Method (Default = Program Determined)

The method used to specify the Y factor. Either “Program Determined” or “User”.

W Material Type ((Default = Carbon (Norm.))

The desired material type for program calculation of W factor used in the Pressure Design checks,
according to Table 102.4.7.

W Method (Default = Program Determined)

The method used to specify the W factor. Either “Program Determined” or “User”.

4.2 Load case Design Properties

Annual Duration
Used for Occasional Design Checks to determine the K Factor when Program Determined is specified
as the K Factor Mode.

Operating Duration
Used for Occasional Design Checks to determine the K Factor when Program Determined is specified
as the K Factor Mode.

Material Property Design Properties 12

CSiPlant Design Manual ASME B31.3-2022 Design Properties

K Factor Mode (Default = Program Determined)

Used for Occasional Design Checks to specify how the K Factor is calculated. Setting to User allows
the K factor to be specified directly.

K Factor Basis (Default = On Allowable)

The K factor Basis is only visible when K Factor Mode is set to “User”. Three bases are available for
the calculation of allowable stress for Occasional Stress.

If the K Factor Mode is specified as User, the K factor can be applied in the following manners based
on the value of the K Factor Basis:

K Factor Basis Approach

On Allowable K Factor is applied to the material allowable
stress at operating temperature.
On Yield K Factor is applied to the material yield stress at
operating temperature.
On Stress Limit The stress limit is specified directly and is
constant for all temperatures.
K Factor
The factor, k, is used to define the allowable stress in Occasional Design Checks. If K Factor
Mode is specified as Program Determined, the property is read only and has the value of 1.33.

Stress Limit (Default = 0)

Specifies the Stress to be used as the allowable stress in Occasional Design Checks. Only visible
when K Factor Mode is set to “User” and K Factor Basis is set to “On Stress Limit”

Number of Cycles (Default = 0)

Used for Displacement Design Checks when Stress Factor Mode in the Design Request Preferences
is specified as Program Determined. The default setting is for Non-Cyclic displacement, therefore,
equation 10 is used to calculate the allowable stress. If the loading is cyclic, it is necessary to specify
a non-zero number of cycles. The allowable stress for cyclic displacement loading is calculated using
either equation 11a or 11b.

4.3 Pipe Section Design Properties

Material Allowance (Default = Basic – (0in, 0in))
The desired material allowances for the inside and outside of the pipe section. The option exists for
the user to specify the different contributions to material allowance from corrosion, erosion and
machining. Pressure Design Checks require consideration of material allowance while all other
design checks have the option to consider material allowance based on the Design Request Preference
settings.

Pipe Tolerance (Default = 12.5%)

The pipe tolerance used for the calculation of the provided thickness. Due to manufacturing
tolerance, the provided wall thickness can be less than the nominal wall thickness. Used in the
Pressure Design Checks.

Pipe Section Design Properties 13

CSiPlant Design Manual ASME B31.3-2022 Design Properties

4.4 Pipe Object Design Properties

By default, the design properties for individual pipe objects are defined in the Design Request. It is
possible to override the Request level design settings on individual objects by changing the Overwrite
flag from “From Request Settings” to “User Value”.

Tee Type (Default = As Defined)

Specifies if the modelled Tee Type is used for developing SIFs.

Overridden Tee Type

The available Tees to override the modelled Tee Type. Only visible if Tee Type is set to Overridden.

Elbow Thickness Overwrite (Default = As Defined)

Specifies if the thickness used in SIF/Flex calculations is from the section assignment or from the
overwrite value.

Custom Elbow Thickness (Default = from section assignment)

The value used for elbow wall thickness in the SIF/Flex calculations if the Elbow Thickness
Overwrite is set to Overridden.

Flexibility Factor Mode

Specifies which method is used to determine the flexibility factors, k, for in-plane, out-of-plane and
torsion.

SIF Mode
Specifies which method is used to determine the stress intensification factors, i, for in-plane, out-of-
plane and torsion.

Flexibility Factor
Specifies which method is used to determine the flexibility factors, k, for in-plane, out-of-plane and
torsion.

Stress Intensification Factor

If the Mode is set to User. The fields become editable and user specified values can be provided,
otherwise values are read only.

Supplemental Checks
Provides access to supplemental design properties.

Pipe Object Design Properties 14

 5 Stress Intensification and Flexibility Factors

ASME B31.3-2022 requires that during analysis, the stiffness of piping objects be modified to reflect
observed experimental differences from the theoretical stiffness. ASME B31.3-2022 also requires
that in the stress design checks, stresses are modified to reflect local stress effects.

Flexibility factors are used to modify the piping object stiffness. Stress Intensification Factors (SIFs)
are used to modify the stress results.

The default SIF and Flexibility factors in ASME B31.3-2022 are to be taken from ASME B31J. Note
that it is still possible to select other sources for SIF and Flexibility factors but doing so will revert to
the design equations from earlier code versions (axial SIF is not considered, effective tee branch
section properties, etc.) and it is the responsibility of the engineer to establish the suitability of using
any SIF and Flexibility factors. In addition to B31J-2017 “Stress Intensification Factors (i-Factors),
Flexibility Factors (k-Factors), CSiPlant supports ASME B31.3-2018 Appendix D, ASME B31.1
Appendix D, ASME B31.8 Appendix D.

CSiPlant automatically determines the Flexibility factors and the SIFs based on the selected method
and the necessary design information for the object. It is also possible to specify User values for all
relevant SIFs and Flexibility factors.

5.1 Axial SIF

B31.3-2022 makes recommendations for axial SIF that were not included in previous code versions.
Per the guidance for the code:

For Displacement Checks, = 1.0 for elbows, pipe bends and miter bends. For all other
components, = . For Non-Displacement Checks (Sustained, Occasional, HydroTest), = 1.0.

If values other than the default are required for or , user values for Displacement Check and
Non-Displacement can be specified.

Axial SIF 15
 6 Design Preferences

In addition to pipe object design properties, there are also Request level design preferences that allow
control over the Pipe objects included in the request. As each Design Request has its own Design
Preferences, it is necessary to update all applicable Design Requests for behavior other than the
default.

Pipe Reference Diameter (Default = Outside)

Specifies the basis for the Pressure design check and also the pressure term of Sustained, Occasional
and Hydrostatic Test.

SIF Mode (Default = ASME B31J)

Specifies the method used to calculate the SIFs for the current Design Request.

Flexibility Factor Mode (Default = ASME B31J)

Specifies the method used to calculate the Flexibility Factors for the current Design Request.

Connection SIF Mode (Default = ASME B31J)

Specifies the method used to calculate the connection SIFs for the current Design Request.

Consider Material Allowance (Default varies by check)

Specifies if the material allowance is to be used for stress checks. The default is to consider material
allowance for Pressure, Sustained and Occasional Design Checks. Displacement and Hydrostatic Test
Design Checks do not consider material allowance by default.

Consider Sustained Stress (Default = yes)

Specifies if the allowable stress calculation during displacement design checks is based on Equation
11b.

Consider Temperature Scaling (Default = true)

Specifies if the stress results are scaled by the ratio of / during displacement design checks. Is
only considered if the displacement design check includes Stiffness Temperature Dependence.

Stress Factor Calculation Method (Default = User)

Specifies if the Stress factor used in Equation 11a or 11b for Displacement checks is user defined or
Program Determined.

Design Preferences 16
CSiPlant Design Manual ASME B31.3-2022 Design Preferences

Stress Factor (Default = 1.0)

Specifies the Stress factor used in Equation 11a or 11b for Displacement checks. Property is
only visible if Stress Factor Calculation Method is set as User.

6.1 Longitudinal Pressure Stress

Under pressure loading, longitudinal pressure stress develops that combines with other axial and
bending stresses.

If pressure elongation is included in the Design Request, CSiPlant calculates the axial force due to
pressure and combines them with the other axial forces during analysis. If pressure elongation is not
included, CSiPlant performs a manual calculation of the longitudinal pressure stress and combines it
to the design stress results. There are two possible forms considered for manual longitudinal pressure
stress (both assume unrestrained piping, i.e. no Poisson contraction).

Longitudinal Pressure Stress 17

 7 Elongation / Stiffness Settings

In the design request, under the Design Checks tab, the user can include different load effects directly
in the analysis. The settings can vary from Design Request to Design Request and do not affect the
base result set, only the Design Request result set.

There are three main load effects that can be controlled, and each design stress category has separate
controls.

A description of the load effects that can be controlled is given below:

• Include Stiffness Temperature Dependence: this setting enables CSiPlant to evaluate

Youngs modulus based on the temperature at a given step. The material behavior remains
linear and the changes in Youngs modulus are recoverable, meaning that when the
temperature load is removed, Youngs modulus returns to the pre-load value. For linear
analysis, the tangent stiffness (values at the start of the case) is used throughout.
• Include Pressure Elongation: this setting enables CSiPlant to include pipe pressure load
directly in the analysis. Two type of pressure load are considered; Poisson
contraction/elongation and End Cap/Pressure thrust loads. The magnitude of internal axial
force from analysis will depend on the degree of restraint for the pipeline being analyzed.
If this setting is disabled, no internal forces due to pressure are calculated at each step and
a longitudinal pressure stress term (assuming the piping is unrestrained) is manually added
to the design stress results based on the calculated pressures.
• Include Temperature Elongation: this setting enables CSiPlant to include thermal loads
directly in the analysis. If this setting is disabled, no internal forces due to temperature are
calculated and no thermal stress term is manually added to the results. The temperature at
each step is calculated and used in the design process for temperature dependent
calculations, such as design allowable stress.

Some common settings for Design:

• The displacement stress category includes Temperature elongation to capture the
expansion stresses and does not include typically include Stiffness Temperature
dependence as SIFs are calibrated at room temperature, or Pressure elongation (fluctuation
in pressure loading typically is not considered in the expansion stress calculation).
• Pressure stress category does not include Pressure Elongation, Temperature Elongation or
Stiffness Temperature dependence so there is no contribution to internal pipe forces or

Elongation / Stiffness Settings 18

CSiPlant Design Manual ASME B31.3-2022 Elongation / Stiffness Settings

moments. The pressure and temperatures are calculated for each step and used in the design
stress equations.
• Sustained/Occasional/HydroTest stress category does not include Pressure Elongation,
Temperature Elongation or Stiffness Temperature dependence so there is no contribution
to internal pipe forces or moments. The pressure and temperatures are calculated for each
step and used in the design stress equations. NOTE: If considering a restrained system,
it is necessary to include Pressure and Temperature Elongation to correctly capture
thermal and Poisson elongation.

Elongation / Stiffness Settings 19

 8 Limitations

The following limitations exist in the B31.3-2022 design checks implemented in CSiPlant:

1. High Pressure Checks are not currently implemented.

2. An equation form of longitudinal stress due to pressure for restrained piping is not
available. If restrained piping is being designed, it is recommended to enable
pressure and temperature elongation.

Limitations 20
 See Also

See also CSiPlant Help Documentation for:

• Load case definition

• Design Request definition
• Design Property definition
• Spring Hanger definition
• Supplemental Checks

See Also 21
 References

ASME, 2022. ASME B31.3-2022 Power Piping, ASME Code for Pressure Piping B31, January 2023.

L.C. Peng and T.L. Peng, “Pipe Stress Engineering”. ASME Press, June 2009

References 22