chapter 4 paper 2 [50 marks]

6x
Consider a function f(x), for x ≥ 0. The derivative of f is given by f'(x)= x2+4
.

1a. Show that 24−6x2 [4 marks]

f ''(x)= .
( x2+4 ) 2
 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
METHOD 1
evidence of choosing the quotient rule (M1)
vu'−uv'
eg
v2
derivative of 6x is6 (must be seen in rule) (A1)
derivative of x2 + 4 is 2x (must be seen in rule) (A1)
correct substitution into the quotient rule A1
6 ( x2+4 ) − ( 6x ) ( 2x )
eg
( x2+4 ) 2
24−6x2
f ''(x)= AG N0
( x2+4 ) 2

METHOD 2
evidence of choosing the product rule (M1)
eg vu' + uv'
derivative of 6x is 6 (must be seen in rule) (A1)
−1 −2
derivative of (x2 + 4) is −2x(x2 + 4) (must be seen in rule) (A1)
correct substitution into the product rule A1
−1 −2
eg 6(x2 + 4) +(−1)(6x)(2x)(x2 + 4)
24−6x2
f ''(x)= AG N0
( x2+4 ) 2

[4 marks]

The graph of f is concave-down when x > n.

1b. Find the least value of n. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
METHOD 1 (2nd derivative) (M1)
valid approach
eg f ''< 0, 24 − 6x2 < 0 , n = ±2, x = 2
n = 2 (exact) A1 N2

METHOD 2 (1st derivative)

valid attempt to find local maximum on f' (M1)
eg sketch with max indicated, (2, 1. 5), x = 2
n = 2 (exact) A1 N2

[2 marks]

Hyungmin designs a concrete bird bath. The bird bath is supported by a pedestal.
This is shown in the diagram.

The interior of the bird bath is in the shape of a cone with radius r, height h and a
constant slant height of 50 cm .

2a. Write down an equation in r and h that shows this information. [1 mark]
 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
h2 + r2 = 502 (or equivalent) (A1)

Note: Accept equivalent expressions such as r = √2500 − h 2 or

h = √2500 − r2 . Award (A0) for a final answer of ±√2500 − h2 or
±√2500 − r2 , or any further incorrect working.

[1 mark]

Let V be the volume of the bird bath.

2b. Show that V 2500πh πh3 [1 mark]

= 3
− 3
.

Markscheme
2
1
3
× π ×(2500 − h2 )×h OR 1
3
× π × (√2500 − h2 ) × h (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution in the volume of cone formula.

2500πh πh3
V = 3
− 3
(AG)

Note: The final line must be seen, with no incorrect working, for the (M1) to
be awarded.

[1 mark]

2c. Find dV . [2 marks]

dh
 Markscheme
( dV
dh
=) 2500π
3
− πh2 (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for 2500

3
−πh2 . Award at most (A1)(A0) if extra
π , (A1) for
3 2
terms are seen. Award (A0) for the term − πh3
.

[2 marks]

Hyungmin wants the bird bath to have maximum volume.

2d. Using your answer to part (c), find the value of h for which V is a [2 marks]
maximum.

Markscheme
2500π
0= 3
− πh2 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for equating their derivative to zero. Follow through from
part (c).

OR
sketch of dV
dh
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for a labelled sketch of dV dh

with the curve/axes correctly
labelled or the x-intercept explicitly indicated.

(h =) 28. 9 (cm) (√ 2500 50 50√3

3
, , 3 , 28. 8675 …) (A1)(ft)
√3

Note: An unsupported 28. 9 cm is awarded no marks. Graphing the function

V (h) is not an acceptable method and (M0)(A0) should be awarded. Follow
through from part (c). Given the restraints of the question, h ≥ 50 is not
possible.

[2 marks]
2e. Find the maximum volume of the bird bath. [2 marks]

Markscheme
3
2500×π×28.8675… π ( 28.8675… )
(V =) 3
− 3
(M1)
OR
1
3
π(40. 828 …)2 × 28. 8675 … (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for substituting their 28. 8675 … in the volume formula.

(V =) 50400 (cm 3 ) (50383. 3 …) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (d).

[2 marks]

2f. To prevent leaks, a sealant is applied to the interior surface of the bird [3 marks]
bath.
Find the surface area to be covered by the sealant, given that the bird bath
has maximum volume.

Markscheme
(S =) π × √2500 − (28. 8675 …)2 × 50 (A1)(ft)(M1)

Note: Award (A1) for their correct radius seen

(40. 8248 … , √2500 − (28. 8675 …)2 ).

Award (M1) for correctly substituted curved surface area formula for a cone.

(S =) 6410 (cm 2 ) (6412. 74 …) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from parts (a) and (d).

[3 marks]

4 2 ⩽ ⩽
 Let f (x) = x4 − 54x2 + 60x, for −1 ⩽ x ⩽ 6. The following diagram shows the
graph of f .

There are x-intercepts at x = 0 and at x = p. There is a maximum at point A

where x = a , and a point of inflexion at point B where x = b .

3a. Find the value of p. [2 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of valid approach (M1)
eg f (x) = 0, y = 0
1.13843
p = 1.14 A1 N2
[2 marks]

3b. Write down the coordinates of A. [2 marks]

Markscheme
0.562134, 16.7641
(0.562, 16.8) A2 N2
[2 marks]

3c. Find the equation of the tangent to the graph of f at A. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg tangent at maximum point is horizontal, f′ = 0
y = 16.8 (must be an equation) A1 N2
[2 marks]

3d. Find the coordinates of B. [5 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1 (using GDC)
valid approach M1
eg f ′′ = 0, max/min on f ′ , x = −3
sketch of either f ′ or f ′′ , with max/min or root (respectively) (A1)
x=3 A1 N1
substituting their x value into f (M1)
eg f (3)
y = −225 (exact) (accept (3, − 225)) A1 N1

METHOD 2 (analytical)
f ′′ = 12x2 − 108 A1
valid approach (M1)
eg f ′′ = 0, x = ±3
x=3 A1 N1
substituting their x value into f (M1)
eg f (3)
y = −225 (exact) (accept (3, − 225)) A1 N1

[5 marks]

3e. Find the rate of change of f at B. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
recognizing rate of change is f ′ (M1)
eg y ′ , f ′ (3)
rate of change is −156 (exact) A1 N2
[2 marks]

Let f (x) = x − 8, g (x) = x4 − 3 and h (x) = f (g (x)).

4a. Find h (x). [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to form composite (in any order) (M1)
eg f (x4 − 3), (x − 8)4 − 3
h (x) = x4 − 11 A1 N2
[2 marks]

4b. Let C be a point on the graph of h . The tangent to the graph of h at C is [5 marks]
parallel to the graph of f .
Find the x-coordinate of C.
 Markscheme
recognizing that the gradient of the tangent is the derivative (M1)
eg h′
correct derivative (seen anywhere) (A1)
h′ (x) = 4x3
correct value for gradient of f (seen anywhere) (A1)
f ′ (x) = 1, m = 1
setting their derivative equal to 1 (M1)
4x3 = 1
0.629960
x=√
3 1
4
(exact), 0.630 A1 N3

[5 marks]

27
Consider the function f (x) = − 16x, x ≠ 0.
x2

5a. Sketch the graph of y = f (x), for −4 ≤ x ≤ 3 and −50 ≤ y ≤ 100. [4 marks]
 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for axis labels and some indication of scale; accept y or f(x).
Use of graph paper is not required. If no scale is given, assume the given
window for zero and minimum point.
Award (A1) for smooth curve with correct general shape.
Award (A1) for x-intercept closer to y-axis than to end of sketch.
Award (A1) for correct local minimum with x-coordinate closer to y-axis than
end of sketch and y-coordinate less than half way to top of sketch.
Award at most (A1)(A0)(A1)(A1) if the sketch intersects the y-axis or if the
sketch curves away from the y-axis as x approaches zero.

[4 marks]

5b. Use your graphic display calculator to find the equation of the tangent to [2 marks]
the graph of y = f (x) at the point (–2, 38.75).
Give your answer in the form y = mx + c.
 Markscheme
y = −9.25x + 20.3 (y = −9.25 x + 20.25) (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for −9.25x, award (A1) for +20.25, award a maximum of
(A0)(A1) if answer is not an equation.

[2 marks]

5c. Sketch the graph of the function g (x) = 10x + 40 on the same axes. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct line, y = 10x + 40, seen on sketch (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for straight line with positive gradient, award (A1) for x-
intercept and y-intercept in approximately the correct positions. Award at
most (A0)(A1) if ruler not used. If the straight line is drawn on different axes
to part (a), award at most (A0)(A1).

[2 marks]

6. Differentiate from first principles the function f (x) = 3x3 − x. [5 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
METHOD 1
f(x+h)−f(x)
h
(3(x+h)3−(x+h))−(3x3−x)
= h
M1
3(x3+3x2h+3xh2+h3)−x−h−3x3+x
= h
(A1)
2 2 3
9x h+9xh +3h −h
= h
A1
cancelling
h M1
= 9x2 + 9xh + 3h2 − 1
lim
 lim
then h→0(9x2 + 9xh + 3h2 − 1)
= 9x2 − 1 A1
Note: Final A1 dependent on all previous marks.

METHOD 2
f(x+h)−f(x)
h
(3(x+h)3−(x+h))−(3x3−x)
= h
M1

3((x+h)3−x3)+(x−(x+h))
= h
(A1)

3h((x+h)2+x(x+h)+x2)−h
= h
A1
cancelling h M1

= 3 ((x + h)2 + x (x + h) + x2 ) − 1
lim
then h→0(3 ((x + h) + x (x + h) + x2 ) − 1)
2

= 9x2 − 1 A1
Note: Final A1 dependent on all previous marks.

[5 marks]

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