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Anth 1, Decoding Neanderthals Assign

The document is an assignment based on the film 'Decoding Neanderthals,' which includes questions about Neanderthal skull differences, Levallois technology, hafting techniques, DNA extraction challenges, the FOXP2 gene, interbreeding evidence, and symbolic behavior. It discusses Neanderthal cognitive abilities, tool-making processes, and the implications of shared DNA with modern humans. Additionally, it highlights the potential advantages of interbreeding regarding immune systems and disease adaptation.

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46 views2 pages

Anth 1, Decoding Neanderthals Assign

The document is an assignment based on the film 'Decoding Neanderthals,' which includes questions about Neanderthal skull differences, Levallois technology, hafting techniques, DNA extraction challenges, the FOXP2 gene, interbreeding evidence, and symbolic behavior. It discusses Neanderthal cognitive abilities, tool-making processes, and the implications of shared DNA with modern humans. Additionally, it highlights the potential advantages of interbreeding regarding immune systems and disease adaptation.

Uploaded by

savanahhoskins123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANTH M01

Dr. Brabant
savanah hoskins
“Nova: Decoding Neanderthals”

The following assignment is based on the film “Decoding Neanderthals.” Please use
complete sentences to answer the following questions and type your answers on this form.
Please submit this file as an email, Word doc, .docx, or pdf file.

1. How is a Neanderthal (archaic) skull different from an early modern human skull ?

- The Neanderthal skull is different from any early modern human skull because it's broad,
They have a double arched brow ridge, The middle of their face is poked forward, And
they're cheek bones are swept back.

2. What is so complex about Levallois technology? What does it indicate about Neanderthal
cognitive abilities that they were able to make these types of tools?

- What is complex about Levallois technology is that the way you strike the material has to
be so precise in order to get a certain result. This indicates that Neandrathals definitely
weren't dumb creatures.

3. How were Neandertals hafting stone tips to the end of spears? How complicated was the
process of producing the material used?

- Neandrathals were hafting stone tips to the end of spears by either tying it with a sort of
rope or gluing it with this sticky substance. Turns out the sticky substance was sap and
pitch from a tree and that was easy for them to find.

4. What are the challenges of extracting Neandertal DNA?

- Some challenges were that bone samples carried billions of bacteria. and that the
accuracy of the genome was very scattered since it was very few.

5. What does the FOXP2 gene do? How does the FOXP2 gene in Neanderthals compare to that
of modern humans? What are the implications of this?

- FOXP2 is a gene associated with language. FOXP2 compared to us are the same because
we share the same component. What can be implicated is that neanderthals communion
was key to their survival as a species.

6. How did Pääbo and his colleagues test the hypothesis of whether or not there was
interbreeding with Neandertals? What did they find?

- Pääbo and his colleagues tested the hypothesis that there was interbreeding with
neanderthals by mapping the genomes of five people from different ethnic groups. They
found that neanderthals were only matching Europeans and Asians than they were to
Africans and other ethnicities.

7. Which ethnic groups have Neanderthal DNA? Which ethnic groups have the greatest
contribution of Neandertal DNA?

- Mainly 1 in 4 in all ethnic groups but is very small. Europeans and Asians picked up
greater Neanderthal DNA.

8. What is the evidence for symbolic behavior among Neandertals?

- Some evidence of symbolic behavior was carvings and drawings in caves, seashells used
for pigment, different ornaments made, pencil tools made from bones, etc

9. What role might the immune system have played in interbreeding with Neandertals? What
selective advantage might breeding with Neandertals have posed for modern humans?

The role immune systems have played with interbreeding is that neanderthals would have better
immune systems than modern humans. so the gene passed on through the next generation. The
selective advantage breeding with neanderthals have posed for modern humans was the ability to
adapt to certain diseases so we wouldn't be wiped out as fast.

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