An alloy melting in the range A mixture of mercury A mixture of mercury and

of about 51° C to 260° C usually and another metal. silver tin alloy (Mercury does
contains Bi, Pb, Sn, etc. not form amalgam with Fe).

E.g
am
am

., of
lg

a lg
a
• Modify appearance and color.

m
am

A
• Increases hardness and tensile

alloy
Strength, hardress,

s
tal

:
strength. The elements which form positive ions by
durability, ductility,

F
Den

u
tensile strength and tals the loss of electrons. e.g., _Na, K, Zn Al, etc.
Me

sib
To enhance the hardness of metals. toughness.

le a
e.g., strength of iron is increased Ph
tion of

l lo
y s ic a
by making steel. ica s
l Properties Lustrous, good conductor of

ys
si f

as
ent heat and electricity, high m.p.,
em M

Cl
El
et malleable, ductile, etc.

a ll o y s
A metals made by mixing two all
o
typs of metals. together, e.g., t
id s

s of
In this process, conversion of Bauxite into

en
Brass is an alloy of Cu and Elements which show properties of both

r tie
alumina occurs. metal and non-metals e.g., boron, silicon,

pe
Re

Elem
Al2O3.2H2O+2NaOH 2NaAlO+3H 2 2
O as

ro
on Pur germanium, antimony, etc.
NaAlO2 +2H2O Al(OH)+NaOH 3
sf pos
e of P
or mak nc e
Heat All ing all rre
3
2Al(OH)3 1000°C Al2O+3H 2
O oyin
gs oys u • There are 118 different elements which are widely
cc

o
distributed in earth’s crust.

ls-
In this process, aluminium metal is E.g., Oxygen aluminimum, calcium and hydrogen.

ore
alloys

ta

ss:
obtained by electrolytic reduction of f making • Except hydrogen, the elements which form

ce
of
Method o

n
Me
alumina. negative ions by the gain of electrons e.g., carbon,

o
_

ti
3+

r
• By fusing metal together e.g.,

Allo y s
Cathode: 4Al_ +12e 4Al(l) nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen.
_

tra
Brass= Zn+Cu Non - metals are gases, liquid (Bromine) and

B
Anode: 6O2 3O (g)+12e

en Pro
_ 2

c
• By compressing frnely divided

n
net : 4Al3++6O2 4Al (l)+3O2(g) solids.

Co aye
metals, e.g., wood
al Aluminium is metal=Pb+Sn+Br+Cd powder. Metallurgy
l

H E
le - H e extracted from its It is used in automatic sprinker
ctr r main ore bauxite to present fire from spreading. It is based on the reactivity of
of oly oult's metal towards acid, air, air water.
fu tic r Pr
sed edu ocess: (Al2O3.2H2O)
alum ction
ina
It is the most abundant
m and reactive metal.
iniu • Only a metal higher in the reactivity series
um Symbol - Al

ce of Metals
Al will displace another.

f
Atomic mass - 27
• Larger the difference in the position of

go
Atomic number - 13

E xtr
um

H oop
i metals in series, more rapidly

nin
urren
Valency - 3

a ct

e's
in

io
displacement occurs.

Refi
ele
of um Oc c
• Metal above hydrogen may displace

ct
ro Al Al
ly
tic
um hydrogen from water and acid.
ini u
Al metal produced by Pr m Metal occur in two state, less reactive metals • Oxide of K, Na, Ca, Mg, and Al cannot be
oce
the electrolysis of ss like gold and platinum occur in native (free) reduced by H2, CO or C.
alumina is 99% pure state while most reactive metals like sodium,
_
but contains impurities Anode: Al_3e Al_3+(impure) and potassium occur in combined state.
of Fe, Si and Al2O3 Cathode: Al3++3e Al(pure)
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