Techno India NJR Institute of Technology
Lab Manual
Computer Graphics (5CS4- 21)
Department of CSE
Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
List of Practical’s
1. Write a program to draw a line using Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA) algorithm
2. Write a program to draw a line using Bresenham’s algorithm
3. Write a program to draw circle using midpoint algorithm.
4. Write a program to draw animated circles.
5. Write a program to implement Flood fill.
6. Write a program to implement Boundary fill.
7. Write a program for 2D scaling of an object.
8. Write a program to rotate an object by a given angle about a given point.
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
1. WAP to draw aline using Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA) algorithm
Code:
# include <iostream.h>
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
void dda_line(const int,const int,const int,const int);
int main( )
{
int driver=VGA;
int mode=VGAHI;
int x_1=0;
int y_1=0;
int x_2=0;
int y_2=0;
do
{
gotoxy(8,10);
cout<<"Coordinates of Point-I (x1,y1) :";
gotoxy(8,11);
cout<<"=================================";
gotoxy(12,13);
cout<<"Enter the value of x1 = ";
cin>>x_1;
gotoxy(12,14);
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
cout<<"Enter the value of y1 = ";
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
cin>>y_1;
gotoxy(8,18);
cout<<"Coordinates of Point-II (x2,y2) :";
gotoxy(8,19);
cout<<"==================================";
gotoxy(12,21);
cout<<"Enter the value of x2 = ";
cin>>x_2;
gotoxy(12,22);
cout<<"Enter the value of y2 = ";
cin>>y_2;
initgraph(&driver,&mode,"c:\\tc\\Bgi");
setcolor(15);
dda_line(x_1,y_1,x_2,y_2);
setcolor(15);
outtextxy(110,460,"Press <Enter> to continue or any other key to
exit.");
int key=int(getch( ));
if(key!=13)
break;
}while(1);
return 0;
}
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
void dda_line(const int x_1,const int y_1,const int x_2,const int y_2)
{
int color=getcolor( );
int x1=x_1;
int y1=y_1;
int x2=x_2;
int y2=y_2;
if(x_1>x_2)
{
x1=x_2;
y1=y_2;
x2=x_1;
y2=y_1;
}
float dx=(x2-x1);
float dy=(y2-y1);
int steps=abs(dy);
if(abs(dx)>abs(dy))
steps=abs(dx);
float x_inc=(dx/(float)steps);
float y_inc=(dy/(float)steps);
float x=x1;
float y=y1;
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
putpixel(x,y,color);
for(int count=1;count<=steps;count++)
{
x+=x_inc;
y+=y_inc;
putpixel((int)(x+0.5),(int)(y+0.5),color);
}
}
Output:
Coordinates of Point-I (x1,y1)
=================================
Enter the value of x1 =40
Enter the value of y1=40
Coordinates of Point-II (x2,y2)
=================================
Enter the value of x2 =90
Enter the value of y2=90
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
2. WAP to draw aline using Bresenham’s algorithm
Code:
# include <iostream.h>
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
void bresenham_line(const int,const int,const int,const int);
int main( )
{
int driver=VGA;
int mode=VGAHI;
int x_1=0;
int y_1=0;
int x_2=0;
int y_2=0;
do
{
gotoxy(8,10);
cout<<"Coordinates of Point-I (x1,y1) :";
gotoxy(8,11);
cout<<"================================";
gotoxy(12,13);
cout<<"Enter the value of x1 = ";
cin>>x_1;
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
gotoxy(12,14);
cout<<"Enter the value of y1 = ";
cin>>y_1;
gotoxy(8,18);
cout<<"Coordinates of Point-II (x2,y2) :";
gotoxy(8,19);
cout<<"==================================";
gotoxy(12,21);
cout<<"Enter the value of x2 = ";
cin>>x_2;
gotoxy(12,22);
cout<<"Enter the value of y2 = ";
cin>>y_2;
initgraph(&driver,&mode,"c:\\tc\\Bgi");
setcolor(15);
bresenham_line(x_1,y_1,x_2,y_2);
setcolor(15);
outtextxy(110,460,"Press <Enter> to continue or any other key to
exit.");
int key=int(getch( ));
if(key!=13)
break;
} while(1);
return 0;
}
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
void bresenham_line(const int x_1,const int y_1,const int x_2,const int y_2)
{
int color=getcolor( );
int x1=x_1;
int y1=y_1;
int x2=x_2;
int y2=y_2;
if(x_1>x_2)
{
x1=x_2;
y1=y_2;
x2=x_1;
y2=y_1;
}
int dx=abs(x2-x1);
int dy=abs(y2-y1);
int inc_dec=((y2>=y1)?1:-1);
if(dx>dy)
{
int two_dy=(2*dy);
int two_dy_dx=(2*(dy-dx));
int p=((2*dy)-dx);
int x=x1;
int y=y1;
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
putpixel(x,y,color);
while(x<x2)
{
x++;
if(p<0)
p+=two_dy;
else
{
y+=inc_dec;
p+=two_dy_dx;
}
putpixel(x,y,color);
}
}
else
{
int two_dx=(2*dx);
int two_dx_dy=(2*(dx-dy));
int p=((2*dx)-dy);
int x=x1;
int y=y1;
putpixel(x,y,color);
while(y!=y2)
{
y+=inc_dec;
if(p<0)
p+=two_dx;
else
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
{
x++;
p+=two_dx_dy;
}
putpixel(x,y,color);
}
}
}
Output:
Coordinates of Point-I (x1,y1)
=================================
Enter the value of x1 =40
Enter the value of y1=40
Coordinates of Point-II (x2,y2)
=================================
Enter the value of x2 =90
Enter the value of y2=90
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
3. Wap to draw circle using midpoint algorithm.
Code:
# include <iostream.h>
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
void midpoint_circle(const int,const int,const int);
int main( )
{
int driver=VGA;
int mode=VGAHI;
int h=0;
int k=0;
int r=0;
do
{
gotoxy(8,10);
cout<<"Central Point of the Circle : (x,y) :";
gotoxy(8,11);
cout<<"======================================";
gotoxy(12,13);
cout<<"Enter the value of x_center = ";
cin>>h;
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
gotoxy(12,14);
cout<<"Enter the value of y_center = ";
cin>>k;
gotoxy(8,18);
cout<<"Radius of the Circle : r :";
gotoxy(8,19);
cout<<"========================================";
gotoxy(12,21);
cout<<"Enter the value of r = ";
cin>>r;
initgraph(&driver,&mode,"c:\\tc\\Bgi");
setcolor(15);
midpoint_circle(h,k,r);
setcolor(15);
outtextxy(110,460,"Press <Enter> to continue or any other key to
exit.");
int key=int(getch( ));
if(key!=13)
break;
}while(1);
return 0;
}
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
void midpoint_circle(const int h,const int k,const int r)
{
int color=getcolor( );
int x=0;
int y=r;
int p=(1-r);
do
{
putpixel((h+x),(k+y),color);
putpixel((h+y),(k+x),color);
putpixel((h+y),(k-x),color);
putpixel((h+x),(k-y),color);
putpixel((h-x),(k-y),color);
putpixel((h-y),(k-x),color);
putpixel((h-y),(k+x),color);
putpixel((h-x),(k+y),color);
x++;
if(p<0)
p+=((2*x)+1);
else
{
y--;
p+=((2*(x-y))+1);
}
}while(x<=y);
}
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
Output:-
Central Point of the Circle : (x,y) :
======================================
Enter the value of x_center =100
Enter the value of y_center =100
Radius of the Circle : r :
=====================================
Enter the value of r =50
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
4. Write a program to draw animated circles
Code:
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
void main()
int x,y,i;
int g=DETECT,d;
initgraph(&g,&d,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
cleardevice();
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 3);
setbkcolor(rand());
setcolor(4);
outtextxy(30,100,"Press");
outtextxy(30,130,"any");
outtextxy(30,160,"key");
outtextxy(30,190, "to");
outtextxy(30,220,"Quit");
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
while (!kbhit())
setcolor(rand());
for (int i=0;i<50;i++)
circle(x,y,i );
setcolor(rand());
for (int j=70;j<120;j++)
circle(x,y,j);
setcolor(rand());
for (int k=140;k<190;k++)
circle(x,y,k);
setcolor(rand());
for (int l=210;l<230;l++)
circle(x,y,l);
delay(200);
getch();
closegraph();
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
Output:
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
5. Write a program to implement Flood fill
Code:
# include <iostream.h>
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
void Flood_fill(const int,const int,const int,const int);
int main( )
{
int driver=VGA;
int mode=VGAHI;
initgraph(&driver,&mode,"c:\\tc\\Bgi");
setcolor(15);
circle(175,175,40);
Flood_fill(175,175,10,0);
getch( );
return 0;
}
void Flood_fill(const int x,const int y, const int fill_color,const int old_color)
{
if(getpixel(x,y)==old_color)
{
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
putpixel(x,y,fill_color);
Flood_fill((x+1),y,fill_color,old_color);
Flood_fill((x-1),y,fill_color,old_color);
Flood_fill(x,(y+1),fill_color,old_color);
Flood_fill(x,(y-1),fill_color,old_color);
}
}
Output:
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
6. Write a program to implement Boundary fill
Code:
# include <iostream.h>
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
void Boundary_fill(const int,const int,const int,const int);
int main( )
{
int driver=VGA;
int mode=VGAHI;
initgraph(&driver,&mode,"c:\\tc\\Bgi");
setcolor(10);
circle(175,175,40);
Boundary_fill(175,175,5,10);
getch( );
return 0;
}
void Boundary_fill(const int x,const int y, const int fill_color,const int
boundary_color)
{
if(getpixel(x,y)!=boundary_color&& getpixel(x,y)!=fill_color)
{
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
putpixel(x,y,fill_color);
Boundary_fill((x+1),y,fill_color,boundary_color);
Boundary_fill((x-1),y,fill_color,boundary_color);
Boundary_fill(x,(y+1),fill_color,boundary_color);
Boundary_fill(x,(y-1),fill_color,boundary_color);
}
}
Output:
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
7. C program to demonstrate scaling of an object
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
// Matrix Multiplication to find new Coordinates.
// s[][] is scaling matrix. p[][] is to store
// points that needs to be scaled.
// p[0][0] is x coordinate of point.
// p[1][0] is y coordinate of given point.
void findNewCoordinate(int s[][2], int p[][1])
{
int temp[2][1] = { 0 };
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++)
for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++)
temp[i][j] += (s[i][k] * p[k][j]);
p[0][0] = temp[0][0];
p[1][0] = temp[1][0];
}
// Scaling the Polygon
void scale(int x[], int y[], int sx, int sy)
{
// Triangle before Scaling
line(x[0], y[0], x[1], y[1]);
line(x[1], y[1], x[2], y[2]);
line(x[2], y[2], x[0], y[0]);
// Initializing the Scaling Matrix.
int s[2][2] = { sx, 0, 0, sy };
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
int p[2][1];
// Scaling the triangle
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
p[0][0] = x[i];
p[1][0] = y[i];
findNewCoordinate(s, p);
x[i] = p[0][0];
y[i] = p[1][0];
}
// Triangle after Scaling
line(x[0], y[0], x[1], y[1]);
line(x[1], y[1], x[2], y[2]);
line(x[2], y[2], x[0], y[0]);
}
// Driven Program
int main()
{
int x[] = { 100, 200, 300 };
int y[] = { 200, 100, 200 };
int sx = 2, sy = 2;
int gd, gm;
detectgraph(&gd, &gm);
initgraph(&gd, &gm," ");
scale(x, y, sx,sy);
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
8. C program to rotate an object by a given angle about a given point
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
// Using macros to convert degree to radian
// and call sin() and cos() as these functions
// take input in radians
#define SIN(x) sin(x * 3.141592653589 / 180)
#define COS(x) cos(x * 3.141592653589 / 180)
// To rotate an object
void rotate(float a[][2], int n, int x_pivot, int y_pivot,
int angle)
{
int i = 0;
while (i < n) {
// Shifting the pivot point to the origin
// and the given points accordingly
int x_shifted = a[i][0] - x_pivot;
int y_shifted = a[i][1] - y_pivot;
// Calculating the rotated point co-ordinates
// and shifting it back
a[i][0] = x_pivot
+ (x_shifted * COS(angle)
- y_shifted * SIN(angle));
a[i][1] = y_pivot
+ (x_shifted * SIN(angle)
+ y_shifted * COS(angle));
printf("(%f, %f) ", a[i][0], a[i][1]);
i++;
}
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
// Driver Code
int main()
{
// 1st Example
// The following figure is to be
// rotated about (0, 0) by 90 degrees
int size1 = 4; // No. of vertices
// Vertex co-ordinates must be in order
float points_list1[][2] = { { 100, 100 },
{ 150, 200 },
{ 200, 200 },
{ 200, 150 } };
rotate(points_list1, size1, 0, 0, 90);
// 2nd Example
// The following figure is to be
// rotated about (50, -50) by -45 degrees
/*int size2 = 3;//No. of vertices
float points_list2[][2] = {{100, 100}, {100, 200},
{200, 200}};
rotate(points_list2, size2, 50, -50, -45);*/
return 0;
}
Output:
(-100, 100), (-200, 150), (-200, 200), (-150, 200)
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Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab Manual (CS Vth Sem.) Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur
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