Name of the Candidate: Reg. No.
:
R22 [2022] (2021)
P.T.B.E. DEGREE– APRIL 2023 – REGULAR AND SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS
BRANCH: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SECOND SEMESTER
FLUID MECHANICS
Special Instructions: Approved Gas tables is to be supplied.
Duration: 3 Hours Maximum: 100 Marks
PART – A
Answer ALL questions.
Each question carries 2 marks. (10 X 2 = 20)
1. State Newton’s law of viscosity.
2. Define: Centre of Pressure.
3. List the types of fluid flow.
4. What is an Impulse-Momentum equation?
5. What is an equivalent pipe?
6. Define: Mach Number
7. Specify the purpose of Diffuser
8. Define: Normal Shocks
9. State the assumptions of Fanno flow
10. Give Rayleigh line in h-s diagram and mark various regions.
PART – B
Answer FIVE questions without omitting Qn.No.11.
Question No.11 carries 20 marks and other questions carry 15 marks each.
11. a) A pipeline of 600 mm diameter is 1500 m long. To increase the discharge another line of the (10)
same diameter is introduced parallel to the first, in the second half of the length. If f= 0.01
and head at inlet is 300mm. Calculate the increase in discharge. Neglect minor losses.
b) Air with γ=1.35 and Cp=1.005 kJ/kg K having a pressure of 3 bar and a temperature of (10)
500K flows with a velocity of 210 m/s through a 300 mm diameter duct. Determine the
Mach number, Stagnation Pressure, stagnation temperature stagnation density and mass
flow rate.
12. a) Explain the phenomenon of surface tension and capillarity (10)
b) A clean tube of diameter 2.8 mm is immersed in a liquid with a coefficient of surface (5)
tension =0.45 N/m. The angle of contact of the liquid with the glass can be assumed to be
135°. The density of the liquid =13600 kg/m3. Determine the level of liquid in the tube
relative to the free surface of the liquid inside the tube.
[OR]
13. a) State and Prove Pascal’s Law. (10)
b) A 1 m wide and 1.5 m deep rectangular plane surface lies in water in such a way that its (5)
plane makes an angle of 30° with the free water surface. Determine the total pressure on
one face of the plate when the upper edge is 0.75 m below the free water surface.
CONTD…,
14. a) Define and explain briefly the following: (10)
(i) Velocity potential (ii) Stream function
b) Given that u= xy and v=2yz. Examine whether these velocity components represent two- or (5)
three-dimensional incompressible flow, if three-dimensional flow, determine the third
component.
[OR]
15. a) Derive Bernoulli’s Equation (8)
b) A large tank open to the atmosphere is filled with water to a height of 5 m from the outlet (7)
tap. A tap near the bottom of the tank is now opened, and water flows out from the smooth
and rounded outlet. Determine the water velocity at the outlet.
16. a) Air is flowing in a duct at total head conditions: 7 bar and 555 K. At a section in the flow, (8)
the pressure is 1.77 bar . Find the cross sectional area of the duct at the section if the
isentropic mass flow rate is 1.5 kg/s. Also find the pressure where the area is 1264 mm2 in
the subsonic region.
b) Show from fundamentals that an accelerating flow can be obtained if the flow area is (7)
increased in a supersonic flow.
[OR]
17. a) Starting from the energy equation derive Prandtl-Mayer relation applied to a normal shock (10)
b) A jet of air at 275 K and 69 kPa has an initial Mach number 2. If it passes through a normal (5)
shock wave determine at down stream of the shock the following:
Mach number, Pressure, temperature, density, jet velocity
18. a) Explain how friction in a constant area duct affects the flow, if the flow is (i) initially (8)
subsonic and (ii) initially supersonic
b) As a result of friction, the entropy at a downstream section of an insulated duct increases by (7)
100 J/kg K. What is the Mach number at this section, if the fluid flowing is air and it enters
the duct with a Mach number of 0.16?
[OR]
19. a) Explain the Rayleigh line in Mollier Diagram (5)
b) The conditions of a gas in a combuster at entry are: P1= 0.343 bar, T1= 310 K, c1= 60 m/s (10)
Determine the Mach number, Pressure, temperature and velocity at the exit if the increase
in stagnation enthalpy of the gas between entry and exit is 1172.5 kJ/kg.
Take Cp= 1.005 kJ/kg K and γ = 1.4
***********
