ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -

Percentage

EXERCISE 7.1
1. Express the following percentagesasfractions:
(i) 356%
(ii) 2 ½%
(iii) 16 2/2 %
Solution:

(i) 356%
It can be written as
= 356/100
By further simplification
= 89/25
= 3 14/25

(ii) 2 ½%
It can be written as
= 5/2%
By further calculation
= 5/ (2 × 100)
= 1/40

(iii) 16 2/3 %
It can be written as
= 50/3 %
By further calculation
= 50/3 × 1/100
= 1/6

2. Express the following fractions aspercentages:

(i) 3/2
(ii) 9/20
(iii) 1 ¼
Solution:

(i) 3/2
It can be written as
= 3/2 × 100%
= 150%

(ii) 9/20
It can be written as
= 9/20 × 100%
= 45%

(iii) 1 ¼
It can be written as
= 5/4 × 100%
= 125%

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
3. Express the following fractions asdecimals. Then expressthe decimals aspercentages:
(i) ¾
(ii) 5/8
(iii) 3/16
Solution:

(i) ¾ = 0.75
It can be written as
¾ = ¾ × 100%
By further calculation
= 3 × 25%
= 75%

(ii) 5/8 = 0.625

It can be written as
5/8 = 5/8 × 100%
By further calculation
= 5/2 × 25%
= 125/2%
= 62.5%

(iii) 3/16 = 0.1875

It can be written as
3/16 = 3/16 × 100%
By further calculation
= ¾ × 25%
= 75/4%
= 18.75%

4. Express the following fractions asdecimals correct to four decimal places.Then expressthe decimals as
percentages:
(i) 2/3
(ii) 5/6
(iii) 4/7
Solution:

(i) 2/3 = 0.6667

By correcting to four decimal places
2/3 = 0.6667 × 100% = 66.67%

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage

(ii) 5/6 = 0.8333

By correcting to four decimal places
5/6 = 0.8333 × 100% = 83.33%

(iii) 4/7 = 0.5714

By correcting to four decimal places
4/7 = 0.5714 × 100% = 57.14%

5. Express the following ratios aspercentages:

(i) 17: 20

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
(ii) 13: 18
(iii) 93: 80
Solution:

(i) 17: 20
It can be written as
17: 20 = 17/ 20
By further calculation
= 17/20 × 100%
So we get
= 17 × 5%
= 85%

(ii) 13: 18
It can be written as
13: 18 = 13/18
By further calculation
= 13/18 × 100%
So we get
= 13/9 × 50%
= 650/9 %
= 72 2/9%

(iii) 93: 80
It can be written as
93: 80 = 93/80
By further calculation
= 93/80 × 100%
So we get
= 93/4 × 5%
= 465/4%
= 116.25 %

6. Express the following percentagesasdecimals:

(i) 20%
(ii) 2%
(iii) 3 ¼ %
Solution:

(i) 20%
It can be written as
= 20/100
So we get
= 0.20
= 0.2

(ii) 2%
It can be written as
= 2/100
So we get

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
= 0.02

(iii) 3 ¼
It can be written as
= 13/4
Multiply the denominator by 100
= 13/ (4 × 100)
= 13/ 400
By further calculation
= 3.25/100
= 0.325

7. Find the value of:

(i) 27 % of ₹50
(ii) 6 ¼ % of 25 kg
Solution:

(i) 27 % of ₹50
It can be written as
= 27/100 of ₹50
By further calculation
= 27/100 × 50
So we get
= 27/2
= ₹13.50

(ii) 6 ¼ % of 25 kg
It can be written as
= 25/4% of 25 kg
By further calculation
= 25/ (4 × 100) of 25 kg
= (25 × 25)/ (4 × 100)
So we get
= 25/16
= 1 9/16 kg

8. What percent is:

(i) 300 gof 2 kg
(ii) ₹7.50 of ₹6
Solution:

(i) Required percentage = [300 gram/ 2 kg × 100] %

It can be written as
= [300 gram/ (2 × 1000 gram) × 100] %
By further calculation
= [300/ (2 × 1000) × 100] %
So we get
= (30/2) %
= 15 %

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
(ii) Required percentage = [₹7.50/ ₹6 × 100] %
It can be written as
= [7.50/ 6 × 100] %
By further calculation
= [7.50/3 × 50] %
So we get
= [2.50 × 50] %
= 125%

9. What percent of:

(i) 50 kg is65 kg
(ii) ₹9 is ₹4
Solution:

(i) Consider x% of 50 kg as 65 kg
x% of 50 kg = 65 kg
It can be written as
x/ 100 × 50 = 65
By further calculation
x/ 2 = 65
By cross multiplication
x = 130

Therefore 130% of 50 kg is 65 kg.

(ii) Consider x% of ₹9 is ₹4
x% of ₹9 = ₹4
It can be written as
x/ 100 × 9 = 4
By further calculation
x = 4 × 100/9
So we get
x = 400/9
x = 44 4/9

Therefore, 44 4/9 % of ₹9 is ₹4.

10. (i) If 16 2/3 % of a number is 25, find the number.

(ii) If 13.25 % of a number is 159, find the number.
Solution:

(i) Consider the number as x

16 2/3 % of x = 25
By further calculation
50/3 % of x = 25
It can be written as
50/3 × 1/100 of x = 25
So we get
x = (25 × 3 × 100)/ 50
x = 150

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
Therefore, the number is 150.

(ii) Consider the number as x

13.25% of x = 159
It can be written as
13.25/ 100 of x = 159
By further calculation
x = (159 × 100)/ 13.25
Multiply and divide by 100
x = (159 × 100 × 100)/ 1325
So we get
x = (159 × 4 × 100)/ 53
x = 3 × 4 × 100
x = 1200

Therefore, the number is 1200.

11. (i) Increase the number 60 by 30 %

(ii) Decreasethe number 750 by 10%
Solution:

(i) New number = (1 + 30/100) of 60

By further calculation
= (1 + 3/10) × 60
So we get
= 13/10 × 60
= 78

(ii) New number = (1 – 10/100) of 750

By further calculation
= (1 – 1/10) × 750
So we get
= 9/10 × 750
= 9 × 75
= 675

12. (i) What number when increasedby 15% becomes299?

(ii) On decreasingthe number by 18%, it becomes697.Find the number.
Solution:

(i) Consider the original number as x

Here
New number = (1 + 15/100) of original number
Substituting the values
299 = (1 + 3/20) × x
Taking LCM
299 = [(20 + 3)/ 20] × x
By further calculation
299 = 23/20 × x
So we get

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
x = (299 × 20)/ 23
x = 13 × 20
x = 260

Therefore, the original number is 260.

(ii) Consider the original number as x

Here
New number = (1 – 18/100) of original number
Substituting the values
697 = (1 – 18/100) of x
Taking LCM
697 = [(100 – 18)/ 100] × x
By further calculation
697 = 82/100 × x
So we get
x = (697 × 100)/ 82
x = (697 × 50)/ 41
By further simplification
x = 17 × 50
x = 850

Therefore, the original number is 850.

13. Mr. Khanna spent83% of his salary and saved₹1870. Calculate his monthly salary.
Solution:

It is given that
Mr. Khanna spent 83% of his salary
Savings = 100 – 83 = 17%
So 17% of his salary = ₹1870
We know that
His salary = ₹(1870 × 100)/ 17
= ₹11000

14. In school,38% of the studentsare girls. If the number of boysis 1023, find the total strength of the
school.
Solution:

It is given that
No. of girls in school = 38%
No. of boys in school = (100 – 38) % = 62%
Consider x as the total strength of school
62% of x = 1023
It can be written as
62/100 × x = 1023
By further calculation
x = 1023 × 100/62
So we get
x = 1023 × 50/31

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
x = 33 × 50
x = 1650

Therefore, the total strength of the school is 1650.

15. The price of an article increasesfrom ₹960 to ₹1080. Find the percentage increasein the price.
Solution:

It is given that
Increase in the price of an article = 1080 – 960 = ₹120

We know that
Percentage increase in the price = 120/960 × 100%
By further calculation
= 1/8 × 100%
So we get
= 100/8 %
= 25/2 %
= 12.5 %

16. In a straight contest,the loser polled 42% votesand lost by 14400 votes.Find the total number of votes
polled. If the total number of eligible voters was1 lakh, find what percentageof votersdid not vote.
Solution:

It is given that
Losing candidate got 42% of the votes polled
Votes secured by winning candidate = (100 – 42) % of the votes polled
= 58 % of the votes polled
So the difference of votes = 58% - 42%
= 16% of the votes polled

We know that
16% of the votes polled = 14400
16%/100 of the votes polled = 14400

So the votes polled = 14400 × 100/16

By further calculation
= 900 × 100
= 90000

Here
Total number of eligible voters = 100000
No. of voters who did not vote = 100000 – 90000
= 10000

Percentage of voters did not vote = [10000/ 100000 × 100] %

By further calculation
= 10000/1000 %
= 10 %

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
17. Out of 8000 candidates,60% were boys.If 80% of the boysand 90% of the girls passedthe exam, find
the number of candidateswho failed.
Solution:

It is given that
Total number of candidates = 8000

No. of boys = 60% of 8000

By further calculation
= 60/100 × 8000
So we get
= 60 × 80
= 4800
No. of girls = 8000 – 4800 = 3200

No. of passed boys = 80% of No. of boys

It can be written as
= 80/100 × 4800
So we get
= 80 × 48
= 3840

No. of passed girls = 90% of No. of girls

It can be written as
= 90/100 × 3200
So we get
= 90 × 32
= 2880

No. of passed candidates = 3840 + 2880 = 6720

No. of failed candidates = 8000 – 6720 = 1280

Therefore, the number of candidates who failed is 1280.

18. In an exam, ¼ of the studentsfailed both in English and Maths, 35% of the studentsfailed in Maths and
30% failed in English.
(i) Find the percentageof studentswho failed in any of the subjects.
(ii) Find the percentage of studentswho passedin both subjects.
(iii) If the number of studentswho failed only in English was25, find the total number of students.
Solution:

Consider the total number of students = x

No. of students who failed both in English and Maths = ¼ of x = x/4

No. of students who failed in Maths = 35% of x

It can be written as
= 35/100 of x
By further calculation
= 7/20 × x
= 7x/20

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
No. of students who failed in English = 30% of x
It can be written as
= 30/100 × x
By further calculation
= 3/10 × x
= 3x/10

(i) No. of students who failed in any of the subject = (7x/20 + 3x/10) – x/4
Taking LCM
= (7x + 6x)/ 20 – x/4
So we get
= (13x – 5x)/ 20
= 8x/20

Percentage of students who failed in any of the subject = 8x/20/x × 100%

We can write it as
= 8x/20 × 1/x × 100%
By further calculation
= 8 × 1 × 5%
= 40%

(ii) Percentage of students who passed in both the subjects = 100 – 40 = 60%

(iii) It is given that

No. of students who failed only in English = 25
We can write it as
3x/10 – x/4 = 25
No. of students who failed only in English = 3x/10 – x/4
Taking LCM
(6x – 5x)/ 20 = 25
By further calculation
x = 25 × 20
x = 500

Therefore, the total number of students is 500.

19. On increasingthe price of an article by 16%, it becomes₹1479. What wasits original price?
Solution:

Consider the original price of an article = ₹x

1479 = (1 + 16/100) of original price
It can be written as
1479 = [(100 + 16)/ 100] × ₹x
By further calculation
1479 = 116/100 × x
So we get
116x/100 = 1479
By separating the terms
x = (1479 × 100)/ 116
x = (1479 × 25)/ 29

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
By division
x = 51 × 25
x = 1275

Therefore, the original price of an article is ₹1275.

20. Pratibha reducedher weight by 15%. If now sheweighs59.5 kg, what was her earlier weight?
Solution:

It is given that
Weight reduced by Pratibha = 15%
Present weight of Pratibha = 59.5 kg
Consider her original weight = 100
Reduced weight = 100 – 15 = 85%
Here
85% of her original weight = 59.5 kg
So her original weight = (59.5 × 100)/ 85
By further calculation
= 0.7 × 100
= 70 kg

21. In a sale, a shopreducesall its prices by 15%. Calculate:

(i) the costof an article which wasoriginally priced at ₹40.
(ii) the original price of an article which wassoldfor ₹20.40.
Solution:

It is given that
Rate of reduction = 15%

(i) Original price of an article = ₹40

Rate of reduction = 15%
By further calculation
Reduction = (40 × 15)/ 100 = ₹6
So the sale price = 40 – 6 = ₹34

(ii) Sale price = ₹20.40

Rate of reduction = 15%

We know that
Cost price = (SP × 100)/ (100 – reduction %)
Substituting the values
= (20.40 × 100)/ (100 – 15)
By further calculation
= (2040 × 100)/ (100 × 85)
= ₹24

22. Increase the price of ₹200 by 10% and then decreasethe new price by 10%. Is the final price sameas
the original one?
Solution:

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
It is given that
Rate of increase = 10%
Rate of decrease = 10%
Price of article = ₹200

Here
Increased price = ₹200 × (100 + 10)/ 100
By further calculation
= ₹200 × 110/100
= ₹220

We know that
Decreased price = ₹200 × (100 – 10)/ 100
So we get
= ₹220 × 90/100
= ₹198

No, the final price is not as same as the original one.

23. Chandani purchasedsomeparrots. 20% flew away and 5% died. Of the remaining, 45% were sold.
Now 33 parrots remain. How many parrots had Chandani purchased?
Solution:

Consider Chandani purchased x parrots

No. of parrots flew away = 20% of x
It can be written as
= 20/100 × x
So we get
= 1/5 × x
= x/5

No. of parrots died = 5% of x

It can be written as
= 5/100 × x
= x/20

No. of parrots remaining = x – (x/5 + x/20)

Taking LCM
= x – [(4x + x)/ 20]
By further calculation
= x – 5x/20
= x – x/4
Taking LCM
= (4x – x)/ 4
= 3x/4

No. of sold parrots = 45% of 3x/4

It can be written as
= 45/100 × 3x/4
By further calculation

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
= 9/20 × 3x/4
= 27x/80

No. of parrots which are not sold = 3x/4 – 27/80

Taking LCM
= (60x – 27x)/ 80
= 33x/80

Based on the question

33x/80 = 33
By cross multiplication
33x = 33 × 80
So we get
x = (33 × 80)/ 33
x = 80

Therefore, Chandani purchased 80 parrots.

24. A candidate whogets36% marks in an examination fails by 24 marks but another candidate, who gets
43% marks, gets18 more marks than the minimum passmarks. Find the maximum marks and the
percentage of passmarks.
Solution:

Consider x as the maximum marks

Marks secured by the first candidate = 36% of x
It can be written as
= 36/100 × x
= 36x/ 100

Marks secured by another candidate = 43% of x

It can be written as
= 43/100 × x
= 43x/ 100

The qualifying marks are same for both the candidates

So according to the question
36x/100 + 24 = 43x/100 – 18
By further calculation
24 + 18 = 43x/100 – 36x/ 100
Taking LCM
42 = (43x – 36x)/ 100
42 = 7x/100
By cross multiplication
x = 42 × 100/7
x = 6 × 100
x = 600

Here the maximum marks = 600

Marks secured by first candidate = 36/100 × 600 = 36 × 6 = 216
Qualifying marks = 216 + 24 = 240

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
So the percentage of qualifying marks = (240/600 × 100) %
By further calculation
= 240/6 %
= 40 %

Hence, the maximum mark is 600 and the percentage of pass marks is 40%.

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage

EXERCISE 7.2
1. Find the profit or losspercentage,when:
(i) C.P. = ₹400, S.P. = ₹468
(ii) C.P. = ₹13600, S.P. = ₹12104
Solution:

(i) It is given that

C.P. = ₹400, S.P. = ₹468
Profit = S.P. – C.P.
Substituting the values
= 468 – 400
= ₹68

Here
Profit % = (Profit × 100)/ C.P.
Substituting the values
= (68 × 100)/ 400
= 17 %

(ii) It is given that

C.P. = ₹13600, S.P. = ₹12104
Loss = C.P. – S.P.
Substituting the values
= 13600 – 12104
= ₹1496

Here
Loss % = [Loss/C.P. × 100] %
Substituting the values
= [1496/ 13600 × 100] %
So we get
= 1496/ 136 %
= 11 %

2. By selling an article for ₹1636.25, a dealer gains₹96.25. Find his gain per cent.
Solution:

It is given that
S.P. of an article = ₹1636.25
Gain = ₹96.25
So the C.P. = S.P. – Gain
Substituting the values
= 1636.25 – 96.25
= ₹1540

We know that
Gain % = [Gain/ C.P. × 100] %
Substituting the values
= [96.25/1540 × 100] %

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
By further calculation
= 9625/1540 %
= 1925/308 %
So we get
= 25/4 %
=6¼%

3. By selling an article for ₹770, a man incurs a lossof ₹110. Find his losspercentage.
Solution:

It is given that
S.P. of an article = ₹770
Loss = ₹110

We know that
C.P. = S.P. + Loss
Substituting the values
= 770 + 110
= ₹880

Here
Loss % = [Loss/ C.P. × 100] %
Substituting the values
= [110/ 880 × 100] %
By further calculation
= 100/8 %
So we get
= 25/2 %
= 12.5 %

4. Rashida bought 25 dozen eggsat the rate of ₹9.60 per dozen. 30 eggswere broken in the transaction and
shesold the remaining eggsat onerupee each. Find her gain or losspercentage.
Solution:

It is given that
C.P. of one dozen eggs = ₹9.60
C.P. of 25 dozen eggs = 25 × 9.60 = ₹240
No. of eggs = 25 dozen = 25 × 12 = 300
No. of eggs broken in transaction = 30
No. of remaining eggs = 300 – 30 = 270

We know that
S.P. of one egg = ₹1
S.P. of 270 eggs = 1 × 270 = ₹270
So the profit = S.P. – C.P.
Substituting the values
= 270 – 240
= ₹30

Here

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
Profit % = [Profit/ C.P. × 100] %
Substituting the values
= [30/240 × 100] %
So we get
= 100/8 %
= 25/2 %
= 12.5 %

5. The costof an article was₹20000 and ₹1400 were spenton its repairs. If it is soldfor a profit of 20 %,
find the sellingprice of the article.
Solution:

It is given that
Cost of an article = ₹20000
Cost of its repair = ₹1400
So the total cost = 20000 + 1400 = ₹21400
Profit = 20 %

We know that
S.P. = [C.P. × (100 + Profit %)]/ 100
Substituting the values
= [21400 × (100 + 20)]/ 100
By further calculation
= (21400 × 120)/ 100
= ₹25680

6. A shopkeeperbuys200 bicyclesat ₹1200 per bicycle. He spends₹30 per bicycle on transportation. He

also spends₹4000 on advertising. Then he sellsall the bicycles at ₹1350 per piece. Find his profit or loss.
Also, calculate it asa percentage.
Solution:

It is given that
C.P. of one bicycle = ₹1200
C.P. of 200 bicycle = 1200 × 200 = ₹240000
Expenditure on transportation for one bicycle = ₹30
Expenditure on transportation for 200 bicycle = 30 × 200 = ₹6000
Expenditure on advertising = ₹4000

We know that
Net C.P. of the bicycle = 240000 + 6000 + 4000
= ₹250000
S.P. of 200 bicycle at ₹1350 per bicycle = 200 × 1350
= ₹270000
So profit = S.P – C.P.
Substituting the values
= 270000 – 250000
= ₹20000

Here
Profit % = [Profit/ C.P. × 100] %

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
Substituting the values
= [20000/ 250000 × 100] %
So we get
= 200/25 %
= 8%

7. The costprice of an article is 90% of its sellingprice. Find his profit percentage.
Solution:

Consider ₹x as the S.P. of an article

C.P. of an article = 90% of ₹x
It can be written as
= 90/100 × ₹x
= ₹9x/10

We know that
Profit = S.P. – C.P.
Substituting the values
= x – 9x/10
Taking LCM
= (10x – 9x)/ 10
= ₹x/10

Here
Profit % = [Profit/ C.P. × 100] %
Substituting the values
= [x/10/ 9x/10 × 100] %
It can be written as
= [x/10 × 10/9x × 100] %
So we get
= 100/ 9 %
= 11 1/9 %

8. Rao bought notebooksat the rate of 4 for ₹35 and soldthem at the rate of 5 for ₹58. Calculate
(i) his gain percentage.
(ii) the number of notebookshe shouldsell to earn a profit of ₹171.
Solution:

Consider the number of note books bought = 20

Here the LCM of 4 and 5 is 20
C.P. of the note books = 35/4 × 20
= 35 × 5
= ₹175
S.P. of the note books = 58/5 × 20
= 58 × 4
= ₹232

(i) We know that

Gain = S.P. – C.P.
Substituting the values

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
= 232 – 175
= ₹57

Here
Gain % = [Gain/ C.P. × 100] %
Substituting the values
= [57/ 175 × 100] %
By further calculation
= [57/7 × 4] %
So we get
= 228/7 %
= 32 4/7 %

(ii) When the profit is ₹57, the number of note books sold = 20
When the profit is ₹1, the number of note books sold = 20/57
When the profit is ₹171, the number of note books sold = 20/57 × 171
= 20 × 3
= 60

9. A vendor buysbananasat 3 for a rupee and sellsat 4 for a rupee. Find his profit or losspercentage.
Solution:

Consider the number of bananas bought = 12

Here LCM f 3 and 4 is 12

We know that
C.P. of bananas = 1/3 × 12 = ₹4
S.P. of bananas = ¼ × 12 = ₹3

Here
Loss = C.P. – S.P.
Substituting the values
=4–3
= ₹1

Loss % = [Loss/ C.P. × 100] %

Substituting the values
= [1/4 × 100] %
So we get
= 100/4 %
= 25 %

10. A shopkeeperbuysa certain number of pens.If the selling price of 5 pensis equal to the costprice of 7
pens,find his profit or losspercentage.
Solution:

Consider ₹x as the C.P. of 7 pens

C.P. of 1 pen = ₹x/7

Based on the question

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
S.P. of 5 pens = ₹x
S.P. of 1 pen = ₹x/5

Profit = S.P. – C.P.

Substituting the values
= x/7 – x/5
Taking LCM
= (7x – 5x)/ 35
= ₹2x/ 35

We know that
Profit % = Profit/C.P. × 100 %
Substituting the values
= 2x/ 35/ x/7 × 100 %
It can be written as
= 2x/35 × 7/x × 100 %
By further calculation
= 2/5 × 100 %
So we get
= 2 × 20 %
= 40 %

11. Find the sellingprice, when:

(i) Cost price = ₹2360, Profit = 8 %
(ii) Cost price = ₹380, Loss= 7.5 %
Solution:

(i) It is given that

Cost price = ₹2360, Profit = 8%
We know that
S.P. = (100 + Profit %)/ 100 × C.P.
Substituting the values
= (100 + 8)/ 100 × 2360
By further calculation
= 108/ 100 × 2360
So we get
= 108/ 10 × 236
= ₹2548.80

(ii) It is given that

Cost price = ₹380, Loss = 7.5 %
We know that
S.P. = (100 – Loss %)/ 100 × C.P.
Substituting the values
= (100 – 7.5)/ 100 × 380
By further calculation
= 92.5/ 100 × 380
So we get
= 9.25 × 38
= ₹351.50

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
12. A dealer bought a number of eggsat ₹18 a dozenand soldthem at 50% profit. Find the selling price
per egg.
Solution:

It is given that
C.P. of one dozen eggs = 12 eggs = ₹18
Profit = 15%

We know that
S.P. of 12 eggs = [1 + 50/ 100] of ₹18
It can be written as
= (150/100 × 18)
By further calculation
= (3/2 × 18)
So we get
=3×9
= ₹27

S.P. of 1 egg = ₹27/12

So we get
= ₹9/4
= ₹2.25

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage

EXERCISE 7.3
1. Find the discount and the selling price, when:
(i) the marked price = ₹575, discount= 12%
(ii) the printed price = ₹12750, discount= 8 1/3%
Solution:

(i) the marked price = ₹575, discount = 12%

Here
Amount of discount = 12 % of ₹575
It can be written as
= (12/100 × 575)
By further calculation
= (12/4 × 23)
So we get
= 3 × 23
= ₹69

We know that
Net sale price = M.P. – discount
Substituting the values
= 575 – 69
= ₹506

(ii) the printed price = ₹12750, discount = 8 1/3% = 25/3 %

Here
Amount of discount = 25/3 % of ₹12750
It can be written as
= [25/ (3 × 100) × 12750]
By further calculation
= (25/30 × 1275)
So we get
= (5/6 × 1275)
= ₹1062.50

We know that
Net sale price = M.P. – discount
Substituting the values
= 12750 – 1062.50
= ₹11687.50

2. Find the discount and the discount percentage, when:

(i) marked price = ₹780, selling price = ₹721.50
(ii) advertised price = ₹28500, selling price = ₹24510
Solution:

(i) marked price = ₹780, selling price = ₹721.50

We know that
Discount = M.P. – Selling price
Substituting the values

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
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= 780 – 721.50
= ₹58.50

Here
Discount % = [Discount/M.P. × 100] %
Substituting the values
= [58.50/780 × 100] %
By further calculation
= 5850/780 %
So we get
= 585/78 %
= 7.5 %

(ii) advertised price = ₹28500, selling price = ₹24510

We know that
Discount = Advertised price – Selling Price
Substituting the values
= 28500 – 24510
= ₹3990

Here
Discount % = [Discount/ advertised price × 100] %
Substituting the values
= [3990/ 28500 × 100] %
So we get
= 3990/ 285 %
= 14 %

3. A notebook is marks at ₹30. Find the price a student paysfor a dozen notebooksif he gets15% discount.
Solution:

It is given that
M.P. of one notebook = ₹30
M.P. of one dozen notebooks = 30 × 12 = ₹360
Discount = 15%

We know that
Amount of discount = 15% of M.P.
It can be written as
= 15% of ₹360
By further calculation
= (15/100 × 360)
So we get
= (15/10 × 36)
= (3/2 × 36)
On further simplification
= 3 × 18
= ₹54

Price a student pays for a dozen notebooks = 360 – 54 = ₹306

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
4. A dealer gave9% discounton an electric fan and charges₹728 from the customer. Find the marked
price of the fan.
Solution:

Consider ₹x as the M.P. of the fan

Discount = 9%

We know that
Amount of discount = 9% of ₹x
It can be written as
= 9/100 × x
= ₹9x/100

Here
Charges for customer = ₹x - ₹9x/100
Substituting the values
728 = (100x – 9x)/ 100
By further calculation
728 = 91x/100
So we get
x = (728 × 100)/ 91
x = 8 × 100
x = 800

Therefore, the marked price of the fan is ₹800.

5. The list price of an article is ₹800 and a dealer is sellingit at a discountof 20 %. Find:
(i) the sellingprice of the article.
(ii) the costprice of the article if he makes25% profit on sellingit.
Solution:

(i) It is given that

M.P. = ₹800
Discount = 20%

We know that
S.P. = [1 – d/100] of M.P.
Substituting the values
S.P. = [1 – 20/100] of ₹800
By further calculation
S.P. = 80/100 × 800
S.P. = ₹640

Therefore, the selling price is ₹640.

(ii) It is given that

S.P. = ₹640
Profit = 25%

We know that

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
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S.P. = [1 + P/100] of C.P.
Substituting the values
640 = [1 + 25/100] of C.P.
By further calculation
640 = 125/100 of C.P.
So we get
C.P. = [640 × 100/125]
C.P. = 128 × 4
C.P. = ₹512

6. A shopkeepermarks his goodsat sucha price that would give him a profit of 10% after allowing a
discountof 12%. If an article is marked at ₹2250, find its:
(i) sellingprice
(ii) costprice.
Solution:

(i) It is given that

M.P. of an article = ₹2250
Discount = 12 %

We know that
S.P. = [1 – d/100] of M.P.
Substituting the values
S.P. = [1 – 12/100] of ₹2250
By taking LCM
S.P. = (100 – 12)/100 × 2250
By further calculation
S.P. = 88/100 × 2250
So we get
S.P. = 88/4 × 90
S.P. = 22 × 90
S.P. = ₹1980

(ii) It is given that

S.P. = ₹1980
Profit = 10%

We know that
S.P. = [1 + P/100] of C.P.
Substituting the values
1980 = [1 + 10/100] of C.P.
By further calculation
1980 = 110/100 of C.P.
So we get
C.P. = 1980 × 100/100
C.P. = 18 × 100
C.P. = ₹1800

Therefore, the cost price is ₹1800.

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
7. A shopkeeperpurchaseda calculator for ₹650. He sellsit at a discountof 20% and still makesa profit of
20%. Find:
(i) the sellingprice
(ii) marked price
Solution:

(i) It is given that

C.P. = ₹650
Profit = 20%

We know that
S.P. = [1 + P/100] of C.P.
Substituting the values
= [1 + 20/100] × 650
By further calculation
= 120/100 × 650
So we get
= 12 × 65
= ₹780

Therefore, the selling price of the calculator is ₹780.

(ii) It is given that

S.P. = ₹780
Discount = 20%

We know that
S.P. = [1 – d/100] of M.P
Substituting the values
780 = [1 – 20/100] of M.P.
By further calculation
780 = 80/100 of M.P.
It can be written as
M.P. = 780 × 100/80
So we get
M.P. = 780 × 10/8
M.P. = 7800/8
M.P. = ₹975

Therefore, the marked price of the calculator is ₹975.

8. A shopkeeperbuysa dinner setfor ₹1200 and marks it 80% abovethe costprice. If he gives15 %
discounton it, find:
(i) the marked price
(ii) the sellingprice
(iii) his profit percentage.
Solution:

(i) It is given that

C.P. of a dinner set = ₹1200

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
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We know that
M.P. = 1200 + 80% of ₹1200
By further calculation
= 1200 + 80/100 × 1200
So we get
= 1200 + 80 × 12
By multiplication
= 1200 + 960
= ₹2160

(ii) It is given that

M.P. = ₹2160
Discount = 15%

We know that
S.P. = (1 – d/100) of M.P.
Substituting the values
= (1 – 15/100) × 2160
By further calculation
= 85/100 × 2160
So we get
= 17/20 × 2160
= 17 × 108
= ₹1836

(iii) We know that

Profit = S.P. – C.P.
Substituting the values
= 1836 – 1200
= ₹636

Here
Profit % = [Profit/C.P. × 100] %
Substituting the values
= (636/1200 × 100) %
By further calculation
= 636/12 %
= 53 %

9. The costprice of an article is ₹1600, which is 20% below the marked price. If the article is soldat a
discountof 16%, find:
(i) the marked price
(ii) the sellingprice
(iii) profit percentage.
Solution:

(i) It is given that

C.P. = ₹1600
C.P of an article is 20% below the M.P.
Take ₹x as the M.P. of an article

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
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We know that
C.P. = M.P. – 20% of M.P.
Substituting the values
1600 = x – 20% of x
It can be written as
1600 = x – 20/100 × x
By further calculation
1600 = 80x/100
So we get
x = 1600 × 100/80
x = 20 × 100
x = ₹2000

Therefore, the M.P. of an article is ₹2000.

(ii) It is given that

M.P. = ₹2000
Discount = 16%

We know that
S.P. = [1 – 16/100] of M.P.
Taking LCM
= (100 – 16)/ 100 of ₹2000
By further calculation
= 84/100 × 2000
So we get
= 84 × 20
= ₹1680

(iii) It is given that

Profit = S.P. – C.P.
Substituting the values
= 1680 – 1600
= ₹80

We know that
Profit % = [Profit/ C.P. × 100] %
Substituting the values
= [80/1600 × 100] %
So we get
= 80/16 %
=5%

10. A shopkeeperallows 20% discounton his goodsand still earns a profit of 20%. If an article is soldfor ₹
360, find:
(i) the marked price
(ii) the costprice.
Solution:

(i) It is given that

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage
Dealer allows a discount of 20%

S.P. = [1 – d/100] of M.P.

Substituting the values
360 = [1 – 20/100] of M.P.
By further calculation
360 = 80/100 of M.P.
It can be written as
M.P. = 360 × 100/80
M.P. = 360 × 10/8
So we get
M.P. = 45 × 10
M.P. = ₹450

(ii) Consider ₹x as the C.P. of the article

Profit = 20%
S.P. = ₹360

We know that
S.P. = [1 + P/100] of C.P.
Substituting the values
360 = [1 + 20/100] of x
By further calculation
360 = [1 + 1/5] of x
So we get
360 = 6x/5
By cross multiplication
x = 360 × 5/6
x = 60 × 5
x = ₹300

Therefore, the C.P. of the article is ₹300.

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
Percentage

EXERCISE 7.4
1. Find the buying price of eachof the following when 5% S.T. is added on the purchaseof
(i) a towel of ₹50
(ii) 5 kg of flour at ₹15 per kg.
Solution:

(i) It is given that

S.T. = 5%
Cost of towel = ₹50

We know that
Total S.T. = (50 × 5)/ 100
= ₹2.50

So the buying price = 50 + 2.50 = ₹52.50

(ii) We know that

C.P. of 5 kg of flour at the rate of ₹15 per kg = 15 × 5
= ₹75
Rate of S.T. = 5%

Here
Total tax = (75 × 5)/100
So we get
= 375/100
= ₹3.75

So the total price of the flour = 75 + 3.75 = ₹8.75

2. If 8% of VAT is includedin the prices,find the original price of

(i) a TV boughtfor ₹13500
(ii) a shampoobottle bought for ₹180.
Solution:

(i) It is given that

Total price of TV including VAT = ₹13500
Rate of VAT = 8%

We know that
Original price of TV = (13500 × 100)/ (100 + 8)
By further calculation
= (13500 × 100)/ 108
= ₹12500

(ii) It is given that

Total cost of shampoo bottle including VAT = ₹180
Rate of VAT = 8%

We know that

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
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Original price of shampoo = (180 × 100)/ (100 + 8)
By further calculation
= (180 × 100)/ 108
So we get
= 500/3
= ₹166.67

3. Utkarsh boughtan AC for ₹34992 including a VAT of 8%. Find the price of AC before VAT wasadded.
Solution:

It is given that
Cost of AC including VAT = ₹34992
Rate of VAT charged = 8%

We know that
Original price of AC = (34992 × 100)/ (100 + 8)
By further calculation
= (34992 × 100)/ 108
= ₹32400

4. Gaurav boughta shirt for ₹1296includingVAT. If the original price of the shirt is ₹1200, find the rate
ofVAT.
Solution:

It is given that
Cost of shirt including VAT = ₹1296
Original price of shirt = ₹1200

We know that
Amount of VAT = 1296 – 1200 = ₹96
Here
Rate of VAT = (VAT × 100)/ C.P.
Substituting the values
= (96 × 100)/ 1200
=8%

5. Anjana buysa pursefor ₹523.80 including 8% VAT. Find the newsellingprice of the purseif VAT
increasesto 10%.
Solution:

It is given that
Total C.P. of purse including VAT = ₹523.80
Rate of VAT = 8%

We know that
Actual cost of the purse = (523.80 × 100)/ (100 + 8)
By further calculation
= (523.80 × 100)/ 108
= ₹485

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
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Here
New rate of VAT = 10%
Amount of VAT = 485 × 10/100
So we get
= 4850/100
= ₹48.50

So the total cost of the purse = 485 + 48.50 = ₹535.50

6. A wall hangingis marked for ₹4800. The shopkeeperoffers 10% discounton it. If VAT is received8%
from the customer, find the amount paid by the customerto purchasethe wall hanging.
Solution:

It is given that
Marked price of wall hanging = ₹4800
Discount offered = 10%

We know that
Net sale price = [4800 × (100 – 10)/ 100]
By further calculation
= (4800 × 90)/ 100
= ₹4320

Here
Rate of VAT charged = 8%
So the sale price including VAT = [4320 × (100 + 8)/ 100]
By further calculation
= (4320 × 108)/ 100
= 466560/100
= ₹4665.60

7. Amit goesto a shopto buy a washing machine. The marked price of the washing machine is ₹10900
excluding9% VAT. Amit bargains with the shopkeeperand convinceshimfor ₹10900 including VAT as
the final costof the washing machine. Find the amount reduced by the shopkeeper.
Solution:

It is given that
M.P. of washing machine = ₹10900
Rate of VAT = 9%
Consider ₹x as the reduced price of machine

We know that
VAT at the rate of 9% = x × 9/100 = ₹9x/100
So the amount paid = x + 9x/100 = 109x/100
By equating the values
109x/100 = 10900
By further calculation
x = (10900 × 100)/ 109
x = 10000

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 ML Aggarwal Solutionsfor Class8 Maths Chapter 7 -
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Amount reduced by the shopkeeper = 10900 – 10000
= ₹900

Therefore, the amount reduced by the shopkeeper is ₹900.

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