GRAMMAR PRACTICE

1A The verb be
We use the verb be to say who people are and to give other information about them 1 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative
(for example, where they are from, what job they do, where they are, how they are). form of the verb be.
I’m Juan. I’m Mexican. 1 She Brazilian.
This is Michel. He’s from France. 2 They from Argentina.
My sister is a teacher. She’s in the classroom. 3 Pedro in the classroom.
How are you? I’m fine. 4 Fabio and Daniele here.
We also use the verb be to talk about ages. 5 I 27.
6 My name Yara.
I’m 25.
7 We students.
We add not after the verb be to make the negative: ’m not, ’re not, and ’s not. We can 8 My teachers American.
also use the forms aren’t for ’re not, and isn’t for ’s not. We form questions by putting
the verb before the subject. 2 Read the information.
Complete the questions
The full forms of the verb be are am, is, and are. We don’t use contractions in short and write the short answers
answers. (e.g. Yes, she is).

1.4 I he / she / it you / we / they Fiona Murray is a student in

Montreal, Canada. She’s 22
+ I’m Spanish. Tom’s from Chicago. You’re Japanese. years old. She’s from Boston,
I’m not Portuguese. Maria’s not / isn’t We’re not / aren’t in the state of Massachusetts.
−
Australian. from Vietnam. Her parents are Irish.
? Am I from Canada? Is she from New York? Are you from Turkey? 1 her name Fiona?
Yes, I am. / No, I’m Yes, she is. / No, she’s Yes, we are. / No,
Y/N
not. not / isn’t. we’re not / aren’t. 2 she 23 years old?

We use the contraction ’s with third person singular nouns, names, and pronouns. 3 she a student?
My sister’s here.
Sabine’s here. 4 she from Montreal?
She’s here.
5 her parents Canadian?
We use the contraction ’re with you, we, and they.
You’re my friend. 6 her parents from Ireland?
We’re Colombian.
They’re from Brazil.
But we use are with plural nouns and names.
3 Complete the conversation. Use contractions where
possible.
My friends are from Brazil.
A Nice to meet you. My name 1 Carla.
Gina and Laura are German.
B Nice to meet you, too. I 2 William.
We use the contractions ’s not or isn’t with he, she, and it, and ’re not
A Where 3 you from?
or aren’t with you, we, and they.
B I4 from China. 5 you from
He’s not/He isn’t here. Italy?
They’re not/They aren’t here. A No, I 6 from Italy. I 7 from
We usually use aren’t with plural nouns and names. Argentina.
Gina and Laura aren’t Brazilian. B8 you here with your family?
A No, I 9 . They 10 at home.

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

1C Possessive adjectives and ’s for

possession 1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1 She / Her is 48.
Possessive adjectives 2 They / Their names are Maria and Lucy.
We use possessive adjectives before nouns to say that something belongs 3 Her / She keys are in the car.
to someone. 4 I’m you / your teacher for today.
It’s my wallet. 5 We / Our tickets are in his wallet.
This is your book. 6 He / His is from Vietnam.
This is her phone. 7 I / My last name is Moszkowski.
Where is his bag? 8 Is his / he umbrella black?
Is this our umbrella? 2 Complete the sentences with possessive adjectives.
This is their car.
1 Marie and Sylvain are French. family is
from Paris.
Subject Possessive
1.12 pronoun adjective 2 This is wallet. Look, here’s your identity
card.
I my I’m Spanish. My name is Raúl. 3 I am Chinese. family is from Beijing.
you your Are you ready? Your taxi’s here. 4 Italy is famous for food.
he his He’s a great teacher. His students are 5 classmates are from all over the world. We
young. have interesting discussions in class.
she her She’s at work, but her handbag is at home. 6 She’s the mom in my host family. name is
Tamara.
it its It’s a great city. I like the city for its
7 He’s my Spanish friend. name is Marcos.
beaches.
8 What’s last name, Megan?
we our We’re from the U.S., but our son is British.
they their They’re not here. Their train is late. 3 Correct and write the statements and questions. Use ’s
or an apostrophe (’) to indicate possession.
We use the same possessive adjective for singular and plural nouns. 1 Are these your sister glasses?
It’s my pen. They’re my pens.
This is their car. These are their cars. 2 Benedict is Millie boyfriend.

’s for possession 3 My mothers books are in my bag.

We add ’s to a singular name or noun to say that something belongs to someone.

4 Our teacher name is Susanna.
Tom’s book is here.
Where are Lisa’s bags? 5 My parents new car is an Audi.
This is the teacher’s desk.
We don’t usually use ’s to say that something belongs to a thing. We use of. 6 Our children favorite TV show is The Simpsons.
The front of the bus.
The end of the vacation.
With regular plural nouns that end in -s, we use an apostrophe (’) after the -s to talk
about possession.
These are the students’ books.
My friends’ names are Lucy and Samir.
With irregular plural nouns, we use ’s to talk about possession.
The children’s books are in the classroom.
The women’s soccer team are the champions.
Where are the men’s bags?

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

2A Simple present: affirmative and negative

We use the simple present to talk about: 1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
• facts. 1 Adam have / has a job in a garage.
I’m Italian. 2 Dean likes Mexico, but he don’t / doesn’t like Mexico
We live in New York. City.
He doesn’t work at a restaurant. 3 Tyler speak / speaks French, but he doesn’t speak German.
• regular routines. 4 Carla works in the evening, but she doesn’t work /
I work every day. works on the weekend.
We go to the movies on the weekend. 5 Barbara and Fatima teach / teaches Spanish at a college.
They get up at 10 on Sundays. 6 We doesn’t have / don’t have an office in New York.

We form negatives with don’t/doesn’t + the base form of the verb. 2 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative
form of the verbs in the box.
2.3 I / you / we / they he / she / it
watch serve start cut help finish work
+ We work in a hospital. Laura works in an office. go live
I teach English. He teaches Japanese.
1 I in an apartment in Rio de Janeiro.
They have a new car. She has a beautiful apartment.
2 He’s a waiter. He the food.
You make great coffee. Simon makes good tea. 3 My sister is a hairdresser. She people’s hair.
– We don’t work in a school. Paul doesn’t work in a store. 4 They for a bank in the city.
I don’t teach French. He doesn’t teach in a school. 5 Elena tourists. She gives them information.
They don’t have a yard. She doesn’t have a dog. 6 We to work every morning by bus.
7 Karl TV every evening.
You don’t love your job. Damian doesn’t love his girlfriend.
8 Sara work at 9 a.m. and she
at 5 p.m.
We usually add -s to the verb to make the third person singular (he/she/it) form.
He serves food in the restaurant. 3 Look at the information and complete the affirmative
She loves her job. and negative sentences about Emma.
Ivan sings at festivals. work: in a hospital in a store
Camilla helps her parents on the weekend. go to work: by bus by car
finish work: at 4 p.m. at 5:30 p.m.
Spelling rules for third person singular (he/she/it) help: tourists customers
We usually add -s to the base form.
work ⇨ works
When the verb ends in a consonant + y, we change the y to i
and then we add -es.
study ⇨ studies
When the verb ends in -sh, -ch, -x or -s, we add -es.
finish ⇨ finishes watch ⇨ watches
Some verbs are irregular.
go ⇨ goes do ⇨ does have ⇨ has

1 Emma in a hospital.
She in a store.
2 She by bus.
She by car.
3 She at 4 p.m.
She at 5:30 p.m.
4 She tourists.
She customers.

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

2C Simple present: questions

We use questions in the simple present to ask about things that are facts, or regular 1 Put the words in the correct order to make questions.
routines. We form questions in the simple present with do/does + subject + base form. 1 like / you / do / Spanish / food / ?
Do you like soccer?
Does she live in a big apartment? 2 in / Santiago / does / Sandra / live / ?
Does he work on the weekend?
Do they go out a lot? 3 they / do / Hong Kong / work / in / ?
We form short answers with Yes/No, + subject + do/does/don’t/doesn’t.
4 Eric / does / drive / a car / ?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
5 finish / do / we / at / 5 p.m. / ?
Yes, she does.
No, she doesn’t
6 do / teach / English / you / ?

2.12 I / you / we / they he / she / it

2 Look at the short answers to the questions in exercise 1.
? Do they live in the city? Does he live with you?
Correct the mistakes.
Do we have more time? Does it have a yard?
1 Yes, I like.
Do you work at a café? Does she work at a hotel?
2 Yes, she do.
Y/N Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. 3 No, they not.
4 No, he don’t.
If we want more information, we put a question word (what, where, when, why, who, 5 Yes, we does.
how, etc.) before do/does at the start of the question. 6 Yes, I teach.
Where do you live?
3 Write questions.
Who do you live with?
What does he do on the weekend?
How do you get to work?
When does the class start?
Why do you like soccer?

1 you / come from Australia

2 your apartment / have / a TV

3 you / like movies

4 when / you / go to work

5 where / your best friend / live

6 what / she / do

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

3A Frequency adverbs and expressions

We use frequency adverbs with the simple present to talk about routines and 1 Rewrite the sentences. Put the frequency adverbs in
how often we do things. the correct places.
100% 1 My father reads the newspaper. (always)

always I always watch TV on the weekend.

2 My aunt has lunch with friends. (often)

usually I usually read the newspaper on the weekend. 3 My cousin is at home in the evening. (usually)

4 They work on the weekend. (sometimes)

often I often go for a walk on the weekend.
5 I go to the movies. (never)
sometimes I sometimes study English on the weekend.
6 I’m very busy. (often)

hardly ever I hardly ever drink coffee.

2 Complete the sentences. Put one word in each
sentence.
never I never watch soccer on the weekend.
! 0%
We usually put frequency adverbs before the main verb.
I always listen to the radio in the car. NOT Always I listen to the radio in the car,or
I listen always to the radio in the car.
But we usually put frequency adverbs after the verb be.
They’re never late. NOT They never are late.
We use How often … ? to ask about how frequently actions happen.
How often do you go out for dinner?
We also use frequency expressions with the simple present to talk about regular habits
and routines.
I visit my parents every day.
I visit my grandparents twice a week. 1 I go to the gym day.
I visit my cousins once a year. 2 We go on vacation three times a – in
March, May, and October.
3.5 3 I see my grandparents twice week.
4 I usually have a cup of coffee a day – with
every
day. breakfast and after lunch.
once a
week. 5 My dad plays golf three a week.
I go to the movies twice a
month. 6 My brother visits me twice a week, but my sister only
three times a
year. visits me a week.
four times a
3 Correct the sentences.
Once means “one time” and twice means “two times.” 1 Never Sam listens to music.
We usually use frequency expressions at the end of a sentence. We sometimes
use them at the start of a sentence. 2 Always the apartments here are nice.

I visit my cousins once a year.

3 We eat out hardly ever on Saturdays.
Once a year, I visit my cousins.
NOT I once a year visit my cousins.
4 Lidia drives to work every days.

5 We see our cousins four or five times year.

6 I go to the theater once time a month.

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

3C love, like, hate, enjoy, don’t mind +

noun/-ing form 1 Complete the sentences with the -ing form of the verb
We use love, like, hate, enjoy, and don’t mind to say if we feel positively or negatively in parentheses.
about something. 1 They like new places. (visit)
2 I like time with my family. (spend)
The verbs love, like, and enjoy have a positive meaning.
3 He doesn’t like . (swim)
I love tennis. 4 She hates dinner. (make)
I like basketball. 5 Does Freya like ? (drive)
I enjoy swimming. 6 I love on the beach. (run)
The verb don’t mind has a neutral meaning. 7 Do you like a student? (be)
I don’t mind working on the weekend. 8 My parents love photos. (take)
Soraya doesn’t mind cats. 2 Complete the sentences with love, like, don’t mind, don’t
The verbs don’t like/don’t enjoy and hate have a negative meaning. like, hate, and the -ing form of the verbs in the box.
I don’t like going to the gym. work go meet play make cook learn listen
Emil hates watching soccer.
We use a noun or the -ing form of a verb after these verbs. (We can also use the
infinitive after love, like, and hate.)

3.9
I love tennis. / playing tennis.
I enjoy museums. / visiting museums.
I like dogs. / walking my dog.
I don’t mind rock music. / listening to rock music.
I don’t like Indian food. / eating Indian food.
I hate soccer. / watching soccer. 1 They
Japanese food.
2 Sadiq in
Spelling rules for the -ing form a bank.
We usually add -ing to the base form of the verb. 3 I French.
play ⇨ playing talk ⇨ talking 4 Tania
clothes.
When a verb ends in consonant + e, we usually remove the e and then
5 I my
add -ing.
friends in town.
take ⇨ taking live ⇨ living
6 We golf.
BUT be ⇨ being
7 Liam
When a one-syllable verb ends in a vowel + a consonant, we double the shopping.
consonant and then add -ing. 8 I to the radio.
sit ⇨ sitting plan ⇨ planning
When a one-syllable verb ends in a vowel + a consonant, we double the 3 Read the sentences. Check ( ) the ones that are
consonant and then add -ing. correct. Rewrite the incorrect ones.
sit ⇨ sitting plan ⇨ planning 1 I love American movies.

2 Do you like cook?

3 Pedro doesn’t like basketball.

4 I hate be late.

5 Tomiko enjoys to play soccer.

6 I love talking to my friends.

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

4A Prepositions of time
We use different prepositions to make common time expressions. 1 Complete the sentences with in, on, at, or from … to.
1 I usually take a shower the evening.
4.2 2 Charles does his homework night.
Preposition We use this with … Example 3 I’m at work 8:30 6:30 every
day.
in the + parts of the day in the morning(s)
4 They visit their cousins New Year’s Day.
in the afternoon(s)
5 We always go out Friday nights.
in the evening(s)
6 Is it hot here August?
the + seasons in the winter 7 The days are short the winter.
in the spring 8 What do you like doing the weekend?
in the summer
in the fall 2 Read the text and underline eight mistakes. Write the
months of the year in January
correct prepositions below the text.
in September
on days of the week on Monday(s)
on Tuesday(s)
days and parts of the day on Thursday morning(s)
on Saturday night(s)
on Friday evening(s)
on New Year’s Day
the weekend on the weekend / on weekends
at times at 6 o’clock
at 11:30
midnight/noon/night at midnight
at noon / noon Every day, from Monday in Friday, I get up at 6:30.
at night I leave the house at 7:30, and I start work on 8:15. I
festivals at Thanksgiving don’t work on Friday afternoons. I finish work in noon.
at New Year’s On July and August, it’s very hot. I usually go to the
from … to days from Wednesday to Sunday swimming pool with my children in the afternoons,
months from January to June and in night, we go for a walk.
times from 6:30 to 9:00 In the weekend, I don’t get up early. At Saturday
years from 2000 to 2006 mornings, I go running on 11, and then my wife and I
make lunch. On Sundays, we usually take the children
Look! at night NOT in night BUT on Friday night to visit my parents or my wife’s parents.
1 4 7
2 5 8
We use these time expressions at the start or at the end of a sentence. We use a
3 6
comma after them if they are at the start.
I usually get up at 7:30. 3 Write sentences. Add prepositions.
At 7:30, I usually get up. 1 I visit my grandparents / the weekend
I have an Italian class on Wednesday evening.
On Wednesday evening, I have an Italian class. 2 February / we usually go skiing
We can use plurals for days, parts of the day, and weekend if we talk about things
that we do regularly. 3 I usually stop for a cup of coffee / noon

I don’t work on the weekend / on weekends.

4 Wednesday evenings / my sister does yoga
In the morning / In the mornings, I often go running before work.

5 Carlos works / Monday / Saturday

6 My daughter’s birthday is / the spring

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

4C Present continuous
We use the present continuous to talk about: 1 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
• things that are happening now. 1 using / the computer / Ella / is / ?
I’m taking a shower.
It’s raining. 2 parents / I / visiting / am / my
What are you reading?
• things that are temporary. 3 reading / Matt / the newspaper / is
We’re staying at a hotel.
I’m not working this week. 4 isn’t / my / working / phone

We form the present continuous with the verb be + the -ing form of the main verb.
5 staying / we / are / at a hotel / this weekend

4.9 I he / she / it you / we / they 6 you / going / where / are / ?

+ I’m getting dressed. He’s getting dressed. We’re getting dressed.
I’m not watching TV. She’s not watching We’re not watching 2 Complete the sentences with the correct present
–
TV. TV. continuous forms of the verbs in parentheses.
? Am I sleeping? Is she sleeping? Are they sleeping? 1 I dinner
Yes, I am. / No, I’m Yes, she is. / No, she’s Yes, they are. / No, right now. (have)
Y/N
not. not/isn’t. they’re not/aren’t. 2 We to the
beach now. (go)
3 The Internet
Spelling rules for the -ing form
today. (not work)
We usually add -ing to the base form of the verb. 4 Tim a shower? (take)
play ⇨ playing talk ⇨ talking 5 She a coat
When a verb ends in consonant + e, we usually remove the e today. (not wear)
and then add -ing. 6 What you ? (do)
take ⇨ taking live ⇨ living 7 I today
BUT be ⇨ being because it’s Saturday. (not study)
8 I in the right place? (sit)
When a one-syllable verb ends in a vowel + a consonant, we double the
consonant and then add -ing. 3 Look at the picture. Use the words to make questions
sit ⇨ sitting plan ⇨ planning and write true short answers.

Look! We often use the present continuous with time expressions such as
(right) now, today and this week/month/year.
I’m having breakfast right now.
I’m studying a lot this month.

1 they / talk

2 they / have / a good time

3 it / snow

4 it / rain

5 she / carry / an umbrella

6 he / wear / glasses

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

5A Simple present and present continuous

We use the simple present to talk about facts and things that happen regularly. 1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences
Sam lives in Australia. and questions.
We wear a uniform at work. 1 What do you do / are you doing right now?
I usually wake up at six o’clock. 2 Is he going / Does he go there often?
We use the present continuous to talk about things that are happening now, or are 3 They’re working / work late tonight.
temporary. 4 I never read / ’m never reading books.
5 I’m studying / study in my bedroom now.
I’m wearing blue pants today.
6 Most people finish / are finishing school at eighteen
I’m going to work by car today.
or nineteen years old.
My friend is living in New York right now.
We often use the simple present and present continuous together to contrast the 2 Complete the sentences with the simple present or
usual situation with what is happening now, or is temporary. present continuous form of the verbs in parentheses.
1 I right now. (read)
5.2 Present simple and present continuous 2 He to New York three times a year. (go)
3 They us every summer. (visit)
It usually doesn’t rain in the summer, but it’s raining today. 4 How Erica to work today? (get)
I usually wear jeans to work, but today I’m wearing a suit. 5 I coffee very often. (not drink)
I often don’t cook, but I’m cooking every evening this week. 6 We a really good TV series right now.
(watch)
There are some verbs that describe a state, not an action. We normally don’t use 7 I usually juice for breakfast. (have)
these verbs in the present continuous. 8 Please be quiet – the baby . (sleep)
I prefer this music. NOT I’m preferring this music. 3 Read the information. Then complete the text
Sorry, I don’t understand. NOT Sorry, I’m not understanding. about James.
I have some new sandals. NOT I’m having some new sandals.

Look! Here are some common state verbs:

l day
Feelings: like, love, hate, want, prefer, need
Typica
Thoughts and opinions: know, believe, remember, forget, understand, think d toast
States: be, belong, have (when we talk about relationships or possessions) tea an
suit
ll day
work a

Vacation
!
coffee an
d croissa
shorts an nts
d T-shirt
have a gr
eat time!

James usually 1 drinks tea and toast for

breakfast. He 2 wears a suit. He 3 works
all day. This week, James is on vacation. He
4 is coffee and croissants for
drinking
breakfast. He 5 is
wearing shorts and a T-shirt.
He 6 's having a great time!

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

5C can and can’t

We use can and can’t to talk about: 1 Look at the chart and complete the sentences with
• ability. can or can’t.
I can swim.
Craig Helen Manuel Silvia
My brother can play the guitar.
I can’t speak Italian. cook ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔
My sister can’t cook. play
✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
• possibility. tennis
You can make money from your hobby. drive ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘
It can snow here in the winter. speak
✘ ✘ ✘ ✔
You can’t get there by bus. French
• permission. 1 Craig cook, but he speak
You can take my umbrella. French.
We can sit here. 2 Helen play tennis, but she drive.
We can’t park on this street. 3 Craig, Helen, and Manuel speak French.
You can’t use this gym if you’re not a member. 4 Manuel cook, but he drive.
To make questions with can, we put can before the subject. We use the same form 5 Silvia cook and speak French.
for all people. 6 Craig, Helen, and Manuel drive.

I / you / he / she / it / we / they 2 Write short answers to the questions about the people
5.8
in exercise 1.
+ I can play the piano.
1 Can Silvia drive?
They can go to the city by bus. 2 Can Craig play tennis?
We can finish work early today. 3 Can Helen cook?
– She can’t speak Japanese. 4 Can Manuel speak French?
They can’t work at night. 5 Can Helen and Silvia play tennis?
6 Can Craig and Manuel drive?
You can’t walk on the grass.
? Can she play the guitar? 3 Complete the sentences about the pictures. Use can
or can’t and the phrases in the box.
Can you come to my party?
Can we park the car here? walk on the grass ride a bike on this street
Y/N Yes, we can. / No, we can’t. pay with a credit card park here for one hour

1 2
Look! The full form of can’t is cannot. We don’t often use cannot; can’t is
the usual negative form.
I can’t meet you tonight. NOT I cannot meet you tonight.
CREDIT CARDS
ACCEPTED
1 hour

3 4

1 You
2 You
3 You
4 You

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

6A there is/there are, some/any/no,

prepositions of place 1 Read the advertisement and then complete the sentences
We use there is to say that something singular exists. with there’s a/there are and there’s/there are no.
There’s a sofa in the living room.
Third-floor two-bedroom apartment in a popular area
There’s a small balcony in my apartment.
near stores and a park. Five-minute walk to subway
We use there are for the plural form. station. Living room with big windows. Kitchen,
There are five people in my family. bathroom (shower only, no bathtub). Empty – ready
There are three bedrooms in her apartment. to move in!
We use some and any with plural nouns. We use some in affirmative sentences when
more than one thing or person exists, but we don’t say exactly how many. 1 two bedrooms.
2 a bathroom.
There are some chairs in the classroom.
3 backyard, but a park
There are some new students in our class.
near the apartment.
I have some books in my bag.
4 some big windows in the living room.
We use any in negative sentences and questions with plural nouns. We use no after 5 bathtub in the bathroom.
an affirmative verb and with a singular or plural noun. 6 people in the apartment right now.
There are no tables. / There aren’t any tables. 7 some stores near the apartment.
I have no brothers or sisters. / I don’t have any brothers or sisters. 8 a subway station near the apartment.
Are there any shelves in the bedroom?
2 Complete the questions and answers about an apartment.
6.3 Singular nouns Plural nouns 1 garage in your apartment building?
No, .
+ There’s a shelf in my bedroom. There are some shelves in the kitchen. 2 shelves in the living room?
There’s no chair in my There are no / There aren’t any Yes, .
– 3 basement that you can use?
bedroom. chairs in the kitchen.
Yes, .
Is there a cabinet in your Are there any cabinets in the kitchen? 4 sofa in the living room?
?
bedroom? Yes, .
Yes, there is. / No, there’s not/ Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. 5 good restaurants in the area?
Y/N No, .
there isn’t.
6 schools for the children?
Yes, .
Prepositions of place
6.7 We use prepositions of place to describe location. 3 Look at the floor plan of a house. Complete the
sentences with prepositions of place.
The window is across from the door.
front yard

living kitchen dining

room room

backyard
front yard

bedroom bathroom bedroom

in front of under next to in 1 The kitchen is the bathroom.

2 The bathroom is the two bedrooms.
3 The dining room is the kitchen.
4 There is a small yard the house.
5 There is a large yard the house.
6 There are some trees the large yard.

on between behind across from

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

6C Modifiers 1 Rewrite the sentences. Put the modifier in parentheses

in the correct place.
We use modifiers with adjectives to make them stronger or weaker.
1 The beach is busy today. (very)

2 The stadium is full at the moment. (not very)

3 You can buy beautiful presents at the market. (really)

4 This is an old apartment building. (pretty)

5 This café is expensive. (not … at all)

6 I’m reading an interesting book right now. (pretty)

2 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1 a / bathroom / there / large / is / pretty
It’s really/very big. It’s pretty big.
2 a / skyscraper / I / in / very / tall / work

3 I / street / on / a / live / quiet / pretty

4 clothes / are / these / very / expensive

5 sister / at / isn’t / my / busy / all

6 food / good / the / isn’t / very

3 Look at Andy’s review of his vacation. Complete the

sentences about it using modifiers and the adjectives
in parentheses.
It’s not very big. It’s not big at all.

We use really and very to make an adjective stronger. old town

The city is really big. beautiful
The market is very busy on Saturdays. busy
We use pretty and not very to make an adjective weaker. If we use pretty, the adjective restaurants
has the same meaning, but is weaker. If we use not very, the adjective has the opposite expensive
meaning. good food
The bridge is pretty old. beaches
The apartment’s not very old. = The apartment is pretty new. crowded
We use not + adjective + at all to give a strong opposite meaning to an adjective. clean
The beach isn’t crowded at all. = The beach is very empty. • good for families
The restaurant’s not expensive at all. = The restaurant is very cheap. • cheap

6.12 The old town is 1 really beautiful (beautiful),

modifier + adjective modifier + adjective + (singular) noun but it’s 2 (busy). The restaurants
are 3 (expensive), and
The house is really/very beautiful. It’s a really/very beautiful house.
the food is 4 (good). The
The house is pretty beautiful. It’s a pretty beautiful house. beaches are 5 (crowded),
The house isn’t very beautiful. It’s not a very beautiful house. but they’re 6 (clean). It’s
7 (good) place for families because it’s 8
The house isn’t beautiful at all. It’s not a beautiful house at all.
(cheap) place to stay.

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7A Countable and uncountable nouns +

some/any 1 Look at the picture. Write a, an, or some.
Countable nouns are things that we can count.
I have a brother.
There are two glasses on the table.
There are fourteen students in the class.
Countable nouns have a singular and a plural form. We can use a/an with the
singular form.
Do you want a banana?
I like bananas.
We need an egg for this recipe.
We need three eggs for this recipe.
Uncountable nouns are things that we can’t count. They usually don’t have a plural
form, and we can’t use a/an with them.
I don’t like cheese.
Do you like lemonade?
There’s a lot of sugar in this cake.
We’re having pasta for dinner.

some/any
We use some in affirmative statements with uncountable nouns and plural countable
nouns. We use it when we don’t say exactly how much or how many. 1 meat
There’s some juice in the fridge. 2 chocolate
There are some apples in the bowl. 3 melon
4 apple
We use any in negative statements and questions with uncountable nouns and
5 bread
plural countable nouns.
6 orange
There isn’t any milk. 7 potatoes
We don’t have any oranges. 8 tomatoes
Do you have any money?
Are there any strawberries? 2 Complete the conversation with a, an, some, or any.
A What’s for lunch? Is there 1 pasta?
Uncountable B No, there isn’t 2 pasta. But there’s
7.4 Countable nouns nouns 3 rice in the cupboard.
A Good. And do we have 4 meat or fish?
Singular Plural
B Yes, we have 5 chicken and 6 fish.
There’s a banana. There are some There’s some water. There’s 7 green pepper and 8
+
bananas. onion, too, but there isn’t 9 salad.
There’s no lemon. There aren’t any lemons. There isn’t any A No problem. We can buy 10 salad at the
–
coffee. market.
? Is there an onion? Are there any onions? Is there any tea?
3 Make sentences. Add a, an, some, or any.
1 there / not / cheese / on this pizza
Look! We usually use some in questions when we offer something to
someone. 2 you / have / tomatoes / ?
Do you want some soup?
Would you like some carrots? 3 there / milk / in the fridge

4 we / not have / yogurt

5 there / mushrooms / in the shopping bag

6 there / water?

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7C Quantifiers: (how) much, (how) many,

a lot of, a few, a little 1 Complete the questions with How much or How
We use how much and how many to ask about quantity. We use how much with many.
uncountable nouns and how many with countable nouns. 1 cups of coffee do you drink every day?
How much fish do you eat every week? 2 sugar do you put in your coffee?
How many students are there in your class? 3 time do you spend online every day?
4 e-mails do you send every day?
We use a lot of or lots of with countable and uncountable nouns to talk about large
5 rooms are there in your home?
quantities. We can use them in affirmative sentences, negative sentences, and questions.
6 water do you drink every day?
I eat a lot of fruit. 7 brothers and sisters do you have?
I don’t eat a lot of apples. 8 jewelry do you wear?
Do you eat a lot of potato chips?
2 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
We use a lot of and many to ask about quantities. We use a lot of with uncountable
nouns and many with countable nouns. 1 There isn’t much / a lot cheese in the fridge.
2 I drink a lot / a little of tea every day.
Do you drink a lot of juice?
3 My friends don’t send me much / many messages.
Are there many/a lot of students in your class?
4 I don’t take much / a little sugar in my tea.
We use not much and not many in negative sentences to talk about small quantities. 5 It’s good to eat a lot / a little fish every week.
We use not much with uncountable nouns and not many with countable nouns. 6 I have much / lots of cousins.
There isn’t much sugar in this cake. 7 Do your children eat a few / a lot of fruit?
I don’t eat many potato chips. 8 I drink a little / a few glasses of milk every day.
We use a few and a little in affirmative sentences and questions to talk about small 3 Look at the picture and complete the sentences with
quantities. We use a little with uncountable nouns and a few with countable nouns. quantifiers.
I’d like a little milk in my coffee.
Would you like a little sugar in your coffee?
I eat a few pieces of fruit every day.
Are there a few eggs in the fridge?

7.8 Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

Large There are a lot of/lots of There’s a lot of/lots of cheese.

quantities crackers. Is there a lot of/lots of cheese?
Are there many crackers?
Are there a lot of/lots of
crackers?
Small There are a few crackers. There’s a little cheese.
quantities There aren’t many crackers. There’s not much cheese.
There aren’t a lot of crackers. There’s not a lot of cheese.
Are there a few crackers? Is there a little cheese?

Look! With a lot of / lots of, we don’t say of if we don’t say the noun.
Do you have any milk? Yes, we have a lot. NOT Yes, we have a lot of.

1 There are cups.

2 There isn’t cake.
3 There are bottles of water.
4 There’s pizza.
5 There aren’t potato chips.
6 There’s salad.

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8A Past of be, there was/there were, and

simple past: irregular verbs 1 Complete the sentences with was, wasn’t, were, or
We use the past of be and the simple past to talk about completed actions and weren’t.
situations in the past. 1 I born in the U.S. I’m Canadian.
2 Chris at my house yesterday. He was at
The past forms of the verb be are was and were.
home.
Life was difficult in the 1930s. 3 It Friday yesterday. Today is Saturday.
Our house wasn’t very big. 4 We at the movies last night. We left at
We were very happy. 10.00 p.m.
We weren’t rich. 5 The stores open, so we didn’t buy
anything.
8.2 I / he / she / it you / we / they 6 There any tickets, so we didn’t go to the
+ I was busy last week. We were busy last week. concert.
7 Lucia born in Uruguay in 1978.
– He wasn’t busy yesterday. They weren’t busy yesterday. 8 The market busy this morning. It was so
crowded.

there was/there were 2 Write the sentences in the negative.

We use there was/there were to say that something existed in the past. 1 I had breakfast this morning.
There was a TV in our living room.
There were two rooms in our apartment. 2 We read the newspapers yesterday.

Singular Plural 3 My dad made dinner last night.

8.3

There was a fridge in our There were a lot of books in 4 We bought a color TV in the 1970s.
+
kitchen. my bedroom.
5 I was at home on Saturday.
There was no/There wasn’t
– There weren’t any CDs.
any freezer.
6 My parents were on vacation last week.

Simple past: irregular verbs 3 Complete the text with the past of be or the simple
The verb be is irregular in the past. A lot of common verbs have an irregular past of the verbs in parentheses.
simple past form, too.
We made a cake yesterday.
I had an English class last week.
We make the negative simple past form of all verbs with didn’t + the base form of the verb.
We didn’t make bread yesterday.
I didn’t have a French class last week.

8.5 I / you / he / she / it / we / they

+ I bought a lot of books in the 1990s.

– I didn’t buy expensive clothes.
In the 19th century, life 1 (be) difficult for a
For a full list of irregular verbs, see page 176.
lot of people. Usually homes 2 (be) pretty
small. There usually 3 (not be) a bathroom
in the house. People 4 (not have) modern
inventions like TVs or radios. They 5 (not
buy) many things, and there 6 (not be) any
computers. But people 7 (read) books and
children 8 (have) toys.

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

8C Simple past: regular verbs and past time

expressions 1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. Use
We use the simple past to talk about completed actions and situations in the past. affirmative simple past forms.

With regular verbs, we usually add -ed to the base form of the verb. enjoy live play work listen watch
My brother worked as a waiter in London for two years. study want
In the past, children played with traditional toys. 1 In his last job, Tony at a bank.
My brother wanted a bike for his birthday. 2 We to the news on the radio.
I finished my exams last month. 3 She in Berlin in a great apartment.
4 Lena to go out, but her friends were busy.
Spelling rules for regular affirmative simple past -ed endings
5 They tennis in the park yesterday.
We usually add -ed to the verb. 6 My parents a movie online last night.
work ⇨ worked watch ⇨ watched 7 I reading my new book on the weekend.
8 I Spanish in Mexico a few years ago.
When a verb ends in e, we add -d.
dance ⇨ danced live ⇨ lived 2 Complete the sentences with yesterday, last, ago, or in.
When a verb ends in consonant + y, we change the y to i and then we add -ed. 1 Emma called me morning.
study ⇨ studied try ⇨ tried 2 Cameron stayed with us night.
3 I read four books on vacation summer.
When a verb ends in vowel + y, we add -ed. 4 We moved to Chicago eight years .
play ⇨ played enjoy ⇨ enjoyed 5 My dad opened a restaurant the 1980s.
When a verb ends in consonant + vowel + consonant, we usually double the 6 We watched a terrible movie on TV afternoon.
final consonant and add -ed. 7 1969, a person walked on the moon for
stop ⇨ stopped plan ⇨ planned the first time.
8 Carmen finished college four months .
We make the negative form of regular verbs with didn’t + base form. 3 Write sentences. Use the simple past and complete the
time expressions.
8.12 I / you / he / she / it / we / they
I enjoyed the meal.
I didn’t enjoy the movie last night.
We watched the movie together.
We didn’t watch TV.

Past time expressions

We often use past time expressions with the simple past to say when an action or
situation happened.
I played tennis last week.
I played tennis yesterday morning.
I moved to Spain seven years ago. 1 I / visit / China / 2013
In the 1920s, clothes were very different from now.
2 my family / live / in Australia / 1970s
last evening/night/week/month/year/spring/summer/fall/winter
3 Lucas / not finish / his homework / night
yesterday morning/afternoon/evening
two days 4 Sam and Ellie / celebrate / Sam’s birthday / at a
three weeks ago restaurant / two days
five years
5 the 1990s / a lot of people / listen to / dance music
in 1990/the 1930s/the 18th century

6 my brother / not want / to go to the movies / night

Look! We can say either “yesterday evening” or “last evening.”

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9A Past: questions
For the past of be, we form questions with was/were + subject. 1 Complete the past questions with the words in
Were you a good student? parentheses.
Was your school near your home? 1 (be/it) sunny yesterday?
Were the exams very difficult? 2 (you/play) golf with Laura?
Was English your favorite subject? 3 (they/enjoy) the game?
For the simple past, we form questions with did + subject + base form of the verb. 4 (be/Paul) good at golf?
5 (you/like) the golf course?
Did you study Spanish in school?
6 (be/it) busy?
Did your parents go to college?
7 (be/your shoes) comfortable?
Did you have toast for breakfast today?
8 (Paul/stay) with you on
the weekend?
9.4 I / he / she / it you / we / they
2 Write short answers to the questions in exercise 1.
Were Tom and Mía in class
Verb ? Was the class interesting? 1 Yes, .
yesterday?
be 2 Yes, .
Y/N Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. 3 Yes, .
? Did you have an English class last week? 4 No, .
Other 5 Yes, .
verbs Y/N Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. 6 No, .
7 No, .
We can put question words at the start of the question to ask for more information.
8 No, .
What was your favorite subject?
Where did you study? 3 Put the words in the correct order to make questions.
Who was your favorite teacher?
Why did you study history?
When did you finish college?
How was your vacation?
How many students were there in your class?
How much did your dictionary cost?
How long did you stay?
How far did you go?

1 you / a / did / vacation / good / have / ?

2 go / did / where / you / ?

3 on the tour / how many / were / people / ?

4 the / hotels / nice / were / ?

5 have / did / what time / you / dinner in the hotel / ?

6 food / like / the / you / did / ?

7 stay / did / long / how / you / ?

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9C Verb patterns: verb + infinitive

When we use two verbs together, we need to use the right form for the second verb. 1 Complete the sentences with the infinitive of the verbs
in the box.
We use an infinitive after some verbs. These verbs often (but not always) refer to
plans for the future. check get start run lose make pass talk

9.8 1 I’m learning jewelry.

2 She’s planning classes this fall.
We want go to the movies tonight. 3 Did he agree to you about it?
I hope see you tomorrow. 4 Emilio wants weight.
We’re planning move next year. 5 I need my e-mails.
to
She’d like visit the U.S. 6 Lisa is planning in shape this summer.
My parents need buy a new car. 7 They decided a marathon.
I intend join a gym. 8 I hope my exams this term.
Other verbs that are followed by an infinitive are: begin, choose, continue, agree, 2 Choose one or both options to complete the sentences.
decide, learn, prefer, offer, start. 1 He really doesn’t like to cook / cooking.
2 I’d like to change / changing my diet.
Look! The verbs begin and start can be followed by an infinitive or the -ing
3 Do you like to play / playing sports?
form. The meaning is the same.
4 She’d love to spend / spending more time with her
I began learning English when I was five. / I began to learn English when I was five.
grandchildren.
The bus didn’t come, so we started walking home. / The bus didn’t come, so
5 I like to earn / earning lots of money.
we started to walk home.
6 Would you like to make / making some new friends?
7 He’d love to go / going to college.
The full form of ’d like is would like. It means the same as want, but it is more polite.
I’d like to see your house. 3 Look at Gemma’s New Year resolutions. Then write
Would you like to come on vacation with me? sentences using the verbs in parentheses.
We can also say ’d love/would love + infinitive.
I’d love to go to Australia one day.
Would you like to go to the beach today? Yes, I’d love to!
New Year Resolutions!
Look! We use both an infinitive and the -ing form after like and love. The • learn Portuguese (plan)
meaning is different from ‘d like / ‘d love.
• go to Rio de Janeiro (want)
We like to travel/traveling. We’d like to go to Australia next year.
I love to play/playing soccer. I’d love to play for Real Madrid one day. • join a gym (plan)
• go running three times a
week (want)
• visit my parents more!
(need)
• get a new job (intend)
• save money and buy an
apartment (hope)
• meet someone nice (hope)

1 She is planning to
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

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10A Comparative adjectives

We use a comparative adjective + than to compare two things or people. 1 Complete the sentences with the comparatives of the
The park is nicer than the bus station. adjectives in parentheses.
Los Angeles is bigger than San Francisco. 1 Do you think a walk on the beach is than
The lasagna here is better than the chicken. going to a bowling alley? (romantic)
2 The second date is usually than the first!
10.2 comparative adj + than (easy)
3 Playing video games is than watching TV.
Adam is older than me. (exciting)
Julie is friendlier than Laura. 4 The apartments here are than those
downtown. (large)
Skiing is more dangerous than walking.
5 Sneakers are than sandals for long walks
up mountains. (good)
Spelling rules for comparative adjectives 6 It’s usually here in the spring than in the
When an adjective is one syllable, we add -er. summer. (wet)
fast ⇨ faster old ⇨ older 7 The movies are than the theater. (cheap)
8 Calling someone the wrong name on a date is
When a one-syllable adjective ends in -e, we add -r. than being a few minutes late. (bad)
nice ⇨ nicer safe ⇨ safer
2 Look at the pictures. Choose the correct words and
When a one-syllable adjective ends in a consonant + vowel + include comparative adjectives to complete the
consonant, we double the final consonant and add -er. sentences.
hot ⇨ hotter big ⇨ bigger
When an adjective ends in consonant + y, we usually change
the y to i and then we add -er.
easy ⇨ easier friendly ⇨ friendlier happy ⇨ happier
BUT shy ⇨ shyer dry ⇨ dryer
1 My hair was a lot / a bit more
large when I was
When an adjective is two or more syllables, we usually use
younger.
more + adjective.
dangerous ⇨ more dangerous crowded ⇨ more crowded Joe Chris 16kg
8kg
modern ⇨ more modern
Some comparatives are irregular.
good ⇨ better bad ⇨ worse far ⇨ further/farther
2 Joe’s suitcase is much / a little than
Look! With some two-syllable adjectives, we usually use -er, not more. Chris’s.
quiet ⇨ quieter narrow ⇨ narrower
Mexico City Seoul
We can also use less + adjective + than to compare things. 8938 km 8867 km

I’m less stressed on the weekend than during the week. = I’m more relaxed on
the weekend than during the week.

We can add much and a lot before comparatives to show there is a big difference. 3 Mexico City is much / a little from London
We can add a little or a bit before comparatives to show the difference is small. than Seoul.

much, a lot, a little, a bit

big difference:
New York is much bigger than Boston.
Skiing is a lot more dangerous than walking.
small difference:
Today is a little hotter than yesterday.
The café is a bit more crowded than the restaurant.

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10C Superlative adjectives

We use a superlative adjective to say that something is more than all the others in 1 Complete the sentences with the superlatives of the
a group. adjectives in parentheses.
New York is the biggest city in the U.S. 1 She’s girl that I know. (pretty)
The park is the nicest place in my town. 2 My friend Sam was person in my class.
The lasagna is the best thing on the menu. (popular)
3 My son’s child in the world! (beautiful)
We use the with superlative adjectives.
4 month of the year here is February. (hot)
New York is the biggest city in the U.S. NOT New York is biggest city in the U.S. 5 Singing in a band is thing that I do.
(exciting)
10.11 the + superlative adj 6 When was day of your life? (happy)
Adam is the oldest person in our class. 2 Complete the sentences with the superlatives of the
Julie is the friendliest person that I know. adjectives in the box.

Skiing is the most dangerous sport. romantic smart nice kind expensive noisy
1 piece of jewelry is this necklace. It cost
more than 100 dollars.
Spelling rules for superlative adjectives 2 You’re person that I know. You understand
When an adjective is one syllable, we add -est. things very quickly.
fast ⇨ fastest old ⇨ oldest 3 My sister is person in my family. She helps
older people with their shopping.
When a one-syllable adjective ends in -e, we add -st. 4 place at school was the cafeteria.
nice ⇨ nicest safe ⇨ safest Everybody talked there!
When a one-syllable adjective ends in consonant + vowel + consonant, 5 Mr. and Mrs. Brown are neighbors. They’re
we double the final consonant and add -est. really lovely people and friendly, too.
hot ⇨ hottest big ⇨ biggest 6 Sam often gives his girlfriend Katia flowers. He’s
of all my friends.
When an adjective ends in consonant + y, we usually change the y to i
and then we add -est. 3 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with
easy ⇨ easiest friendly ⇨ friendliest happy ⇨ happiest comparative or superlative adjectives.
BUT shy ⇨ shyest dry ⇨ dryest
big small
When an adjective is two or more syllables, we use most + adjective.
dangerous ⇨ most dangerous crowded ⇨ most crowded
modern ⇨ most modern
For some two-syllable adjectives we don’t use most.
clever ⇨ cleverest quiet ⇨ quietest narrow ⇨ narrowest 700 students 500 students 1000 students

Some superlatives are irregular. Anna Jodie Fumiko

good ⇨ best bad ⇨ worst far ⇨ furthest/farthest 1 Anna’s school is than Jodie’s.
2 Jodie’s school is .
3 Fumiko’s school is .
Look! If we use a possessive adjective directly before the superlative, we
don’t include the. good bad
Emily is my best friend.
What’s your most expensive possession?
A D A
A D A
A D B
A D B
B D B
B D C

Michael Jack Matt

Michael Jack Matt
4 Matt got grades than Jack on his exams.
5 Michael got grades.
6 Jack got grades.

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11A have to/don’t have to

We use have to + the base form of the verb to say that something is necessary. 1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
We have to wear a uniform in school. 1 I have to / don’t have to drive to work because there
I have to go to work by bus. are no buses or trains near my house.
My brother has to get up at 5:30 every morning. 2 We bought our train tickets online so we have to /
Donna has to call her parents every night. don’t have to buy them at the station.
We use don’t have to + base form to say that something isn’t necessary. 3 Visitors to our office have to / don’t have to sign the
visitors’ book. They can’t go into the building if they
I don’t have to work on Mondays.
don’t sign it.
They don’t have to study today. It’s Sunday.
4 Elena is a waitress and she usually has to / doesn’t
Carlotta doesn’t have to buy a new computer. She got one for her birthday.
have to work on the weekend because it’s a busy time
Simon doesn’t have to cook dinner tonight. He’s at a restaurant.
at the restaurant.
We use have to/don’t have to for situations in the present and in the future. 5 You have to / don’t have to wash those cups. Put them
I have to wear a uniform at work. (present situation) in the dishwasher!
I don’t have to get up early tomorrow. (future situation) 6 We have to / don’t have to walk the dog twice a day
because he needs the exercise.
I / you / we / they he / she / it 7 My brother has to / doesn’t have to go far to work. His
11.2
office is only about a kilometer from his home.
+ I have to work tomorrow. Jack has to take the train to work. 8 My parents have to / don’t have to teach me to drive,
but they’re giving me a lot of lessons at the moment!
– I don’t have to work on Sunday. He doesn’t have to start work
at 7:30. 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of have
to or don’t have to.
? Do you have to take the train Does he have to wear a uniform?
today? 1 I’m sorry. I can’t talk now. I go!
2 “ you get up early to go to
Y/N Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. work?” “Yes. I get up at five.”
3 Matt get in shape. He already swims, runs,
Look! We use had to/didn’t have to to say that something wasn’t necessary and plays soccer every week.
in the past. 4 You make dinner. I can do it.
I had to visit my aunt every weekend. 5 children go to school when
We didn’t have to play sports after school. they’re five?
6 My sister teach in a school as part of her
degree in education.
7 We stay at home. Do you want to go for
a walk?
8 What train Paul catch in the
morning?
3 Look at the job information. Complete the sentences
with have to or don’t have to and the verbs from the box.

a uniform ✘ clothes from the store ✔

clothes at full price ✘ customers ✔
after 6 p.m. ✘ on the weekend ✔
a degree ✘ 18+ ✔

buy have work (x2) wear (x2) be serve

1 You a uniform.
2 You clothes from the store, but you
our clothes at full price. You get 50% off.
3 You customers.
4 You on the weekend, but you
after 6 p.m.
5 You over 18, but you a degree.

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

11C be going to and future time

expressions 1 Write sentences. Use be going to.
We use be going to + the base form to talk about future plans. 1 Mark / play / guitar / this evening

I’m going to visit friends in Mexico this year.

He’s going to have pizza for dinner tonight. 2 my parents / go / vacation / tomorrow
We’re not going to stay at a hotel.
What are you going to do this summer? 3 my sister / not run / a marathon / this summer

11.7 I he / she / it you / we / they 4 I / cook / dinner / tonight

I’m going to relax by She’s going to stay We’re going to visit a
+
the pool. at a campsite. museum. 5 you / go / swimming / this afternoon?

I’m not going to She’s not/She isn’t My friends aren’t

6 we / not use / our car / this year
– study this weekend. going to stay at an going to visit me next
apartment. year.
Am I going to meet Is she going to stay Are they going to eat 2 Jamie, Fran, Paola,
? and Alfredo are on
your friends later? at a hostel? out tonight?
vacation together.
Yes, I am. / No, Yes, she is. / No, Yes, they are. / No, Complete the
Y/N
I’m not. she’s not/she isn’t. they’re not/ they aren’t. conversation with the
correct form of be
Look! When the main verb is go, we do not normally use to go after going. going to and a verb
Are you going surfing tomorrow? from the box.
Camille is going abroad next year.
But it is also correct to use to go.
Are you going to go surfing tomorrow? read visit play relax not do take (x2) do go (x2)
Camille is going to go abroad next year.
Jamie What 1 you and Alfredo
tomorrow?
Future time expressions Paola In the morning, we 2 sightseeing
We often use the following future time expressions with be going to: in the city. We 3 the castle and go
shopping. What about you?
this morning / afternoon / evening / week / weekend / month Jamie We 4 running, and then we
/ year / spring / summer / fall / winter / January, etc. 5 by the pool. In the afternoon, Fran
6 a surfing class, and I 7
tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening / night
my book on the beach.
next week / month / year / spring / summer / fall / winter / Paola 8 Fran a surfing class
January, etc. every day?
in the morning / afternoon / evening / spring / summer / fall Jamie Yes, she is. She really wants to learn.
/ winter / January, etc. Paola Don’t you want to?
Jamie No, I just want to relax. I 9 much this
Look! We say tonight, NOT this night. week. Just a bit of running and swimming.
Paola What about volleyball? Alfredo 10
volleyball this evening. Are you interested?
Today is Monday, January 1st. Jamie Yeah! Thanks!
Monday January 1st this week this morning tonight
Tuesday January 2nd tomorrow morning tomorrow night 3 Today is Monday, March 10th. Write the time
Wednesday January 3rd expressions for the days and times.
Thursday January 4th 1 the morning of March 11th
Friday January 5th 2 March 17–23th
Saturday January 6th this weekend 3 March 10–16th
Sunday January 7th 4 the evening of March 10th
Monday January 8th next Monday next Monday night 5 April
6 Saturday, March 15th and Sunday, March 16th

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

12A Present perfect with ever and never

We use the present perfect to talk about experiences in our lives. 1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
I’ve visited China. 1 Lev has / have worked as a professional dancer.
He hasn’t been to Australia. 2 I’ve never / ever been to an opera.
Have you worked in a restaurant? 3 I has / have acted in a few plays.
We often use ever in a question with the present perfect. It emphasizes that we are 4 Have you ever / Have ever you listened to jazz?
talking about “our whole lives up to now.” 5 Tom doesn’t work here. He’s been / moved to a
different company.
Have you ever listened to classical music?
6 We’ve ever / never visited the museum in my town.
Have your parents ever been to a festival?
We often use never to make a negative sentence with the present perfect. It 2 Complete the sentences with the past participles of
emphasizes that we are talking about “our whole lives up to now.” the verbs in parentheses.
I’ve never tried Russian food. 1 I’ve never a foreign language. (study)
He’s never been to Scotland. 2 I’ve in a restaurant, but I’ve never
in a store. (work)
We form the present perfect with the verb have and the past participle of the main verb.
3 Have you ever volleyball? (play)
4 Has your mother-in-law ever with you?
12.2 I / you / we / they he / she / it
(stay)
+ I’ve visited a lot of castles. He’s been to Vietnam. 5 I’ve never to a classical concert. (be)
6 We’ve never a famous person. (see)
– They haven’t studied Italian. She hasn’t played badminton. 7 We’ve never together. (act)
? Have you stayed in this hotel? Has he worked in London? 8 My sisters haven’t me in New York. (visit)
9 I’ve a lot of Indian food. (cook)
Y/N Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
3 Write short conversations. Use the present perfect.
For regular verbs, the past participle form is the same as the past simple form. It ends
in -ed. See page 127 for the spelling rules for simple past forms ending in -ed.

Look! In the present perfect, we use the past participle -ed form for
negative sentences and questions, as well as affirmative sentences. This is
different from the simple past, where we only use the simple past -ed form for
affirmative sentences. Compare:
Did you visit the National Gallery yesterday?
Have you visited the National Gallery? NOT Have you visit the National Gallery?
I didn’t visit the National Gallery yesterday.
I haven’t visited the National Gallery. NOT I haven’t visit the National Gallery.

Like the simple past, a lot of common verbs have an irregular past participle. For a full
list of irregular verbs, see page 176.

1
Look! When we talk about experiences, we sometimes use been to instead A you / ever / go / to Peru?
of gone to to say that someone went somewhere and returned.
She’s been to London three times. = (She went and returned.) B no / I / never / go / to South America

2
A your mom / ever / study / English?

B yes / and / she / study / German, too

3
A Charlie and Kate / ever / play / rock music?

B no / but / they / play / classical music

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

12C Present perfect and simple past

We use the present perfect to talk about an experience in our lives. We use the 1 Choose the correct words to complete the conversation.
present perfect to introduce a topic and say that it happened. A 1Have you ever been / Did you ever go to Peru?
I’ve met Jennifer Lawrence. B Yes, I have. 2I’ve been / I went with some friends from
I’ve been to New York. college last year.
My sister has started a new job. A Where 3have you been / did you go?
B To Machu Picchu. 4It’s been / It was fantastic.
When we give details about the experience (for example, when something happened,
A I’d love to go there! 5I’ve been / I went to Lima in
what exactly happened, who you were with, or how you felt), we use the simple past.
2010, but not Machu Picchu.
I’ve met Jennifer Lawrence. I met her in a hotel in London. B Machu Picchu is amazing! 6We’ve had / We had a great
I’ve been to New York. I went there in 2005. time.
My sister has seen a shark. She was really scared. A What 7have you done / did you do there?
When we ask for more details about past events, we usually use the simple past, not B 8We’ve been / We went on some incredible hikes.
the present perfect. 2 Complete the conversation with the words in parentheses
Where did you meet Jennifer Lawrence? NOT Where have you met Jennifer using the present perfect or the simple past.
Lawrence? 1
A (you / ever / see) the movie Selma?
When did you go to New York? NOT When have you been to New York?
B Yes. I 2 (see) it in 2015.
How did your sister feel? NOT How has your sister felt? 3
A (you / like) it?
We often start a conversation with the present perfect. When we give details about B Yes, it 4 (be) great. David Oyelowo
5 (play) Martin Luther King Jr. very well.
the experience, or ask for them, we change to the simple past.
A 6 (he / win) any awards?
B Yes, he 7 (win) some awards.
12.11 8
A (he / be) in other movies?
Situation Form Example B Yes. He 9 (be) in Lincoln. I 10
Question about an experience Present perfect Have you ever been to Spain? (love) that movie!

Answer Present perfect Yes, I have. 3 Write the conversation. Use the present perfect and
the simple past.
Details Simple past I went there two years ago.
Question asking for details Simple past Did you go to Madrid?
Answer Simple past No, I didn’t. But I went to
Valencia and Málaga.

For a full list of irregular verbs, see page 176.

A you / ever / do / karate?

B yes / I / try / it / two years ago

A what / you / think / of it?

B I / really / like / it

A where / you / learn?

B I / take / classes at the sports center

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 VOCABULARY PRACTICE

1A Countries and nationalities 1A Numbers 1–1,000

1 1.2 Complete the chart with the nationalities in the box. Listen 1 1.7 Write the missing numbers. Listen and check.
and check.
0 zero/oh 21 twenty-one
Portuguese British Mexican French Argentinian 1 one 22 twenty-two
Polish Chinese Italian Brazilian Spanish 2 two 23
3 three 30 thirty
Country Nationality
4 four 31
1 China 5 five 32 thirty-two
2 Japan Japanese 6 six 40 forty
3 Portugal 7 seven 50
4 Vietnam 8 eight 60 sixty
Vietnamese
9 nine 70 seventy
5 England English 10 ten 80 eighty
6 Ireland Irish 11 90 ninety
7 Poland 12 twelve 100 a hundred/one hundred
8 Scotland
13 thirteen 101 a hundred and one
Scottish
14 fourteen 102
9 Spain
15 200 two hundred
10 Turkey Turkish 16 sixteen 210 two hundred and ten
11 the UK
17 seventeen 322

12 Germany
18 eighteen 468 four hundred and sixty-eight
German
19 nineteen 713
13 Mexico
20 1,000 a thousand/one thousand
14 the U.S. American
We often pronounce zero “oh” when we say numbers one at a time:
15 Argentina “I’m in room four-oh-three.”(=403)
16 Australia Australian 2 Look at the pictures and complete the numbers in words.
17 Brazil

18 Canada Canadian
19 Colombia Colombian
20 Egypt Egyptian 1 It’s Lucy’s birthday. She’s 5 A normal year has
21 Peru
. days.
Peruvian
22 Italy
PARIS 480
23 Russia 98
Russian

24 France 2 The Jones family live on 6 It’s kilometers to

, Main Street. Paris.
2 Complete the sentences about the people.
1 Diego is Peruvian. He’s from . NEWTOWN
population 658
204
2 Natasha is Russian. She’s from .
3 Troy is American. He’s from .
4 Mesut is Turkish. He’s from . 3 The population of Newtown is 7 Our hotel room is number
5 Dominique and Ellie are Canadian. They’re from . . .
6 Ana is Colombian. She’s from .
7 Maciek and Janusz are Polish. They’re from . $400
8 Hong is Vietnamese. She’s from .
9 Oscar and Ana are Brazilian. They’re from .
10 José Carlos is Mexican. He’s from . 4 The bike is dollars. 8 The watch is euros.

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 VOCABULARY PRACTICE

1C Personal objects
1 1.9 Match the words in the box with pictures 1–20. Listen and check.

key sunglasses mirror gloves chewing gum flashlight tissues photo stamps glasses
identity card watch umbrella hairbrush wallet candy change purse comb tablet cell phone

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20

2 Read the information about plurals. Write plurals for the words. 4 1.10 Now read about the pronunciation of plurals ending in -s
and -es. Put the plurals from exercise 2 into the chart. Listen and check.
Look! We make most plurals by adding -s or -es. We add -es
if a word ends in -ch, -sh, -s,-x, or -z: /s/ /z/ /ɪz/
stamp  stamps, watch  watches. when the final when the final sound when the final
sound in the word in the word is /b/, /d/, sound in the word
1 comb 7 photo
is /t/, /k/, /p/, /f/, /g/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /v/, is /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /ʒ/,
2 hairbrush 8 change purse
or /θ/ /ð/, or a vowel sound /ʃ/, /s/, /ks/, or /z/
3 card 9 tablet
4 key 10 flashlight combs
5 mirror 11 umbrella
6 cell phone 12 wallet

3 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1 Is that rain? Where’s my umbrella / hairbrush?
2 Look at this photo / mirror of my boyfriend.
3 Do you have a tablet / stamp? I want to send a letter.
4 What time is it? I don’t have my wallet / watch.
5 It’s very cold today. Take some mirrors / gloves with you.
6 I always wear combs / glasses when I read.
7 Where’s my car key / card?
8 I have twenty dollars in my change purse / flashlight.
9 It’s very sunny. Where are my tablets / sunglasses?
10 Chewing gum / Candy is bad for your teeth.

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 VOCABULARY PRACTICE

2A Jobs and job verbs

1 2.1 Match the jobs in the box with pictures 1–20. Listen and check.

hairdresser tour guide police officer doctor electrician teacher taxi driver dentist flight attendant singer mechanic
nurse lawyer waiter/waitress receptionist businessperson accountant construction worker chef salesclerk

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20

2 2.2 Match the two parts to make sentences. Listen and check. 3 Complete the sentences with job verbs and jobs.
1 He cooks a a taxi. 1 Mario works in a garage. He cars. He’s a .
2 He drives b food in a restaurant. 2 Samantha works in a high school. She French and Spanish.
3 He fixes c English in a school. She’s a .
4 They make d work at 9 a.m. 3 Hitoshi and Kazuo work in the kitchen of a restaurant. They
5 She serves e people’s hair. the food for the customers. They are .
6 He wears f food to customers. 4 Tomiko also works in the restaurant. She the customers in
7 They start g people at a tourist office. the restaurant. She’s a .
8 She teaches h cars in a garage. 5 Maya is a . She people’s hair.
9 He finishes i computers in a store. 6 Terry works at night. He a taxi in different places in New
10 He cuts j a suit at work. York. He’s a .
11 She helps k clothes in a factory. 7 Raul works in a clothing store. He clothes. He’s a .
12 She sells l work at 6 p.m. 8 Ola, Piotr, and Marta are in a pop group. Marta plays the drums, Piotr
plays the guitar, and Ola . She’s the group’s .
9 Mark works on airplanes. He a uniform. He
food and drink to the passengers. He’s a .
10 Clara works in a hospital. She work at 7 p.m., and she
late, at 8:30 p.m. She’s not a doctor. She’s a .
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 VOCABULARY PRACTICE

2B Activities (1)
1 2.7 Look at pictures 1–20 and complete the phrases with the words in the box. Listen and check.

study book (my) friends read time walk guitar movie TV

dinner watch play radio listen running coffee movies relax

1 go to the 2 go out for 3 go out for 4 go for a 5 go 6 to music

7 listen to the 8 spend 9 tennis 10 play the 11 the 12 read a

with my family newspaper

13 14 see a 15 16 meet 17 soccer 18 watch

2 Complete the sentences with phrases from exercise 1. Use the 3 Correct the mistakes in the sentences. Rewrite the sentences.
correct form. 1 My friend Tara plays a guitar in a rock group.
1 My sister in a band. She’s really good.
2 My dad always at breakfast. He likes reading the 2 Do you want to watch movie tonight?
sports section.
3 We on Saturday evenings. We go to a very good 3 I always listen music on the train.
Chinese restaurant.
4 I want to get some exercise. Do you want to with 4 I usually meet the friends after work.
me in the park?
5 I all the time. I’m a Barcelona fan. 5 I want to go the movies this weekend.
6 I in the car. I play my favorite songs.
7 After work on Fridays, I in town, and we go to a 6 My parents play the tennis with their friends.
café to talk.
8 On the weekend, Rosie : her parents, her brother,
and her two sisters.
9 My sister and I on Saturdays. I usually have a
cappuccino, and she has a latte.
10 I in the library after class.

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3A Family
1 3.2 Complete Jack’s family tree with the words in the box. Listen and check.

wife father-in-law sister-in-law daughter brother sister nephew niece father aunt cousin (×2) grandmother

Bill Marion
1grandfather 2

Diane Robert Christine Harry Jane Tim

3 4 5mother-in-law 6 7mother 8uncle

Stephen Paula Louise Carrie Andy Sarah David

9 10 11 12 13 14 15brother-in-law
JACK

Evie Zach Solomon Carmen

16 17son 18 19

2 3.3 Complete the sentences with the correct names. 3 Complete the chart with the family words from exercises 1 and 2.
1 and are Jack’s parents. male female male and female
2 and are Jack’s in-laws (mother- and father-
in-law).
3 and are Jack’s grandparents.
4 and are Jack’s children.
5 #, #, and are Harry and
Jane’s grandchildren.
6 Jack is and ’s son-in-law.
7 Carrie is and ’s daughter-in-law.
8 Jack is ’s husband. 4 Find three false definitions. Write the correct definitions.
9 #, and are Bill and Marion’s 1 My nephew is my brother’s son.
grandsons. 2 My mother-in-law is my wife’s sister.
10 is Robert and Christine’s granddaughter. 3 My daughter is my son’s sister.
4 My granddaughter is my daughter’s daughter.
5 My niece is my cousin’s daughter.
6 My father-in-law is my husband’s father.
7 My grandparents are my nephew’s parents.
8 My cousins are my aunt’s children.

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 VOCABULARY PRACTICE

3C Activities (2)
1 3.7 Match the phrases below with pictures a–p. Listen and check.

a b c d

e f g h

i j k l

m n o p

do play go have visit

1 karate 4 golf 7 bowling 12 a barbecue 14 a gallery
2 yoga 5 volleyball 8 bike riding 13 a picnic 15 a museum
walk 6 the violin 9 dancing 16 relatives
3 the dog 10 shopping
11 swimming

2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form. 3 Write the phrases from exercise 1 that match the sentences.
1 They a barbecue every time it’s hot and sunny. 1 If you’re interested in very old things, you can do this.
2 We always a picnic for my birthday.
3 I yoga on Friday mornings. 2 This is when you go to see your cousins, grandparents, etc.
4 We volleyball on the beach.
5 I sometimes galleries. 3 Lots of people do this Japanese sport.
6 I always dancing with my family on Saturday evenings.
7 My son the violin in his school orchestra. 4 Lots of people do this sport on the beach in the summer.
8 I don’t go to the gym, but I dancing on weekends.
9 My best friend bike riding every Sunday afternoon. 5 You can do this in the sea or at a pool.
10 My children often bowling with their friends.
6 This is when you cook a meal outside.

7 You need a bicycle for this.

8 You need a very large open green space if you want to do this sport.

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 VOCABULARY PRACTICE

4A Daily routine verbs

1 4.1 Match pictures a–o with activities 1–15. Listen and check.

1 have lunch a b c d e
2 have dinner
3 go to school
4 get dressed
5 wake up
6 take a shower
7 get up
8 go to work
9 take a bath
10 go to bed
11 go to sleep f g h i j
12 finish school
13 get home
14 finish work
15 have breakfast

k l m n o

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4B The weather and the seasons

1 4.5 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the cities. Listen and check.

30

22° -11° 14° 36° 12° 10° 1°

BARCELONA ST PETERSBURG SHANGHAI MUMBAI SAN FRANCISCO LIVERPOOL STOCKHOLM

1 It’s raining/rainy in . 4 It’s warm in . 7 It’s sunny in . 10 It’s cloudy in .

2 It’s snowing/snowy in . 5 It’s very cold in . 8 It’s foggy in . 11 It’s icy in .
3 It’s hot in . 6 It’s wet in . 9 It’s windy in . 12 It’s cold in .

2 Label the pictures with the seasons. Then write a word from exercise 1 to describe the weather in each season.
summer fall spring winter

, , , ,

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 VOCABULARY PRACTICE

5A Clothes
1 5.1 Label the clothes and jewelry in the pictures with the words in the box. Listen and check.

belt tie necklace bracelet pants T-shirt earrings boots coat jacket jeans sandals blouse
sneakers scarf jewelry dress gloves hat shirt shoes shorts skirt socks suit sweater

5 10
1

11
6
2
12
7
3
13
8

4 14
9

15
18
22
16
21 23
19
17
24

20
25

26

2 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1 My pants are too big. I need a necklace / belt. 6 My daughter likes climbing trees, so she wears pants / a skirt.
2 Jim hates wearing a suit and tie / scarf. He prefers jeans and a T-shirt. 7 Sally’s going to a party, so she’s wearing a T-shirt / dress.
3 When Anna goes running, she wears boots / sneakers. 8 In the summer, I like wearing shorts / shoes and sandals.
4 I like wearing jewelry, especially sandals / earrings. 9 Should I wear my red blouse / socks or my blue shirt with my jeans?
5 It’s cold outside. Wear a scarf and gloves / shorts. 10 You need to wear a coat / suit when you go to a job interview.

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5A Ordinal numbers
1 5.4 Write the ordinal numbers. Listen and check. 2 Complete the sentences with the ordinal numbers in parentheses.
1 first 8 15 Write them in words.
2 9 20 twentieth 1 Kazakhstan is the biggest country in the world. (9)
3 third 10 tenth 21 2 December is the month of the year. (12)
4 11 22 twenty-second 3 Barack Obama was the president of the U.S. (44)
5 12 30 thirtieth 4 International Women’s Day is March . (8)
6 sixth 13 thirteenth 40 5 Valentine’s Day is on February . (14)
7 seventh 14 fourteenth 50 fiftieth 6 Veterans Day is November . (11)

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 VOCABULARY PRACTICE

5C Hobbies
1 5.7 Match the verbs in the box with pictures 1–15. You need some verbs more than once. Listen and check.

collect play make sew knit sing dance take write paint draw bake

1 2 3 online games 4 5 photos

6 a blog 7 the drums 8 jewelry 9 10 chess

11 12 13 stamps 14 15 coins

2 Match the hobbies with the descriptions. 3 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1 These hobbies are connected to music. 1 Right now, I’m drawing / knitting a sweater. I want to finish it before
the winter.
2 People often do these hobbies in beautiful places. 2 I collect stamps / coins. My favorite one is made of gold.
3 Everyone can sew / take photos on their smartphones, but some
3 This hobby is connected to food. people can do it really well.
4 My friend Emily makes / sews jewelry. She’s making me a necklace for
4 You study and collect objects for this hobby. my birthday.
5 We need someone who plays the drums / bakes for our band. Do you
5 You need another person to do this hobby. know anyone?
6 My cousin is traveling in Africa at the moment, and she makes / writes
6 These hobbies are connected to clothes. a blog every day. I like reading it to find out what she’s doing.
7 My wife loves painting / baking, and I love eating her cakes and
7 You need to use the Internet for this hobby. cookies. We’re a perfect match!
8 My friend Matt is learning to dance / sing. Right now, he’s learning the
tango.

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 VOCABULARY PRACTICE

6A Rooms and furniture

1 6.1 Label the picture with the rooms and places in the box. Listen and check.
yard balcony kitchen bedroom living room bathroom (x2) dining room study garage hall attic basement stairs

1
6
2
7
3
8
4
e 9
c
5 b

d 10
a

11 g

h i k
j l
f

12
13 14

2 6.2 Find the furniture items in the picture. Write the letters a-l. Listen and check.
1 armchair 4 stove 7 shelves 9 table 11 washing machine
2 bed 5 cabinets 8 sofa 10 closet 12 mirror
3 chairs 6 desk

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6B Common adjectives
1 6.8 Match the adjectives with their opposites. 2 Complete the sentences with opposite adjectives.
Listen and check. 1 I don’t like restaurants. I like places where you can talk
1 expensive a wide with friends.
2 clean b uncomfortable 2 My girlfriend usually buys clothes. I’m different – I buy
3 narrow c light clothes and have some money for other things.
4 noisy d cheap 3 We have two sofas. One is old, but very – it’s perfect for watching a
5 comfortable e traditional movie. The other one is new, but it’s .
6 heavy f dirty 4 My husband wants to buy some furniture, but I don’t. I want some
7 modern g quiet things because our apartment is very new.
5 Your T-shirt is really ! Go and find a blouse.
6 My bike is very , but Carl’s is really . I can carry his bike
with one hand.
7 I only have a double bed and a small closet in my bedroom. The room’s
and the bed’s , so I have no space.
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6C Places in a city
1 6.15 Match the places in the box with pictures 1–14. Listen and check.

apartment building bridge cathedral concert hall library market monument

mosque office building park skyscraper square stadium theater

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14

2 Match the places in a city with the definitions. Some places go with 3 Complete the sentences with places in a city.
more than one definition. 1 This famous is for Abraham Lincoln.
1 People live here. 2 Let’s go to the and buy some food for a picnic.
2 You go here for entertainment. , , 3 We live on the ninth floor of this .
3 This is a religious building. , 4 You can see the from about 20 km. away. It’s very tall.
4 This is usually a tall building. , , 5 I work in a small downtown. It has four floors.
5 This can be outdoors or indoors. 6 At the , you leave your shoes at the door before you go in.
6 It is very quiet in this building. 7 There are concerts and soccer games at this .
7 You often find this in the center of a square. 8 You can walk or ride a bike over this , but you can’t drive over it.
8 You can sometimes find restaurants here. 9 There are concerts in our city’s every winter.
10 The central in Wroclaw is really beautiful. There are
colorful houses on all four sides.
11 I often go to the to study.

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 VOCABULARY PRACTICE

7A Food and drink

1 7.1 Complete the food groups with the words in the box. Listen and check.

cabbage cereal cookies eggs fish grapes juice melon

mushrooms onion orange peas potato chips rice tea yogurt

fruit

1pear 2apple 3banana 4lemon 5strawberry 6 7 8

vegetables

9pepper 10carrot 11beans 12tomato 13cucumber 14potato 15 16 17 18

grains

19pasta 20bread 21 22

protein and dairy

23meat 24beef 25cheese 26ice cream 27milk 28 29 # 30

snacks and others

31cake 32salad 33French fries 34soup 35 36

drinks

37coffee 38cola 39 40

2 Read the definitions and write the words.

1 A small yellow fruit. 6 The meat from a cow.
2 Food for breakfast. We usually eat it with milk. 7 An orange vegetable.
3 A white vegetable. We often cook with it. 8 A small green or purple fruit.
4 A cold brown drink. 9 A large green vegetable.
5 Very small green vegetables. 10 A large green or yellow fruit.

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7C Containers and portions

1 7.6 Match the phrases in the box with pictures 1–15. Listen and check.

a bar of a bag of a bottle of a bowl of a box of a can of (x2) a carton of

a cup of a glass of a jar of a packet of a piece of a slice of a spoonful of

1 tea 2 bread 3 juice 4 tomatoes 5 cookies

6 cereal 7 cheese 8 pasta 9 olive oil 10 honey

11 carrots 12 chocolate 13 water 14 cola 15 sugar

2 Choose the food or drink that isn’t possible. 3 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
1 a bowl of soup / ice cream / cola I have two or three
1 of coffee every day.
2 a jar of olives / jam / meat How many
2 of bread do you want?
3 a bag of cookies / apple juice / potato chips There are two
3 of lemonade in the fridge.
4 a slice of yogurt / cake / apple We need a big
4 of apple juice.
5 a can of peas / tomatoes / sugar I have a
5 of cereal in the cabinet, but I don’t want it.
6 a carton of cereal / juice / milk We love olives, so we always have a few
6 in the cabinet.
7 a piece of cheese / meat / tea It’s very hot. I need a
7 of water.
8 a cup of coffee / potato / water If I want a snack, I buy a
8 of chocolate.
9 a can of honey / cola / lemonade There’s a
9 of strawberry jam, if you want some on your
10 a spoonful of oil / honey / cheese toast.
10 I sometimes buy a of potato chips for my daughter.

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 VOCABULARY PRACTICE

8A Inventions
1 8.1 Match the words in the box with pictures 1–18. Listen and check.

freezer color TV smartphone fridge digital camera cassette player dishwasher (clothes) dryer DVD player
black-and-white TV laptop GPS toaster video player microwave CD player vacuum cleaner washing machine

1 2 3 4

5 6 7

8 9 10 11

12 13 14

15 16 17 18

2 Match the words from exercise 1 with the descriptions below.

1 You use this to watch a show. , , 6 You can use this to help you find a place. ,
2 You keep food in this. , 7 You can use this if you want to watch a movie. , ,
3 You use this to cook food. , 8 You can use the Internet on this. ,
4 You use this after you wash clothes. 9 You can take photos with this, but you can’t use the Internet.
5 You use this to listen to music. , , 10 You can use this to wash plates and cups. .
,

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8B Life stages
1 8.7 Match the words and phrases in the box with pictures 1–12. Listen and check.

be born meet someone get divorced finish school go to college retire

have a baby/family start school get married get a job get a degree die

1 be born 3 5 7 9 11

2 4 6 8 10 12 die

2 Complete the sentences with phrases in the correct form. 5 Dani doesn’t want to after he finishes school. He wants to
1 My dad last year. But he’s still really busy all the time! start working, instead.
2 My sister and my brother-in-law want to buy a big house with lots of 6 Jenny is in college. She wants to in French and Russian.
bedrooms before they . 7 My friends Emily and Martyn last year on a beach in the
3 In the U.S., children when they are five years old. Caribbean! It was beautiful!
4 These days, a lot of people use the Internet to try to 8 Most women have babies in the hospital, but my dad at
special. home.

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8B Irregular verbs
1 8.9 Match the irregular simple past forms in the box with the 2 Complete the text with the simple past forms of the verbs in the box.
verbs. Listen and check.
have drive leave come do get (x2) know take meet
spoke heard said began had ate drank left
thought gave drove did saw got came took This is my family, and I’m Australian, but my dad is British. He
1 the UK, and 2 here in 1985. He 3
went met wrote knew
a job in Sydney because he 4 some people there. He
1 begin 11 say 5 my mom. They 6 married and 7
2 come 12 see two children – my brother and me. They
3 do 13 leave 8 a lot of
4 drink 14 speak things with us and
5 drive 15 get 9 us to lots
6 eat 16 take of beautiful places. We
7 go 17 think 10 from
8 give 18 write Sydney to Melbourne
9 hear 19 meet once, and another
10 know 20 have time from Sydney to
Brisbane, in our old car!

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9A School subjects and education

1 9.1 Match the school subjects in the box with pictures 1–15. Listen and check.

art biology chemistry geography history IT (information technology) literature math (mathematics)
foreign languages music PE (physical education) physics science social studies technology

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13

14 15

2 9.2 Match the parts of the phrases. There are usually two or 3 Complete the definitions with words from exercises 1 and 2.
more possible matches. Listen and check. 1 Very young children go to learn in these places. ,
1 pass a nursery school
2 take b kindergarten 2 In this subject, you learn about the past.
3 go to c elementary school 3 In this subject, you read books and plays.
4 do d middle school 4 In this subject, you play different kinds of sports.
5 get into e high school 5 This verb means “get a bad result.”
6 fail f college 6 This is where you can study after you finish high school.
g an exam
h a test 7 This verb means “get a good result.”
i homework 8 In this subject, you learn about different animals and plants.

9 In this subject, you learn how to communicate with people in

different countries.
10 Children go to learn in these places between the ages of 12 and 18.
,

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9C Resolutions 10A Adjectives to describe places

1 9.6 Write the phrases under the headings. Listen and check. 1 10.1 Match the adjectives with the correct pictures. Listen
1 be (more) organized 9 improve your relationship and check.
2 buy (a car) 10 join a gym
a b c d
3 get (more) exercise 11 lose weight
4 earn (more) money 12 make (new) friends
5 get a (new) job 13 meet someone new
6 get in shape 14 run a marathon
7 have an interview 15 save (more) money
8 improve your diet

1 dark 3 empty
2 light 4 crowded

e f g h
health money

5 friendly 7 lovely
6 unfriendly 8 horrible
work and study relationships
i j k l

2 Choose the correct verbs to complete the sentences.

1 I want to get / go in shape this year.
2 My brother improved / saved a lot of money last year and bought
a new house.
3 I want to get / make a new job this year because I don’t like my job.
4 My boyfriend and I don’t make / get much exercise. We’re lazy!
5 If you want to join / lose weight, you need to get some exercise. 9 beautiful 11 safe
6 Kelly is / does very organized. She has a to-do list. 10 ugly 12 dangerous
7 Do you know a good way to see / make new friends?
8 I don’t earn / do much money. I want a new job!
2 Complete the sentences with adjectives from exercise 1.
3 Match the sentences. 1 Why is this restaurant ? Perhaps the food’s not good.
1 I want to improve my relationship a I play soccer and I want to get 2 We love living in this area because it’s for the children to
with my girlfriend. in shape for that. play outside.
2 I want to join a gym. b I didn’t have a boyfriend last year. 3 People are in small towns. They always say “hello.”
3 Last year, I decided to improve c I don’t like answering questions 4 I usually walk to work. There’s a bus, but it’s always and
my diet. about myself. you can’t get a seat.
4 I want to meet someone new d I started eating a lot more fresh 5 The outside of our apartment building is a bit , but it’s not
this year. vegetables. a problem. You can’t see it when you’re inside!
5 I really don’t like having e I didn’t spend much time with 6 My bedroom is my favorite room. It has big windows, and it’s really
interviews. her last year. all day.

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10B Describing appearance

1 10.6 Complete the diagrams with the words in the box. Listen and check.
curly earrings elderly light gray heavy medium-length mustache slim tall

build height age

1 overweight/ 2 thin/ 3 short 4 5 young 6 middle-aged 7

hair color

8 blond/ 9 black 10 dark 11 brown 12 red 13 white 14

hair style hair on the face

15 bald 16 straight 17 18 wavy 19 beard 20

hair length others

21 long 22 short 23 24 piercing 25 glasses 26

2 Match pictures a–h with the descriptions.
1 This person is elderly. She has wavy gray hair. 6 This person is bald, with a white beard, and mustache.
2 This person has short brown hair. He doesn’t have an earring. He wears glasses.
3 This person is young. She has medium-length red hair. 7 This person has black hair. She has black earrings.
4 This person has medium-length light hair. She wears glasses. 8 This person is middle-aged. He has brown hair and an earring.
5 This person has short blond hair, a beard, and a moustache.
He doesn’t wear glasses.
a b c d

e f g h

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10C Personality adjectives

1 10.10 Match the adjectives in the box with pictures 1–12. Listen and check.

smart confident funny generous kind popular lazy polite brave cheerful shy talkative

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

2 Choose the correct adjectives to complete the sentences. 3 Complete the sentences with words from exercise 1.
1 My brother hates parties because he’s really generous / shy. 1 Alison is very . She always pays for my coffee.
2 Elvira is very talkative / polite in class. The teacher sometimes says, 2 Joe is so . He makes everyone laugh.
“Please be quiet for a moment, Elvira!” 3 I wish I was like my friend. He always gets good grades.
3 Jürgen was really smart / kind to me after I failed my exam. 4 Most people are , although there are some horrible people.
4 Sam is confident / nice when she speaks English. She always wants 5 You’re so ! Are you really going to do a bungee jump?
to practice. 6 Belinda is always , even when things aren’t going well for her.
5 I want to lose weight. I need to be a little less lazy / brave and get
more exercise!
6 I think it’s important to be polite / funny, so I always say “please” and
“thank you.”

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11A Travel and transportation

1 11.1 Complete expressions 1–18 with the words in the box.

bike boat bus (x2) car ferry foot helicopter motorcycle

plane scooter ship streetcar subway taxi train truck van

1 by 2 by 3 by 4 by 5 by 6 by

7 by 8 on 9 by 10 by 11 by 12 by

13 by 14 by 15 by 16 by 17 by 18 by

2 Write the forms of transportation in the correct columns. 3 Choose the correct phrases to complete the sentences.
1 I prefer to go to work by bike / by bus. The exercise wakes me up.
by water by air on land
2 I’m scared of flying, so I wouldn’t want to go by helicopter /
by motorcycle.
3 I don’t like to take the subway after midnight, so I usually go home
by ship / by taxi if I’m out late.
4 A lot of people travel by ferry / by motorcycle in my city. It’s quicker
and easier than by car.
5 I love traveling by car / by train. You can walk around, if you want!
6 I go to college by subway / by van. I can’t sightsee, but it’s very quick.
7 I’m from France, but I live in Spain. I usually go home to visit my
family by bus / by truck. It’s sometimes slower, but it’s cheaper
than flying.
8 My town is next to a very wide river. There’s no bridge, but you can
go across the river by streetcar / by ferry.

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11C Vacation activities

1 11.5 Match sentences 1–12 with pictures a–l.
1 They’re going sightseeing. 5 She’s going hiking. 9 She’s staying at an apartment.
2 She’s going surfing. 6 She’s relaxing on the beach. 10 They’re staying at a campsite.
3 They’re going to the beach. 7 He’s relaxing by the pool. 11 She’s staying with friends.
4 They’re going to the mountains. 8 They’re staying at a hotel. 12 They’re visiting a museum/an art gallery.

a b c d

e f g h

i j k l

2 Read about the people. Then choose a vacation activity from the box for them.

a stay at an apartment c go surfing e stay at a campsite g visit a museum/an art gallery

b go hiking d relax by the pool f go sightseeing h stay at a hotel

1 Luís likes walking in different places, like mountains 6 Linus loves visiting cities. He always wants to see a lot of
and forests. different places and take lots of photos.
2 Shelley and Phil like visiting cities, but they don’t like 7 Fabio has three new books to read. He loves hot weather,
staying at hotels. but he doesn’t like the sea.
3 Juan is very athletic, and he loves the ocean. 8 Mina and her family love the country. They like being
4 Hong likes art and history. outside, and they don’t like hotels.
5 Maciek doesn’t like doing housework like cooking and making
the bed. He likes staying at very comfortable places.

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12A Entertainment
1 12.1 Match the people in the box with pictures 1–6 and the events with pictures 7–12. Listen and check.

actor artist dancer band/musician opera singer player concert game opera play exhibit ballet

1 2 3 7 8 9

4 5 6 10 11 12

2 Complete the chart with words from exercise 1. 3 Complete the sentences with words from exercise 1.
1 I love this ’s work. She uses beautiful colors.
person/people event
2 My friend’s are really good. They play rock music.
1 exhibit 3 Do you like ? Or do you prefer modern dance?
band 2 4 How many are there on a soccer team?
3 ballet 5 What’s your favorite Shakespeare ?
6 There’s an art at City Hall.
4 game
7 Did you go to the jazz on Friday night?
actor 5 8 My cousin is an . He’s been on TV a few times.
opera singer 6
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12B Opinion adjectives

1 12.6 Complete the chart with the adjectives in the box. 2 Read the sentences and choose the adjective that’s not possible.
Listen and check. 1 This play is terrible / cool / boring. Can we go home now?
2 I don’t like sad / scary / exciting movies. I prefer action movies.
awesome awful boring amazing exciting interesting
3 I had an amazing time at the party last night. It was all right /
all right terrible sad strange horrible fun fantastic
awesome / fun.
stupid cool great scary
4 New York is a really interesting / exciting / scary city. I’m going to go
Positive OK Negative there again.
5 We had a nice vacation in Chile, but the weather was awful /
horrible / great.
6 I don’t think I like Pedro very much. He’s a bit fun / strange / scary!
7 I went to hear a really fantastic / awesome / terrible singer on the
weekend. She was amazing!
8 The movie was a bit interesting / stupid / strange. I didn’t really like it.

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