The document discusses nuclear energy, detailing its two primary types: fission and fusion. It outlines the advantages, such as being emission-free and having a small land footprint, alongside disadvantages like high construction costs and nuclear waste. The conclusion emphasizes the dual nature of nuclear energy as both beneficial and problematic.
The document discusses nuclear energy, detailing its two primary types: fission and fusion. It outlines the advantages, such as being emission-free and having a small land footprint, alongside disadvantages like high construction costs and nuclear waste. The conclusion emphasizes the dual nature of nuclear energy as both beneficial and problematic.
The document discusses nuclear energy, detailing its two primary types: fission and fusion. It outlines the advantages, such as being emission-free and having a small land footprint, alongside disadvantages like high construction costs and nuclear waste. The conclusion emphasizes the dual nature of nuclear energy as both beneficial and problematic.
The document discusses nuclear energy, detailing its two primary types: fission and fusion. It outlines the advantages, such as being emission-free and having a small land footprint, alongside disadvantages like high construction costs and nuclear waste. The conclusion emphasizes the dual nature of nuclear energy as both beneficial and problematic.
INTRODUCTION I. TYPES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY 1. FUSSION 2. FUSION II. ADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY III. DISADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION There are so many ways to produce energy: with the sun, wind, water, heat, waste with atoms. Nuclear energy is a form of energy release from the nucleus, the core of atoms, made up of protons and neutrons. This source of energy can be produced in two ways: Fission and Fusion. But how does the energy can be produced with fission and fusion? What are the advantages and the disadvantages of nuclear energy?
I. Types of nuclear energy
1. Fission Nuclear fission is a reaction where the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nucleus, while releasing energy. For instance, when hit by a neutron, the nucleus of an atom of uranium-235 splits into two smaller nuclei, for instance a barium nucleus and a krypton nucleus and two or three neutrons. These extra neutrons will hit other surrounding uranium-235 atoms, which will also split and generate additional neutrons in a multiplying effect, thus generating a chain reaction in a fraction of a second. Each time the reaction occurs, there is a release of energy in the form of heat and radiation. The heat can be converted into electricity in a nuclear power plant, similarly to how heat from fossils fuels such as coal, gas and oil is used to generate electricity. Apart the uranium-235, we can also use the plutonium-239. However, the plutonium cannot produce a chain reaction, it is generally associated to with a powerful detonator which initiates the chain reaction. All the atoms cannot be use to do a fission reaction. currently only 4 fissionable nuclides are used: uranium-233 (233U), uranium-235 (235U), plutonium-239 (239Pu), and plutonium- 241 (241Pu). However, the uranium-235 is more used. Uranium-235 (U-235) is only found in about 0.7 percent of uranium found naturally, but it is well-suited for producing nuclear power. This is Alpha particles are subatomic fragments consisting of two neutrons and two protons. Alpha radiation occurs when the nucleus of an atom becomes unstable (the ratio of neutrons to protons is too low) and alpha particles are emitted to restore balance. Alpha particles are subatomic fragments consisting of two neutrons and two protons. Alpha radiation occurs when the nucleus of an atom becomes unstable (the ratio of neutrons to protons is too low) and alpha particles are emitted to restore balance. U-235+ n Xe-140+ Sr-94 + 2n U-235+ n La-148+ Br-85+ 3n U-235+ n Ba+ Kr+3n
2. Fusion Nuclear fusion is the process by which two light atomic nuclei combine to form a single heavier one while releasing massive amounts of energy.
Fusion reactions take place in a state of matter called plasma — a hot, charged gas made of positive ions and free-moving electrons with unique properties distinct from solids, liquids or gases.
The sun, along with all other stars, is powered by this reaction. To fuse in our sun, nuclei need to collide with each other at extremely high temperatures, around ten million degrees Celsius. The high temperature provides them with enough energy to overcome their mutual electrical repulsion. Once the nuclei come within a very close range of each other, the attractive nuclear force between them will outweigh the electrical repulsion and allow them to fuse. For this to happen, the nuclei must be confined within a small space to increase the chances of collision. In the sun, the extreme pressure produced by its immense gravity creates the conditions for fusion.
Nuclear fusion is the process by which two light atomic nuclei combine to form a single heavier one while releasing massive amounts of energy.
Fusion reactions take place in a state of matter called plasma — a hot, charged gas made of positive ions and free-moving electrons with unique properties distinct from solids, liquids or gases.
The sun, along with all other stars, is powered by this reaction. To fuse in our sun, nuclei need to collide with each other at extremely high temperatures, around ten million degrees Celsius. The high temperature provides them with enough energy to overcome their mutual electrical repulsion. Once the nuclei come within a very close range of each other, the attractive nuclear force between them will outweigh the electrical repulsion and allow them to fuse. For this to happen, the nuclei must be confined within a small space to increase the chances of collision. In the sun, the extreme pressure produced by its immense gravity creates the conditions for fusion. Ever since the theory of nuclear fusion was understood in the 1930s, scientists — and increasingly also engineers — have been on a quest to recreate and harness it. That is because if nuclear fusion can be replicated on earth at an industrial scale, it could provide virtually limitless clean, safe, and affordable energy to meet the world’s demand.
Fusion could generate four times more energy per kilogram of fuel than fission (used in nuclear power plants) and nearly four million times more energy than burning oil or coal.
Most of the fusion reactor concepts under development will use a mixture of deuterium and tritium — hydrogen atoms that contain extra neutrons. In theory, with just a few grams of these reactants, it is possible to produce a terajoule of energy, which is approximately the energy one person in a developed country needs over sixty years.
II. Advantages of nuclear energy
Not expensive Emission free Small land foot print Stability
III. Disadvantages of nuclear energy
Expensive to build nuclear power plant
Nuclear waste (plutonium, cesium, radium) Impact on human health Not renewable Nuclear weapons proliferation Over consumption of water Contamination of the food chain
CONCLUSION
Nuclear energy is a form of energy release from the nucleus, the core of atoms, made up of protons and neutrons. It can be produced with two ways: Fusion, combination of the atoms, and fission the division of the atoms. It has advantages like the fact that it is not expensive, emission free, small land foot print, stability. As others energy sources, it has disadvantages: expensive to build nuclear power plant, nuclear waste (plutonium, cesium, radium), impact on human health, not renewable, nuclear weapons proliferation, over consumption of water, contamination of the food chain.
Full Download Heavy metal and metalloid contamination of surface and underground water : environmental, policy, and ethical issues First Edition. Edition Abhik Gupta PDF DOCX
Full Download Heavy metal and metalloid contamination of surface and underground water : environmental, policy, and ethical issues First Edition. Edition Abhik Gupta PDF DOCX
