FINAL ONLINE SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

PROGRAMME Postgraduate Diploma in Project Management

MODULE Project Financial Management

INTAKE January 2024

DATE 22 November 2024

TOTAL 100
Answer ALL the questions that follow.
QUESTION 1 (25 MARKS)
REQUIRED
Use the information provided below to calculate the following:
1.1 Break-even quantity (5 Marks)
1.2 Break-even value (2 Marks)
1.3 Expected total Marginal income and Net profit/loss. (4 Marks)
Answer each of the following questions independently:
1.4 Calculate the number of units required to break-even if: (4 Marks)
■ the selling price is reduced by R400, and
■ variable selling and administrative expenses are adjusted to 8% of sales.

1.5 Suppose Bella Manufacturers wants to make provision for an increase of R70 800
in fixed manufacturing overheads and a decrease in variable manufacturing costs
of R240 per unit. Taking these changes into account, calculate the new break-even
value. (5 Marks)

1.6 What does a high break-even point indicate for Bella Manufacturers, and what are
three (3) ways they can improve their break-even situation? (5 Marks)

INFORMATION
Bella Manufacturers plans to start Project Bella and the following information is applicable to the
project for the first financial year:
Estimated sales for the financial year 3 500 units
Selling price per unit R4 000
Variable manufacturing costs per unit R2 700
Fixed manufacturing overheads R1 400 000
Fixed selling and administrative expenses R600 000
Variable selling and administrative expenses per unit R300
QUESTION 2 (25 MARKS)
Gigabyte Enterprises has the option to invest in machinery in projects A and B but finance is only
available to invest in one of them. You are given the following projected data:

Both Project A and Project B have an initial cost of R450,000. The net profit for Project A from year 1 to year
5 is R36,000, R75,000, R102,000, R129,000, and R81,000, respectively. In contrast, Project B generates a
steady net profit of R69,000 per year over the same 5-year period.

Additional information:
• All cash flows take place at the end of the year except the original investment in the project which
takes place at the beginning of the project.
• Project A machinery will be disposed of at the end of year 5 with a scrap value of R60 000.
• Project B machinery will be disposed of at the end of year 5 with a nil scrap value.
• Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis.
• The discount rate to be used by the company is 12%.

Required
Use the information provided by Gigabyte Enterprises to answer the following questions:
2.1.1 Calculate the payback period for project B (Answer must be expressed in years and months).
(3 Marks)
2.1.2 Calculate the accounting rate of return (on average investment) for project A. (Answer must be
expressed to two decimal places) (5 Marks)
2.1.3 Calculate the net present value of each project. (Round off amounts to the nearest Rand.) (5 Marks)
2.1.4 Using your answers from question 2.1.3, which project should be chosen? Why? (2 marks)

2.2.1 Calculate the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for the following: (5 marks)
A machine with a purchase price of R420 000 is estimated to eliminate manual operations and save the
company R129 000 cash per year. The machine will last 5 years and have no residual value at the end of its
life.
2.2.2 You are required to provide a detailed interpretation of the company’s IRR from Question 2.2.1. What
does this IRR signify, and how can the company improve its internal rate of return? (5 marks)
QUESTION 3 (25 MARKS)

King Limited is in the process of formulating plans for the first quarter of 2024.
REQUIRED
Use the information provided below to prepare the following for King Limited for January, February and March
2024 (use separate amount columns for each month):
3.1. Debtors Collection Schedule (6 Marks)
3.2. Cash Budget (14 Marks)
3.3. Discuss the negative impact that can result for King Limited if the cash budget is not done accurately
(5 Marks)
INFORMATION
1. The following sales figures are forecast:
Year Month Sales ( R)
2023 December 320 000
2024 January 270 000
2024 February 200 000
2024 March 300 000

2. Forty percent (40%) of the sales are expected to be for cash and the balance is on credit.
3. Twenty percent (20%) of the credit sales is expected to be collected in the month of the sale and eighty
percent (80%) in the month after the sale.
4. The purchase of inventory is the company’s largest expenditure and the cost of these items equals 60%
of the current month’s sales. All purchases are for cash in order to take advantage of 10% discount.
5. Wages and salaries equal 20% of the current month’s sales. Labour costs are paid for in the month in
which they are incurred.
6. Property taxes are estimated to be R36 000 for 2024 and will be paid in four equal instalments in the last
month of each quarter.
7. General and administrative expenses are projected to be R240 000 for 2024 and are payable monthly.
These expenses are incurred evenly throughout the year.
8. Selling and distribution expenses amount to R10 000 for January 2024 and are expected to increase by
10% per month thereafter. These expenses are paid for in the month that they are incurred.
9. Income tax payments are made by the company in the first and seventh month of the calendar year
based on the profit before tax for the previous six months. The company’s income tax rate is 30%. The
company’s profit before taxes for the last six months of 2023 is projected to be R250 000
10. The expected cash balance on 31 December 2023 is R50 000.
QUESTION 4 (25 MARKS)
Use the information provided below to answer the following questions.
4.1. Explain the use of the accounting concept of conservatism when the financial statements of Mayfair
Limited are prepared. (4 Marks)
The following questions apply to the financial year ended 31 December 2023
4.2. Comment on the financial result of the company (4 Marks)
4.3. Was the company efficient in its collection of debts arising from credit sales? Motivate your answer by
using and appropriate ratio. (6 Marks)
4.4. Will creditors allow credit to Mayfair limited under distress business conditions? Explain your answer with
the relevant ratio. (6 Marks)
4.5. From the point of view of the shareholders, would they be happy with the profitability of the company?
Use an appropriate ratio to motivate your answer. (5 Marks)

INFORMATION
Extracts from the Income Statement and Balance Sheet of Mayfair Limited for 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
Extracts of Income Statement for the year ended 31 December:
2023 (R) 2022 (R )
Sales 6 400 000 5 440 000
Cost of sales 4 000 000 3 264 000
Gross profit 2 400 000 2 176 000
Operating expenses 960 000 1 056 000
Operating profit 1 440 000 1 120 000
Profit before tax 1 280 000 1 040 000
Net profit after tax 896 000 728 000
Extracts of Balance Sheets as at December 2023:
Assets 2023 (R ) 2022 (R )
Non- current assets 7 600 000 6 400 000
Current assets: 5 240 000 4 400 000
Inventory 2 440 000 1 600 000
Accounts receivable 1 000 000 1 660 000
Cash and cash equivalents 1 800 000 1 120 000
Total assets 12 840 000 10 800 000

Owners’ equity and liabilities

Note:
• All purchases and sales of inventories are on credit
• The credit terms to debtors are 30 days.
Formula Sheet:

Inventory turnover = Cost of sales / Average Inventory

Acid test ratio = Current Assets – Inventory / Current Liabilities

Debt to Assets = Total Debt / Total Assets

Price/ Earnings Ratio = Market price per share / Earnings per share

Dividend yield = Dividend per share / Market price per share

Debtors collection period = Accounts receivable / Credit sales

Return on equity = Profit after tax / Equity

Marginal Income = Sales – Variable cost

Break even quantity = Total fixed cost/ Marginal income per unit

Sales volume required to attain a target profit = Fixed cost + Target profit / Marginal Income per unit

Margin of safety = Budgeted sales units – break even sales unit

Break even value = Total fixed cost / Marginal income ratio

Number
of 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 18% 19% 20% 25%
Periods

1 0.9901 0.9804 0.9709 0.9615 0.9524 0.9434 0.9346 0.9259 0.9174 0.9091 0.9009 0.8929 0.8850 0.8772 0.8696 0.8621 0.8547 0.8475 0.8403 0.8333 0.8000

2 0.9803 0.9612 0.9426 0.9246 0.9070 0.8900 0.8734 0.8573 0.8417 0.8264 0.8116 0.7972 0.7831 0.7695 0.7561 0.7432 0.7305 0.7182 0.7062 0.6944 0.6400

3 0.9706 0.9423 0.9151 0.8890 0.8638 0.8396 0.8163 0.7938 0.7722 0.7513 0.7312 0.7118 0.6931 0.6750 0.6575 0.6407 0.6244 0.6086 0.5934 0.5787 0.5120

4 0.9610 0.9238 0.8885 0.8548 0.8227 0.7921 0.7629 0.7350 0.7084 0.6830 0.6587 0.6355 0.6133 0.5921 0.5718 0.5523 0.5337 0.5158 0.4987 0.4823 0.4096

5 0.9515 0.9057 0.8626 0.8219 0.7835 0.7473 0.7130 0.6806 0.6499 0.6209 0.5935 0.5674 0.5428 0.5194 0.4972 0.4761 0.4561 0.4371 0.4190 0.4019 0.3277

6 0.9420 0.8880 0.8375 0.7903 0.7462 0.7050 0.6663 0.6302 0.5963 0.5645 0.5346 0.5066 0.4803 0.4556 0.4323 0.4104 0.3898 0.3704 0.3521 0.3349 0.2621

7 0.9327 0.8706 0.8131 0.7599 0.7107 0.6651 0.6227 0.5835 0.5470 0.5132 0.4817 0.4523 0.4251 0.3996 0.3759 0.3538 0.3332 0.3139 0.2959 0.2791 0.2097

8 0.9235 0.8535 0.7894 0.7307 0.6768 0.6274 0.5820 0.5403 0.5019 0.4665 0.4339 0.4039 0.3762 0.3506 0.3269 0.3050 0.2848 0.2660 0.2487 0.2326 0.1678

9 0.9143 0.8368 0.7664 0.7026 0.6446 0.5919 0.5439 0.5002 0.4604 0.4241 0.3909 0.3606 0.3329 0.3075 0.2843 0.2630 0.2434 0.2255 0.2090 0.1938 0.1342

10 0.9053 0.8203 0.7441 0.6756 0.6139 0.5584 0.5083 0.4632 0.4224 0.3855 0.3522 0.3220 0.2946 0.2697 0.2472 0.2267 0.2080 0.1911 0.1756 0.1615 0.1074

11 0.8963 0.8043 0.7224 0.6496 0.5847 0.5268 0.4751 0.4289 0.3875 0.3505 0.3173 0.2875 0.2607 0.2366 0.2149 0.1954 0.1778 0.1619 0.1476 0.1346 0.0859

12 0.8874 0.7885 0.7014 0.6246 0.5568 0.4970 0.4440 0.3971 0.3555 0.3186 0.2858 0.2567 0.2307 0.2076 0.1869 0.1685 0.1520 0.1372 0.1240 0.1122 0.0687

13 0.8787 0.7730 0.6810 0.6006 0.5303 0.4688 0.4150 0.3677 0.3262 0.2897 0.2575 0.2292 0.2042 0.1821 0.1625 0.1452 0.1299 0.1163 0.1042 0.0935 0.0550

14 0.8700 0.7579 0.6611 0.5775 0.5051 0.4423 0.3878 0.3405 0.2992 0.2633 0.2320 0.2046 0.1807 0.1597 0.1413 0.1252 0.1110 0.0985 0.0876 0.0779 0.0440

15 0.8613 0.7430 0.6419 0.5553 0.4810 0.4173 0.3624 0.3152 0.2745 0.2394 0.2090 0.1827 0.1599 0.1401 0.1229 0.1079 0.0949 0.0835 0.0736 0.0649 0.0352

16 0.8528 0.7284 0.6232 0.5339 0.4581 0.3936 0.3387 0.2919 0.2519 0.2176 0.1883 0.1631 0.1415 0.1229 0.1069 0.0930 0.0811 0.0708 0.0618 0.0541 0.0281

17 0.8444 0.7142 0.6050 0.5134 0.4363 0.3714 0.3166 0.2703 0.2311 0.1978 0.1696 0.1456 0.1252 0.1078 0.0929 0.0802 0.0693 0.0600 0.0520 0.0451 0.0225

18 0.8360 0.7002 0.5874 0.4936 0.4155 0.3503 0.2959 0.2502 0.2120 0.1799 0.1528 0.1300 0.1108 0.0946 0.0808 0.0691 0.0592 0.0508 0.0437 0.0376 0.0180

19 0.8277 0.6864 0.5703 0.4746 0.3957 0.3305 0.2765 0.2317 0.1945 0.1635 0.1377 0.1161 0.0981 0.0829 0.0703 0.0596 0.0506 0.0431 0.0367 0.0313 0.0144

20 0.8195 0.6730 0.5537 0.4564 0.3769 0.3118 0.2584 0.2145 0.1784 0.1486 0.1240 0.1037 0.0868 0.0728 0.0611 0.0514 0.0433 0.0365 0.0308 0.0261 0.0115

25 0.7798 0.6095 0.4776 0.3751 0.2953 0.2330 0.1842 0.1460 0.1160 0.0923 0.0736 0.0588 0.0471 0.0378 0.0304 0.0245 0.0197 0.0160 0.0129 0.0105 0.0038

30 0.7419 0.5521 0.4120 0.3083 0.2314 0.1741 0.1314 0.0994 0.0754 0.0573 0.0437 0.0334 0.0256 0.0196 0.0151 0.0116 0.0090 0.0070 0.0054 0.0042 0.0012

40 0.6717 0.4529 0.3066 0.2083 0.1420 0.0972 0.0668 0.0460 0.0318 0.0221 0.0154 0.0107 0.0075 0.0053 0.0037 0.0026 0.0019 0.0013 0.0010 0.0007 0.0001

50 0.6080 0.3715 0.2281 0.1407 0.0872 0.0543 0.0339 0.0213 0.0134 0.0085 0.0054 0.0035 0.0022 0.0014 0.0009 0.0006 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 *

60 0.5504 0.3048 0.1697 0.0951 0.0535 0.0303 0.0173 0.0099 0.0057 0.0033 0.0019 0.0011 0.0007 0.0004 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 * * * *
 APPENDIX 2 : PRESENT VALUE OF A REGULAR ANNUITY OF R1 PER PERIOD FOR N PERIODS

Number
of 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 18% 19% 20%
Periods

1 0.9901 0.9804 0.9709 0.9615 0.9524 0.9434 0.9346 0.9259 0.9174 0.9091 0.9009 0.8929 0.8850 0.8772 0.8696 0.8621 0.8547 0.8475 0.8403 0.8333

2 1.9704 1.9416 1.9135 1.8861 1.8594 1.8334 1.8080 1.7833 1.7591 1.7355 1.7125 1.6901 1.6681 1.6467 1.6257 1.6052 1.5852 1.5656 1.5465 1.5278

3 2.9410 2.8839 2.8286 2.7751 2.7232 2.6730 2.6243 2.5771 2.5313 2.4869 2.4437 2.4018 2.3612 2.3216 2.2832 2.2459 2.2096 2.1743 2.1399 2.1065

4 3.9020 3.8077 3.7171 3.6299 3.5460 3.4651 3.3872 3.3121 3.2397 3.1699 3.1024 3.0373 2.9745 2.9137 2.8550 2.7982 2.7432 2.6901 2.6386 2.5887

5 4.8534 4.7135 4.5797 4.4518 4.3295 4.2124 4.1002 3.9927 3.8897 3.7908 3.6959 3.6048 3.5172 3.4331 3.3522 3.2743 3.1993 3.1272 3.0576 2.9906

6 5.7955 5.6014 5.4172 5.2421 5.0757 4.9173 4.7665 4.6229 4.4859 4.3553 4.2305 4.1114 3.9975 3.8887 3.7845 3.6847 3.5892 3.4976 3.4098 3.3255

7 6.7282 6.4720 6.2303 6.0021 5.7864 5.5824 5.3893 5.2064 5.0330 4.8684 4.7122 4.5638 4.4226 4.2883 4.1604 4.0386 3.9224 3.8115 3.7057 3.6046

8 7.6517 7.3255 7.0197 6.7327 6.4632 6.2098 5.9713 5.7466 5.5348 5.3349 5.1461 4.9676 4.7988 4.6389 4.4873 4.3436 4.2072 4.0776 3.9544 3.8372

9 8.5660 8.1622 7.7861 7.4353 7.1078 6.8017 6.5152 6.2469 5.9952 5.7590 5.5370 5.3282 5.1317 4.9464 4.7716 4.6065 4.4506 4.3038 4.1633 4.0310

10 9.4713 8.9826 8.5302 8.1109 7.7217 7.3601 7.0236 6.7101 6.4177 6.1446 5.8892 5.6502 5.4262 5.2161 5.0188 4.8332 4.6586 4.4941 4.3389 4.1925

11 10.3676 9.7868 9.2526 8.7605 8.3064 7.8869 7.4987 7.1390 6.8052 6.4951 6.2065 5.9377 5.6869 5.4527 5.2337 5.0286 4.8364 4.6560 4.4865 4.3271

12 11.2551 10.5753 9.9540 9.3851 8.8633 8.3838 7.9427 7.5361 7.1607 6.8137 6.4924 6.1944 5.9176 5.6603 5.4206 5.1971 4.9884 4.7932 4.6105 4.4392

13 12.1337 11.3484 10.6350 9.9856 9.3936 8.8527 8.3577 7.9038 7.4869 7.1034 6.7499 6.4235 6.1218 5.8424 5.5831 5.3423 5.1183 4.9095 4.7147 4.5327

14 13.0037 12.1062 11.2961 10.5631 9.8986 9.2950 8.7455 8.2442 7.7862 7.3667 6.9819 6.6282 6.3025 6.0021 5.7245 5.4675 5.2293 5.0081 4.8023 4.6106

15 13.8651 12.8493 11.9379 11.1184 10.3797 9.7122 9.1079 8.5595 8.0607 7.6061 7.1909 6.8109 6.4624 6.1422 5.8474 5.5755 5.3242 5.0916 4.8759 4.6755

16 14.7179 13.5777 12.5611 11.6523 10.8378 10.1059 9.4466 8.8514 8.3126 7.8237 7.3792 6.9740 6.6039 6.2651 5.9542 5.6685 5.4053 5.1624 4.9377 4.7296

17 15.5623 14.2919 13.1661 12.1657 11.2741 10.4773 9.7632 9.1216 8.5436 8.0216 7.5488 7.1196 6.7291 6.3729 6.0472 5.7487 5.4746 5.2223 4.9897 4.7746

18 16.3983 14.9920 13.7535 12.6593 11.6896 10.8276 10.0591 9.3719 8.7556 8.2014 7.7016 7.2497 6.8399 6.4674 6.1280 5.8178 5.5339 5.2732 5.0333 4.8122

19 17.2260 15.6785 14.3238 13.1339 12.0853 11.1581 10.3356 9.6036 8.9501 8.3649 7.8393 7.3658 6.9380 6.5504 6.1982 5.8775 5.5845 5.3162 5.0700 4.8435

20 18.0456 16.3514 14.8775 13.5903 12.4622 11.4699 10.5940 9.8181 9.1285 8.5136 7.9633 7.4694 7.0248 6.6231 6.2593 5.9288 5.6278 5.3527 5.1009 4.8696

25 22.0232 19.5235 17.4131 15.6221 14.0939 12.7834 11.6536 10.6748 9.8226 9.0770 8.4217 7.8431 7.3300 6.8729 6.4641 6.0971 5.7662 5.4669 5.1951 4.9476

30 25.8077 22.3965 19.6004 17.2920 15.3725 13.7648 12.4090 11.2578 10.2737 9.4269 8.6938 8.0552 7.4957 7.0027 6.5660 6.1772 5.8294 5.5168 5.2347 4.9789

40 32.8347 27.3555 23.1148 19.7928 17.1591 15.0463 13.3317 11.9246 10.7574 9.7791 8.9511 8.2438 7.6344 7.1050 6.6418 6.2335 5.8713 5.5482 5.2582 4.9966

50 39.1961 31.4236 25.7298 21.4822 18.2559 15.7619 13.8007 12.2335 10.9617 9.9148 9.0417 8.3045 7.6752 7.1327 6.6605 6.2463 5.8801 5.5541 5.2623 4.9995

60 44.9550 34.7609 27.6756 22.6235 18.9293 16.1614 14.0392 12.3766 11.0480 9.9672 9.0736 8.3240 7.6873 7.1401 6.6651 6.2402 5.8819 5.5553 5.2630 4.9999