PROCESS SPECIFICATION

GE Power Generation Engineering

Materials and Processes Engineering P3C-AL-0300
Schenectady. NY 12345

ULTRASONIC TESTING OF PLATE, PIPE AND FITTINGS

DOCUMENT REVISION STATUS: DETERMINED BY THE LAST ENTRY IN THE "REV" AND "DATE" COLUMN
REV. ANNO. DESCRIPTION SIGNATURE REV. DATE
YA00225 REVISED INFORMATION FOR INTERNAL/EXTERNAL SUP- G
PLIER COMMUNICATIONS; CHANGED INSPECTOR CERTI- ^ T wfT'
.
FICATION REQUIREMENTS; CHANGED BASIC INSTRUMENT
QUALIFICATION AND PRE-TEST CALIBRATION VERIFI-
CATION; CHANGED SCAN SENSITIVITY AND TRANSDUCER \PR 2 2 1992
SURFACE SPEED; REVISED FORGED FITTING CALIBRA-
TION; CHANGED RECORD OF TEST REQUIREMENTS;
CHANGED INNER NOTCH REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPE WITH
INSIDE DIAMETER 4 INCHES OR LESS (TABLE 3 ) .
(EJ tfNEK)

« COPYRIGHT 1992 , GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

PROPRIETARY INFORMATION - THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION OF GENERAL ELECTRIC
COMPANY AND MAY NOT BE USED OR DISCLOSED TO
OTHERS. EXCEPT WITH THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF
GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY.

PREPARED BY:
E.J. WNEK
ORIG. ISSUE DATE:
11/20/67
 GE Power Generation Engineering
P3C-AL-0300 Materials and Processes Engineering
Page 2
Schenectady. NY 12345

1. SCOPE

1.1 This specification gives the requirements for ultrasonic testing and the
ultrasonic acceptance standards for:

- seamless pipe and fittings

- rolled and welded pipe and fittings
- plate used to make rolled and welded pipe and fittings
- forged fittings.
* 1.2 Communication

1.2.1 External Supplier (See Definition)

General Electric Company - Power Systems Sourcing Operation (PSSO) is the

authorized interface for all communication between GE and the External
Supplier, All questions or requests for additional information shall be
submitted to PSSO for clarification.

1.2.2 Internal Supplier (See Definition)

All communications, including questions or requests for additional

information shall be submitted to Materials and Processes Engineering -
Nondestructive Testing Engineering (MPE-NDTE).
* 1.3 Request for Deviations

Requests for deviations to the requirements of this specification shall be

submitted as follows:

1.3.1 External Supplier - To PSSO by a Suppler Deviation Request (SDR).

1.3.2 Internal Supplier - To the appropriate Engineering personnel by Quality

Control Report (QCR) or Quality Report (QR) documents.
*2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 The following document shall form an integral part of this specification to
the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue
shall apply:

2.1.1 American Society for Nondestructive Testing

SNT-TC-1A - "Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive

Testing"
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*3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 Personnel

3.1.1 Purchaser - The GE Power Generation Operation (PGO), or its Business

Associate.

3.1.2 External Supplier (Including Sub-Tier) - The corporation, company,

partnership, sole proprietorship or individual engaged to perform the
process covered by this Specification.

3.1.3 Internal Supplier (Including Farm-Out) - Any GE Power Generation

Manufacturing Department.

3.1.4 Supplier - As used herein, unless specifically designated, refers to

either an External or an Internal Supplier.

3.2 Specification Deviation Documents

3.2.1 Applicable to External Supplier

3.2.1.1 Supplier Deviation Request - [Formerly referred to as Vendor Request

for Material Deviation (VRMD)] - A method for the documentation,
approval and control of a waiver for materials, processes or
dimensions which deviate from the Purchase Order documents (drawing,
specification, Engineering instruction, etc.).

3.2.2 Applicable to Internal Supplier

3.2.2.1 Quality Control Report (QCR) or Quality Report (QR) - GE

Manufacturing Department non-conformance report initiated during
processing through the factory. Used by Manufacturing to document
non-conformance to governing documents and request corrective action.

3.3 Technical Terms

None

4. ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS

* 4.1 Inspector Certification

The tests shall be performed by personnel qualified and certified through an

established program that incorporates all the recommended guidelines provided
in ASNT Document SNT-TC-1A.

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5. TEST REQUIREMENTS

5.1 General

5.1.1 The equipment shall be of the pulse-echo type coupled with suitable search
units capable of meeting the sensitivity calibration requirements of
Para. 5.3.

* 5.1.2 Basic Instrument Qualification

Basic qualification of ultrasonic equipment shall be performed at

intervals not to exceed twelve months or whenever maintenance is performed
which affects the equipment function. The date of the last calibration
and the date of the next required calibration shall be displayed on the
test equipment.

* 5.1.3 Pre-Test Calibration Verification

5.1.3.1 An amplifier vertical linearity check shall be made prior to

performing the test by observing a multiple order pattern from a
calibration block. The first back reflection shall be set at 100
percent full screen scale amplitude. The higher order back
reflections 10 percent and higher in amplitude shall also be
positioned on the screen and their amplitudes noted. The first back
reflection shall be reduced to 50 percent and then 25 percent of full
screen. The amplitudes of the higher order back reflections shall be
noted at each step. The vertical linearity will be considered
acceptable if the signal heights of the higher order reflections
decrease in proportion to the decrease set for the first back
reflection. The maximum acceptable error for the decrease of the
higher order reflections is the greater of + 5 percent of the
expected back reflection height or + 2 percent of full scale signal
height.

5.1.3.2 An attenuator linearity check shall be made prior to performing the

test. The back reflection from a calibration block shall be set at
100 percent full screen scale. The attenuator shall be used to
reduce the back reflection by factors of 2 (6db), 4 (12db), 10 (20db)
and 20 (26db). The attentuator linearity will be considered
acceptable if the amplitude of the back reflection decreases in
proportion to the decrease in the attenuator setting. The maximum
acceptable error for the back reflection amplitude during the
attenuation linearity check is 5 percent of full scale signal height.

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5.1.3.3 The horizontal linearity shall be checked on a distance calibration

bar using the multiple order technique. The linearity shall be such
that the possible error involved in measuring over a distance equal
to the maximum metal travel distance encountered in the forging shall
not exceed 1/16 inches (1.5 mm).

5.1.4 A suitable couplant shall be used. Water, oil, or glycerine are

recommended. The same couplant shall be used for the test as is used
during calibration.

5.1.4.1 Immersion testing techniques may be used provided the calibration

requirements of Para. 5.3 are met. Water paths shall be kept to a
minimum consistent with good testing practice.

5.1.5 The material shall have a suitable finish on the test surface. Any
surface 250 RMS or better will usually be acceptable. For unusually rough
or heavily scaled surfaces, grit blasting or disc grinding may be
required. Bends shall be free of heavy scale on the inside surfaces.
Tightly adhering plate scale which does not interfere with the test
sensitivity need not be removed.

5.1.6 The instrument sensitivity calibration shall be checked at the start and
end of the test of each piece, whenever the instrument has been left
unattended or whenever the operator suspects a change in sensitivity.

5.1.7 Whenever the instrument is left unattended and when the test has been
completed, the sensitivity calibration shall be re-checked and recorded on
the ultrasonic work sheet. When a decrease of 15 percent or greater in
the sensitivity is indicated, the sensitivity shall be re-established and
all the material tested since the last calibration shall be re-tested.
When an increase of 15 percent or greater is indicated, all indications
shall be re-evaluated.

* 5.1.8 During scanning the sensitivity shall be increased by a factor of 2 (6db).

* 5.1.9 The surface speed at which the transducer is moved shall not exceed 4
in/sec. (10 cm/sec).
5.2 Transducers

5.2.1 The size, frequency, and type of transducers to be used on each type of
item are given in Table 1.

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5.2.2 When using the contact testing technique on curved surfaces, a matching
curved transducer shoe shall be used for effective coupling of the
ultrasound to the piece. The minimum diameter which can be tested without
a curved shoe for specific size and frequency transducers is given in
Table 2.
5.3 Testing Sensitivity
5.3.1 Angle Beam Reference Sensitivity
5.3.1.1 The primary amplitude reference calibration reflector shall be a
square notch 1.000 inch + .010 inch long (25.00 mm + .25 mm) with a
depth as specified in Table 3. Any other notch of lesser or equal
length or depth may be used as an amplitude calibration reflector for
a test, but evaluation of indications for acceptance or rejection
must be done by comparing the indication amplitude to the primary
amplitude calibration reflector described above.
5.3.1.2 The depth, number of notches, and their placement for each type of
item shall be as listed in Table 3.
Notches must be placed so that the ultrasonic beam passes through the
worst surface condition of the part, thus ensuring adequate
sensitivity over the entire part surface.
5.3.1.3 The notches shall be placed in the piece to be tested. When the
notches cannot be placed in the test material, an auxiliary piece of
ultrasonically similar material may be used. It shall have the same
nominal composition, processing history and surface condition as the
test material.
5.3.1.4 For pipe, the auxiliary piece shall have a diameter within +1 inch
(25 mm) and wall thickness within +1/8 inch (3 mm) of the test
material.
5.3.1.5 Auxiliary calibration pieces shall be large enough to accommodate the
placement of the notches as described in Table 3 and also to permit
detection on the appropriate beam path distances.
5.3.2 Straight Beam Reference Sensitivity
5.3.2.1 Flanges - The reference calibration amplitude shall be as follows:
5.3.2.1.1 Axial Test - 100 percent full screen amplitude reflection from
the opposite surface of the flange obtained in an indication
free area.

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5.3.2.1.2 Radial Test - 100 percent full screen amplitude reflection from
the bore obtained in an indication free area.

5.3.2.1.3 The reference reflection shall be obtained with the transducer

on the worst surface condition to be tested on the part.
5.3.2.2 Forged Fittings (Elbows, Flange Hubs, Pups and Tees)

These parts only require an axial test. The primary reference

calibration reflector shall be a square notch 1.000 inch + 0.010 inch
long (25.00 mm + 0.25 mm) with a depth equal to 5 percent (+ 0.005
inch or 0.12 mm) of the minimum allowable wall thickness. The notch
shall be placed into the outside surface of the part normal to the
test surface (oriented circumferentially) at an axial distance from
the test surface equal to the greatest distance to be tested from
that surface. (The reflecting calibration area will be the area of
one side of a 1 (25 mm) inch by 5 percent of minimum allowable wall
thickness notch).

5.3.2.2.1 A flat bottom hole with an area equal to that of the primary
reference reflector may also be used. It shall have a diameter
equal to:

d = 0.25T
1/2

Where:

d = flat-bottom-hole diameter
T = minimum allowable wall thickness
The hole bottom shall be located at a distance equal to the
greatest distance to be tested from any given test surface.
5.3.2.2.2 The back reflection from the opposite surface may also be used
The following percentage of the back reflection shall be used
as the reference calibration amplitude.
k 25T z
Where : k
- w\
reference calibration amplitude (in percent)
T minimum allowable wall thickness of the part
T distance from test surface to the opposite
bw
surface
T maximum material depth to be tested from a
m given surface (See Figure 1).

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5.3.2.2.3 Reference calibration notches or holes shall be placed in the

piece to be tested if possible. When this is not practical,
they shall be placed in an auxiliary piece of the same nominal
composition, processing history, and surface condition as that
of the tested items.
5.4 Method of Test
5.4.1 Testing Seamless Pipe
5.4.1.1 Circumferential Angle Beam Test
5.4.1.1.1 Place the search unit on the outer surface of the calibration
piece with the sound beam directed at the axially oriented
notches. Position the transducer to obtain the maximum
amplitude reflection from the I.D. (inside diameter) notch on
the first 1/2 node. Adjust the sensitivity so that this
reflection amplitude is at least 50 but not more than 75
percent of full screen height. Mark the location and amplitude
of this indication on the instrument screen.

5.4.1.1.2 Move the search unit to obtain the maximum full node reflection
from the O.D. (outside diameter) notch. Mark the location and
amplitude of this indication on the instrument screen. Draw a
line between the peaks from the two notches. This line is the
100 percent reference line for reporting discontinuity
amplitudes.
5.4.1.1.3 The periphery of the pipe shall be scanned in two
circumferential directions with adjacent scan paths overlapping
by at least 10 percent of the transducer width.
5.4.2 Testing Seamless Elbows
5.4.2.1 Circumferential Angle Beam Test
This test shall be calibrated and the elbows scanned in the same
manner as seamless pipe which is described in Para. 5.4.1.
5.4.2.2 Axial Angle Beam Test
5.4.2.2.1 Place the transducer on the outer surface aimed at the broad
side of the circumferential notch. Position the transducer to
obtain the maximum amplitude reflection from the notch on the
first full node. Adjust the sensitivity so that this
reflection amplitude is at least 50 but not more than 75
percent of full screen height. Mark the location and amplitude
of this indication on the instrument screen.

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5.4.2.2.2 Move the search unit axially away from the notch and maximize
the reflection on the second full node. Mark the location and
amplitude of this reflection on the screen. Draw a line
between the peaks from the two successive notch reflections on
the instrument screen. This is the 100 percent reference line
for reporting discontinuity reflection amplitudes.

5.4.2.2.3 The elbow shall be scanned in one axial direction with adjacent
scan paths overlapping by at least 10 percent of the
transducer width.

5.4.3 Testing Plate, Rolled and Welded Pipe, and Fittings Made From Plate

5.4.3.1 Straight Beam Test

5.4.3.1.1 The instrument baseline shall be distance calibrated to display

the initial pulse and at least one back reflection from the
part thickness.

5.4.3.1.2 The sensitivity shall be adjusted to display the first back

reflection from an area free of indications at 100 percent full
screen height. The surface of the plate or pipe where
amplitude calibration is performed shall be representative of
the worst surface condition of the part to be tested.

5.4.3.1.3 Each item shall be scanned on one surface on grid lines spaced
3 inches (75 mm) or less apart.
5.4.3.2 Angle Beam Tests

5.4.3.2.1 Thickness 3/8 to 2 inches (10 to 50 mm)

5.4.3.2.1.1 Pipe and fittings shall be scanned in one axial and one
circumferential direction on grid lines spaced twice the
wall thickness or less apart.

5.4.3.2.2 Plate shall be scanned along the length and width directions on
a grid of lines spaced twice the thickness or less apart.

5.4.3.2.3 Place the search unit on the notched surface of the piece with
the sound beam directed at the broad side of the relevant
notch (e.g. circumferential notch for pipe axial test, etc.).
Maximize the first node reflection from the notch and adjust
the instrument sensitivity so that this reflection is at least
50 but not more than 75 percent of the full screen height.
Mark the location and amplitude of this reflection on the
instrument screen.

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5.4.3.2.4 Hove the search unit away from the notch until the next full
node reflection is obtained. Maximize this next full node
reflection height, and mark its position and amplitude on the
screen. Draw a line between the peaks from the two successive
reflections on the instrument screen. This line is the 100
percent reference line for reporting discontinuity reflection
amplitudes.

5.4.3.2.2 Thickness Over 2 Inches (50 mm)

5.4.3.2.2.1 Pipe and fitting shall be scanned in one axial and one
circumferential direction on grid lines 4 inches (100 mm)
or less apart.

5.4.3.2.2.2 Plate shall be scanned along the length and width on a

grid whose lines are 4 inches (100 mm) or less apart.
5.4.3.2.2.3 Place the search unit on the surface of the piece with
the sound beam aimed at the broad side of the notch on
the opposite side of the piece and position it to obtain
a maximum 1/2 node reflection amplitude. Adjust the
instrument sensitivity so that this amplitude is at least
50 but not more than 75 percent of full screen height.
Mark the location and amplitude on the instrument screen.
5.4.3.2.2.4 Reposition the search unit with the beam directed
broadside to the notch on the test surface and obtain a
maximum full node reflection. Mark this reflection
location and amplitude on the screen. Repeat this
procedure for a 1-1/2 node reflection. Draw a line on the
screen connecting these peaks and the one marked in Para.
5.4.3.2.2.3. This line shall be the 100 percent
reference line for reporting discontinuity reflection
amplitudes.

5.4.4 Testing Forged Elbows

5.4.4.1 Circumferential Angle Beam Test

5.4.4.1.1 The elbows shall be scanned in both circumferential directions

on the outer surface with adjacent scans overlapping by at
least 10 percent of the transducer's width.

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5.4.4.1.2 Place the search unit on the outer surface of the calibration
piece with the sound beam directed at the axially oriented
notch. Position the transducer to obtain the maximum
reflection from the inner surface notch on the first 1/2 node.
Adjust the sensitivity so that this reflection amplitude is at
least 50 but not more than 75 percent of full screen height.
Mark the location and amplitude of this indication on the
instrument screen.

5.4.4.1.3 Move the search unit to obtain the maximum full node reflection
from the O.D. notch. Mark the location and amplitude of this
indication on the instrument screen. Draw a line between the
peaks from the two notches. This line is the 100 percent
reference line for reporting discontinuity amplitudes.

5.4.4.2 Axial Angle Beam Test

5.4.4.2.1 The elbows shall be scanned in one axial direction on the outer
surface with adjacent scans overlapping by 10 percent of the
transducer's width.

5.4.4.2.2 Place the transducer on the outer surface aimed at the broad
side of the circumferential O.D. notch. Position the
transducer to obtain the maximum amplitude reflection from the
notch on the first full node. Adjust the sensitivity so that
this reflection is 75 percent of full screen height. This
reflection height is the reference line for reporting
discontinuity amplitudes. Indications between the first 1/2
and full node sweep positions shall be evaluated.
5.4.4.2.3 The concave radius of the elbow may require using a smaller
transducer than is normally used on pipe. The sensitivity
shall be re-calibrated any time a different size transducer is
used.

5.4.5 Testing Forged Tees and Pups

5.4.5.1 Straight Beam Test

5.4.5.1.1 Tees and pups shall be straight beam tested from the flat end
faces of the fittings.

5.4.5.1.2 The sensitivity shall be adjusted to display one of the

reference calibration amplitudes described in Para. 5.3.2.2 at
an amplitude of 75 percent of full screen height.

5.4.5.1.3 The beam shall be directed to test as much of the total volume
of metal as possible.

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5.4.5.2 Circumferential Angle Beam Test

5.4.5.2.1 Place the search unit on the outer surface of the piece with
the beam directed broadside to the axially oriented I.D. notch.
Maximize the notch reflection between 50 and 75 percent of full
screen height and mark its position and height on the screen.

5.4.5.2.2 Repeat this procedure for the O.D. notch. Connect the
amplitude marks for the I.D. and O.D. notch reflections. This
line represents the 100 percent amplitude line for reporting
indications.

5.4.5.2.3 Scan the outer surface of the piece covering as much of the
area as possible. Adjacent scan paths shall overlap by at
least 10 percent of the transducer's width.

5.4.5.2.4 Tees or pups with a wall taper of more than 6 degrees shall be
tested by the circumferential angle beam technique described in
Para. 5.4.6.2.1.

5.4.6 Testing Forged Flanges

5.4.6.1 Straight Beam Tests

5.4.6.1.1 The flange area shall be examined in the axial and radial
directions.

5.4.6.1.2 The sensitivity shall be set using the reference reflections

specified in Para. 5.3.2.1. The reference reflection amplitude
shall be set at 100 percent full screen height.

5.4.6.1.3 The sweep shall be calibrated to display the thickness being

tested on at least 75 percent of the sweep length.

5.4.6.1.4 The hub area shall be examined in the axial direction by the
same technique used on tees and pups as described in Para.
5.4.5.1.

5.4.6.2 Circumferential Angle Beam Tests

5.4.6.2.1 If the hub area has a taper of 6 degrees or less, it shall be

angle beam tested in one circumferential direction on the outer
surface by the same technique used on tees and pups as
described in Para. 5.4.5.2.

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5.4.6.2.2 If the hub area has a taper of more than 6 but less than 25
degrees, the angle beam search unit must be modified as
follows. Viewing the transducer wedge from the front, the
bottom surface shall be cut on a bevel as shown in Figure 2.
The bevel angle shall be computed from the following formula:
Sin A = (Vlp/Vss) sin B
where: lp = longitudinal wave velocity in the plastic wedge
u
ss = shear wave velocity in steel
A = bevel angle
B = wall taper angle
5.4.6.2.3 Other means of achieving the correct beam direction are
possible, including the use of two transducers in a pitch-catch
mode of operation. The particular method used must clearly
detect the I.D. calibration notch on the part under test.
5.4.6.2.4 The sensitivity shall be set for obtaining the maximum
reflection from a reference notch as described in Para. 5.3.1
on the pipe I.D. and adjusting its amplitude to 75 percent full
screen height. This notch reflection shall be obtained on the
first half node of the beam.
5.4.6.2.5 The flange hub shall be scanned in one circumferential
direction with adjacent scan lines overlapping by at least 10
percent of the transducer width.
5.4.6.2.6 If the wall taper exceeds 25 degrees, special techniques will
have to be developed and approved for use.
5.4.7 Testing Assemblies of Pipes and/or Fittings
5.4.7.1 Assemblies of pipes and/or fittings may be ultrasonically tested
using these techniques as a guide.
5.4.7.2 On tee and pup sections of welded assemblies an axial angle beam test
shall be used in place of the straight beam test specified for the
separate items in Para. 5.4.5.1. The sensitivity may be set using
the same notch used to calibrate for the circumferential angle beam
test on the assembly. Para. 5.4.2.2 shall be followed as closely as
possible for this test.

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5.4.7.3 Forged flanges in welded assemblies shall be examined as in Para.

5.4.6 except that the hub volume shall be straight beam tested from
the flange face only. Metal beyond the weld between the hub and the
adjoining piece shall not be tested by this method.

5.4.7.4 Welds in these assemblies shall not be tested ultrasonically using

the techniques described herein.

5.4.7.5 Calibration notches shall be placed in the end pieces of assemblies.

Adjustments in sensitivity and techniques for wall thickness
variations between parts of an assembly may be made as necessary
provided that all changes and exceptions are documented for
Engineering review.

5.5 Measuring and Reporting Ultrasonic Indications

5.5.1 All Parts Requiring Angle Beam Tests

5.5.1.1 The amplitude of indications shall be maximized by suitable search

unit manipulation. If the scan lines are less than 1-inch ( 25 mm)
apart all indications greater than 50 percent of the reference
amplitude line shall be maximized. For larger scan intervals,
indications greater than 10 percent of the reference, amplitude shall
be maximized.

5.5.1.2 The indications shall be evaluated when they occur on the sweep in
the areas described in Table 4 for each item.

5.5.1.3 The location and extent of all such maximized indications exceeding
the reference calibration amplitude shall be marked on the piece.

5.5.2 Plate, Rolled and Welded Pipe, and Fittings - Straight Beam Test

5.5.2.1 Indications shall be maximized by suitable search unit manipulation

and shall be evaluated. The behavior of the back reflection shall
also be evaluated.

5.5.2.2 The extent of any indication of maximum amplitude 50 percent or

greater and causing a reduction in amplitude of the back reflection
by 50 percent or more shall be determined and marked on the piece.

5.5.2.3 The extent of any complete loss of back reflection, not accompanied
by a discontinuity indication, shall be determined and marked on the
piece.

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5.5.2.4 The edge of an indication shall be taken as the center of the

transducer position where the back reflection and discontinuity
reflection have equal amplitudes.

5.5.2.5 The edge of an area of loss of back reflection shall be taken as the
center of the transducer position where the back reflection drops to
5 percent of the 100 percent reference line.

5.5.3 Forged Elbows, Pups, Tees, and Flange Hubs - Straight Beam Test

5.5.3.1 Indications between the initial pulse and the maximum depth requiring
the test shall be maximized by suitable transducer manipulation.

5.5.3.2 The position and extent of any indication exceeding the reference
calibration amplitude shall be marked on the piece.

5.5.4 Forged Fitting Flanges - Straight Beam Tests

5.5.4.1 Any indication causing complete loss of back reflection shall be

reported.

5.5.4.2 Any loss of back reflection not accompanied by an indication or

caused by part geometry or poor test surface condition shall be
reported.

5.6 Acceptance Standards

5.6.1 Seamless Pipe and Elbows

Any indication exceeding the reference calibration line established by

means of the primary, square notch, reference calibration reflector is
unacceptable.

5.6.2 Plate, Rolled and Welded Pipe and Fittings

5.6.2.1 Straight Beam Test

5.6.2.1.1 Any recordable indication listed in Para. 5.5.2.2 which is

continuous, is on the same plane (within 5 percent of the plate
wall thickness), and cannot be encompassed by a 3 inch (75 mm)
diameter circle is unacceptable.

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5.6.2.1.2 Two or more recordable indications listed in Para. 5.5.2.2

which are on the same plane (within 5 percent of the plate or
wall thickness), individually can be encompassed in a 3 inch
(75 mm) diameter circle, are separated from each other by a
distance less than the greatest dimension of the smaller
indication, and collectively cannot be encompassed by a 3 inch
(75 mm) diameter circle are unacceptable.

5.6.2.1.3 Any loss of back reflection to less than 5 percent of full

screen height not caused by an obvious surface condition or
loss of couplant and which cannot be encompassed in a 3 inch
(75 mm) circle is unacceptable.

5.6.2.2 Angle Beam Tests

Any indication reported in Para. 5.5.1 which exceeds the reflection

amplitude from the primary square notch calibration reference
reflector described in Para. 5.3.1.1 is unacceptable.
5.6.3 Forged Fittings

5.6.3.1 Straight Beam Tests

5.6.3.1.1 Tees, elbows, pups, and flange hubs - any indication exceeding
the reference calibration amplitude of Para. 5.3.2.2 at the
indication depth is unacceptable.

5.6.3.1.2 The inverse square law may be used to evaluate indication

amplitudes at depths less than the depth of the calibration
reflector.

If A^<A (DVD.) then the indications is acceptable.

Ai = indication amplitude

A = reference amplitude

D r = distance to reference reflector

Di = distance to the indication

5.6.3.1.3 Flange Areas - Any complete loss of back reflection below 5

percent of the reference reflection amplitude, when such loss
is not attributable to part shape or surface condition, is
unacceptable.

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5.6.3.2 Angle Beam Tests

Any indication reported in Para. 5.5.1 whose amplitude exceeds that
from the primary, square notch reference reflector of Para. 5.3.1 is
unacceptable.
5.6.4 Assemblies of Pipes and Fittings
The acceptance criteria for each separate item shall be used in evaluating
the indication detected during the testing of assembled parts.
5.7 Removal of Calibration Notches
All calibration notches placed in the test material shall be removed by
grinding upon completion of the ultrasonic test and necessary repairs.
* 5.8 Request for Deviation
If the part does not meet the appropriate acceptance standards a Request for
Deviation per Para. 1.3 shall be initiated.
* 5.9 Record of Test
5.9.1 The following information shall be supplied by the Supplier:
5.9.1.1 Supplier name
5.9.1.2 Part identification
5.9.1.3 Purchase order
5.9.1.4 Part drawing number
5.9.1.5 Name and model of test instrument
5.9.1.6 Make and model of transducer
5.9.1.7 Surface condition
5.9.1.8 Couplant
5.9.1.9 Final disposition of part
5.9.1.10 Date of test and person performing the test

*Changed

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5.9.2 Copies of the ultrasonic test report shall be submitted to the appropriate
Engineering group through the appropriate channels.
6. NOTES
None

ct/Doc. #2347

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TABLE 1 - TRANSDUCER REQUIREMENTS

1 HEM | STRAIGHT | I ANGIE BEAU TESTS !

Size 1 j Freq. | Size 1 1 Freq. Kode |
In. j m | HHz | In. 1 ™ 1 KHz j Beam Anale |
| Seamless Pipe Not Required | 1-1 1/8 | 25-30 1.0 Shear ' As required to reach Inside dla- |
1 or meter, 45 degrees or less. |
I Seamless Elbows 1-1 1/8 | 25-30 2.25 Long.
or 1 or or
1 X 1/? | ?5X1? ?.?S(?1 Shear
| Plate over 3/8 i n . 1-1 1/8 | 25-30 | 5 1-1 1/8 1 25-30 1.0 Shear 45 degrees |
] (10 (mil | ?.?5f?l Shear
| Plate over 3/A I n . | 1-1 1/8 j 25-30 I 2.25 | 1-1 1/9 | 25-30 I 1.0 Shear 45 degrees j
j f20 rrnil 1 1 1 i j ?.?5(?1 Shear
] Rolled & Velded Pipe | Same as Plate | | l-l 1/8 | 25-30 | 1.0 Shear | 45 degrees |
| | ?.?5f?l Shear
| Rolled & Welded | 1/2 mtn. | 12 mln.| 5 I 1/4-1 | 6-25 | 2.25 Shear | 45 degrees j
j FlttlnosMI 1 1 1 |
| Forging f i t t i n g s ( l ) | 1/2 mln. | 12 m1n.| 2,25 ! 1/4-1 | 6-25 | 1.0 or 2.25(2) As required to reach Inside dla- |
I I I 1 | shear, or 2.25 meter, 45 degrees or less. |
I I I | lono
1

(1) I t Is reconmended that f i t t i n g s are of complex shapes, often with tight radii requiring small size transducers for proper
contact.

(2) 2.25 KHz may be used only ( f the calibration notch Is placed in the piece being tested.

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TABLE 2 - REQUIREMENTS FOR CURVED SHOES ON TRANSDUCERS

Size of Contact Area Min. Testable Diam.

Freq, in Direction of Curvature Without a Shoe
MHz (Inches) (mm) (Inches) (mm)

1.0 1/4 6 Less than 1 25

1/2 12 2.8 70
1 25 11 280

2.25 1/4 6 1 25
1/2 12 7 180
1 25 28 710

5.0 1/4 6 3.4 85

1/2 12 14 360
1 25 56 1420

The radius of the shoe should be within +10 percent of the radius of the test
surface for a convex (outside) curvature and within -10 percent of the test
surface radius for a concave (inside) curvature.

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P3C-AL-0300 Page 21
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TABLE 3 - ANGLE BEAM REFERFKCE NOTCH DATA

Notch | Notch | Number of | Minimum Distance |

j Item | Oeoth j Orientation | Notches | From Fdqe or End |

| Seamless Pipe Straight Sections | 5% min. wall | Axial | 1 outer and | 1.5 inches (40 mm) from end |
+.010 in. | *1 inner j
(+.25 irm)

| Seamless Elbows 5% min. wall 1 outer and 1.5 inches (40 mm) from end |
+.010 in. Axial *1 inner
(+.25 mm) Circumferential 1 outer Between 4 times wall & 8 inches |

| Rolled and Welded Pipe and 3% min. wall

I Fittings 3/8 to 2 inches 1 +.002 in. | Axial 1 outer 2 inches (50 mm) from end |
| (10 to 50 mn) thick K+.05 mm) | Circumferential 1 outer

1 Plate 3/8 to 2 inches | 3* min. wall 1 Parallel to | 1 on test I 2 inches (50 mm) from edges |
| (10 to 50 rrn) thick | +.002 in. j width | surface
|(+ .05 rmO

| Rolled and Welded Pipe | 3% min. wall | 1 outer and | 2 inches (50 mm) from end j
| and Fittings Over 2 | +.010 in. | Axial |*1 inner
| Inches (50 irm thick) |(+.25 mm)
[Circumferential j 1 outer and
j*l inner

| Plate Over 2 Inches | 3X min. wall [Parallel to | 1 on each | 2 inches (50 mm) from end |
j (50 mm) thick j ±.010 in. | Width [ surface
|(+.25 mm)

j Forged Elbows j 5% min. wall [ 1 outer and 1.5 inches (40 mm) from end |
j ±.010 in. j Axial |*1 inner
[(±.25 mm)
[ Circumferential ! 1 outer i Between 4 times wall and 6 inchfis. |

| Forged Tees and Pups ] 5% min. wall j Axial 1 outer and 1.5 Inches (40 mm) from end [
j ±.010 in. *1 inner
[(±.25 mm)

| Forged Flange Hubs 5% min. wall | Axial *1 inner 1.5 inches (40 mm) from end |
| +.010 in.
l(+.25 mm)

Inside diameter 4 inches or greater.

'Changed
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TABLE 4 - SWEEP LOCATION FOR EVALUATION OF ANGLE BEAM INDICATIONS

Item Test Direction Sweep Location

Seamless Pipe Circumferential 1/2 to 1 node
Seamless Elbows Circumferential 1/2 to 1 node
Axial 1 to 2 nodes
Plate, rolled & welded pipe and Circumferential Between the two cali-
fittinqs 1/8 to 2 inches (3-50 mm) and Axial bration echo locations
Plate, rolled & welded pipe and Circumferential 1/2 to 1-1/2 nodes
fittings over 2 inches (50 mm) thick and Axial
Forged Elbows Circumferential 1/2 to 1 node
Axial 1/2 to 1 node
Forged Tees & Pups Circumferential 1/2 to 1 node
Axial 1/2 to 1 node
Forged Flange Hubs Circumferential 3/8 to 1 node

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Test Direction Test Direction

m
Test Direction

'bw

KH

FIGURE 1 - DEFINITIONS OF TERMS IN 5.3.2.2

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Srhcmcrrari'. ,VV i?ji5

Plastic
Wedge

Transducer

Normal Wedge
Angle Bevel Angle - "A"

Search Unit

Perpendicular
to Outer Surface
Beam Direction

FIGURE 2 - MODIFIED ANGLE BEAM SEARCH UNIT FOR TAPERED WALL TESTING

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