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OS Experiment 1

The document provides a comprehensive list of 50 Linux commands, detailing their purpose, usage, and examples. Each command is aimed at performing specific tasks related to process management, file manipulation, and system operations. The document serves as a practical guide for users to familiarize themselves with essential Linux commands and their functionalities.

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matrix29v
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11 views24 pages

OS Experiment 1

The document provides a comprehensive list of 50 Linux commands, detailing their purpose, usage, and examples. Each command is aimed at performing specific tasks related to process management, file manipulation, and system operations. The document serves as a practical guide for users to familiarize themselves with essential Linux commands and their functionalities.

Uploaded by

matrix29v
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 EXPERIMENT 1

Aim
Getting started with Linux basic commands for directory operations, displaying directory structure in tree format
etc.

1.1 Command 1: ps
Purpose
report a snapshot of the current processes

Usage
ps
ps -e
ps -ejH

Sample i/p and o/p


1.2 Command 2: pstree
Purpose
display a tree of processes

Usage
pstree
pstree -T
pstree -s

Sample i/p and o/p


1.3 Command 3: strace
Purpose
trace system calls and signals

Usage
strace [command name]

Sample i/p and o/p

1.4 Command 4: gdb


Purpose
The GNU Debugger

Usage
gdb [Executable filename]

Sample i/p and o/p


1.5 Command 5: strings
Purpose
print the sequences of printable characters in files

Usage
strings [filename]
strings [filename] -f
strings [filename] -d

Sample i/p and o/p


1.6 Command 6: objdump
Purpose
display information from object files

Usage
objdump -S [filename]
objdump -s [filename]
objdump -f [filename]

Sample i/p and o/p


1.7 Command 7: nm
Purpose
list symbols from object files

Usage
nm -g

Sample i/p and o/p

1.8 Command 8: file


Purpose
determine file type

Usage
file [filename]
file [filename] -b
file [filename] -F [seperator]

Sample i/p and o/p


1.9 Command 9: od
Purpose
dump files in octal and other formats

Usage
od
od [filename]
od [filename] -i

Sample i/p and o/p

1.10 Command 10: xxd


Purpose
make a hexdump or do the reverse.

Usage
xxd
xxd [filename]
xxd -l [len] [ filename]

Sample i/p and o/p


1.11 Command 11: fuser
Purpose
identify processes using files or sockets
Usage
fuser -l
Sample i/p and o/p

1.12 Command 12: top


Purpose
display Linux processes
Usage
top
Sample i/p and o/p

1.13 Command 13: awk


Purpose
pattern scanning and processing language
Usage
gawk -F: ’{ print $1 }’ /etc/passwd
Sample i/p and o/p
1.14 Command 14: cal
Purpose
displays a calendar and the date of Easter

Usage
cal
cal -m [month]
cal -3

Sample i/p and o/p


1.15 Command 15: ls
Purpose
list directory contents

Usage
ls
ls -a
ls -A

Sample i/p and o/p

1.16 Command 16: chmod


Purpose
change file mode bits

Usage
chmod +x [filename]
chmod +r [filename]
chmod +w [filename]

Sample i/p and o/p

output.error.png

1.17 Command 17: chown


Purpose
change file owner and group

Usage
<usage>

Sample i/p and o/p

command.error.png

1.18 Command 18: chgrp


Purpose
change group ownership
Usage
<usage>

Sample i/p and o/p

command.error.png

1.19 Command 19: mkdir


Purpose
make directories

Usage
mkdir [directory name]

Sample i/p and o/p

1.20 Command 20: rmdir


Purpose
remove empty directories

Usage
rmdir [directory name]

Sample i/p and o/p

1.21 Command 21: locate


Purpose
find files by name, quickly

Usage
locate [command name]

Sample i/p and o/p


1.22 Command 22: nftw
Purpose

Usage
<usage>

Sample i/p and o/p

command.error.png

1.23 Command 23: touch


Purpose
change file timestamps

Usage
touch [filename]

Sample i/p and o/p

1.24 Command 24: cat


Purpose
concatenate files and print on the standard output

Usage
cat
cat [filename a] [filename b]
cat [filename a] [filename b] -E

Sample i/p and o/p


1.25 Command 25: more
Purpose
file perusal filter for crt viewing

Usage
more [filename]

Sample i/p and o/p

1.26 Command 26: less


Purpose
opposite of more

Usage
less [filename]

Sample i/p and o/p


1.27 Command 27: cp
Purpose
copy files and directories

Usage
cp [filename] [copyfilename]

Sample i/p and o/p

1.28 Command 28: mv


Purpose
move (rename) files

Usage
mv [old filename] [new filename]

Sample i/p and o/p

1.29 Command 29: rm


Purpose
remove files or directories

Usage
rm [filename]

Sample i/p and o/p

1.30 Command 30: grep


Purpose
print lines that match patterns
Usage
man grep | grep description

Sample i/p and o/p

1.31 Command 31: tail


Purpose
output the last part of files

Usage
tail [filename]
tail [filename] -n 4
tail [filename] -c 10

Sample i/p and o/p

1.32 Command 32: head


Purpose
display first lines of a file

Usage
head [filename]
head [filename] -n 4
head [filename] -c 10

Sample i/p and o/p

1.33 Command 33: find


Purpose
search for files in a directory hierarchy

Usage
find [filename]
Sample i/p and o/p

1.34 Command 34: sort


Purpose
sort lines of text files

Usage
sort [filename]
sort -r [filename]

Sample i/p and o/p

1.35 Command 35: stty


Purpose
change and print terminal line settings

Usage
stty
stty -a

Sample i/p and o/p

1.36 Command 36: sed


Purpose
stream editor for filtering and transforming text

Usage
sed ’s/a/b/g’ [filename]

Sample i/p and o/p


1.37 Command 37: uniq
Purpose
report or omit repeated lines

Usage
uniq [filename]
uniq [filename] -c
uniq [filename] -d

Sample i/p and o/p

1.38 Command 38: du


Purpose
estimate file space usage

Usage
du
du -sh
du -b

Sample i/p and o/p

1.39 Command 39: df


Purpose
report file system disk space usage

Usage
df
df -h

Sample i/p and o/p

1.40 Command 40: man


Purpose
an interface to the system reference manuals

Usage
man man
man -k debugger
man -f [name]

Sample i/p and o/p


1.41 Command 41: help
Purpose
Display information about builtin commands.

Usage
help [command]

Sample i/p and o/p

1.42 Command 42: pr


Purpose
convert text files for printing

Usage
pr [filename]
pr [filename] -d
pr [filename] -n

Sample i/p and o/p


1.43 Command 43: tr
Purpose
translate or delete characters

Usage
tr [set1] [set2]
tr -c [set1] [set2]

Sample i/p and o/p

output.error.png

1.44 Command 44: diff


Purpose
compare files line by line

Usage
diff [filename a] [filename b]
diff [filename a] [filename b] -s
diff [filename a] [filename b] -y

Sample i/p and o/p


1.45 Command 45: wc
Purpose
print newline, word, and byte counts for each file

Usage
wc [filename]
wc [filename] -c
wc [filename] -l
wc [filename] -L

Sample i/p and o/p

1.46 Command 46: bc


Purpose
compress or expand files

Usage
bc

Sample i/p and o/p


1.47 Command 47: gzip
Purpose
compress or expand files

Usage
gzip [filename]

Sample i/p and o/p

1.48 Command 48: history


Purpose
GNU History Library

Usage
history

Sample i/p and o/p

1.49 Command 49: groups


Purpose
print the groups a user is in

Usage
groups

Sample i/p and o/p

output.error.png
1.50 Command 50: cut
Purpose
remove sections from each line of files

Usage
cut --characters=3 [filename]

Sample i/p and o/p

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