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Science Assignment

The document explains the working principles of binoculars, telescopes, microscopes, and digital cameras in relation to light, reflection, and refraction. Binoculars and microscopes primarily use refraction through lenses to magnify images, while telescopes utilize both reflection from mirrors and refraction from lenses. Digital cameras combine refraction and reflection, particularly in DSLRs, to capture images effectively.

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13 views3 pages

Science Assignment

The document explains the working principles of binoculars, telescopes, microscopes, and digital cameras in relation to light, reflection, and refraction. Binoculars and microscopes primarily use refraction through lenses to magnify images, while telescopes utilize both reflection from mirrors and refraction from lenses. Digital cameras combine refraction and reflection, particularly in DSLRs, to capture images effectively.

Uploaded by

abubakar5671234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ONLINE ASSIGNMENT

Here's an explanation of how binoculars, telescopes (reflecting and refracting),


microscopes, and digital cameras work with respect to light, reflection, and refraction:

1. Binoculars

Working Principle:

Binoculars use refraction through lenses to magnify distant objects and reflection through
prisms to shorten their length for portability.

How It Works:

Objective Lenses: Light from a distant object enters and is refracted (bent) by the convex
objective lenses to form a real, inverted image.

Prisms: The image is reflected inside two prisms (usually Porro prisms) to invert it back to the
correct orientation.

Eyepiece Lenses: The eyepiece lenses refract the light again, magnifying the image for the
observer.

2. Telescopes

a. Refracting Telescope

Working Principle:

A refracting telescope uses refraction through lenses to gather and focus light.

How It Works:

Objective Lens: A large convex lens collects light from a distant object and refracts it to form a
small, focused, inverted image.

Eyepiece Lens: The eyepiece lens further refracts the light, magnifying the image for viewing.
b. Reflecting Telescope

Working Principle:

A reflecting telescope uses reflection from mirrors and sometimes refraction from small lenses.

How It Works:

Primary Mirror: A large concave mirror collects light and reflects it to a focal point.

Secondary Mirror: A smaller mirror redirects the light, often to the side of the telescope, for
easier viewing.

Eyepiece Lens: The eyepiece refracts the light, magnifying the image.

3. Microscope

Working Principle:
A microscope uses refraction through lenses to magnify small objects.

How It Works:

Objective Lens: Light from the object passes through a convex objective lens, which refracts
the light to form a magnified, inverted image.

Eyepiece Lens: This lens further refracts the light, magnifying the intermediate image for the
observer.

4. Digital Camera

Working Principle:

A digital camera uses both refraction (lenses) and reflection (in some designs like DSLRs with
mirrors).

How It Works:
Lens System: The lens refracts light to focus it on the camera’s image sensor. The aperture
and focus settings control how much light is bent.

Mirror and Prism System: In DSLRs, light is reflected by a mirror and prism system to show
the exact view through the viewfinder.

Image Sensor: Light passes through the lens, is focused, and strikes the digital sensor,
converting it into an electronic image.

These devices combine the principles of reflection and refraction to manipulate light for various
purposes, from magnifying small objects to capturing stunning photos!

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