01 ABOUT
• AIM
• INTRODUCTON
02 THEORY
03 REQUIREMENT
04 PROCEDURE
05 RESULT &
CONCLUSION 06
BIBLIOGRAPHY
I would like to express my profound and appreciation to those who
helped me with this project, for their time expended and for sharing
their insights about the project.
I have been immeasurably enriched by working under the guidance
and supervision of DR DHEERAJ SHARMA PGT CHEMISTRY,
who has a great level of knowledge and has an art of encouraging,
Correcting and directing me in every situation possible, which has
enabled me to complete the project. I would also like to thank all
the people who have helped me in this project and appreciate the
available sources who provided me with the research papers.
Aim: Making a plastic from starch
Introduction :
Plastic pollution is currently one of the biggest
environmental concerns. Synthetic Plastics are made up of
long chain of molecules (polymer) containing repeated
units of carbon atoms
(monomer). These Synthetic polymers has extremely
strong carbon-carbon bond with each other.
Because of this inherent molecular stability, plastics do
not breakdown into simpler components easily.
So to find the alternative of this problem I made a
successful attempt to make a biodegradable
plastic. We say it Biodegradable because natural
organisms are capable of breaking the material down into
smaller parts. We use starch polymer(Amylose) which is
biodegradable in nature and hence successfully
converted to replacement of plastic.
Why we chose starch?
Starch is made of long chains of glucose molecules joined
together. Strictly, it contains two polymers: amylose,
which is straight chained, and amylopectin,
which is branched.
Glucose(simple sugar) is essential for life, that being the
reason many organisms from bacteria to human break
starch into simple sugar(glucose). How it degrades
into simple sugar?
Starch is a chain of simple sugar monomers called glucose
the bonds that connect then are called glycosidic bonds an
enzyme called amylase helps break sugar part by fitting
between two monomers. A water molecule is absorbed is
order to break the glycosidic bond between two
monomers in a process called hydrolysis.
Structural representation is as below
1.Potato starch
2. Propan-1,2,3-triol (glycerol)
3.Hydrochloric acid
4.Sodium hydroxide
5. Spirit lamp
6.Tripod
7.Universal Indicator paper
8.Stirring rod
9.China dish
1. Start the experiment by placing tripod over a Spirit
lamp with china dish at above it.
2. Add some water into the china dish.
Note: If too much water is used, the polymer does not
solidify and remains a liquid
3. Then add starch little by little with continuous stir.
Avoid making air bubbles.
Note: When starch is dried from an aqueous
solution it forms a film as a result of hydrogen
bonding between the chains 4. Add some HCl into
the mixture.
Note: After step3 However, the amylopectin inhibits
the formation of the film. The addition of
hydrochloric acid breaks the amylopectin down,
allowing a more satisfactory film formation 5. Add
propan1,2,3-triol in suitable amount.
Note: The addition of propan-1,2,3-triol has
an effect because of its hydroscopic (water
attracting) properties. Water bound to the
propan-1,2,3-triol gets in amongst the starch
chains and inhibits the formation of
crystalline areas, preventing brittleness and
resulting in more ‘plastic’ properties.
6. To neutralize HCl add some NaOH into it.
7. After you observe it forming like Plastic film or
Vaseline like gel lay it down to flat surface.
8. Spread it into long sheet of desired thickness.
9. let it dry properly for at least an hour properly.
10. Peal it out from the surface. And your plastic is
formed.
Mixing of chemicals at raised
temperature
Thus we obtain a fair looking plastic.
Things that could be done better is to pierce out plastic
properly once its prepared and little food colour can be
added for good appearance
We obtained a Plastic piece which demonstrates
that starch can be used to make
plastic
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