Lab Manual: Programming Fundamentals

University of Management and Technology,

Lahore Campus

Lab- 06 Manual
Lab Instructor: Awais Amin
Department of Computer Science
Email: awais.amin@umt.edu.pk
Lab 06: Increment /Decrement operator & While Loop
Lab Rubrics

Identify key programming

Areas Problem Understanding structures such as Design/ Development of Solutions
Assessed variables, loops, and
functions.
(CLO 1) (CLO 2) (CLO 3)
No able to identify key
Not able to understand Not able to Model a solution for a
Poor programming structures such
Problem given problem
as variables, loops, and
functions.

Partially able identify Modeled an average solution

Able to partially understand
Average key programming for a given problem using
the problem
structures such as programming principles
variables, loops, and
functions.

Thoroughly identify key

Modeled a proper solution for a
Very Good Fully Understand the problem programming structures
given problem using programming
such as variables, loops,
principles
and functions.

Department of Computer Science, UMT, Lahore. 1 Awais Amin

 Lab Manual: Programming Fundamentals

Coding Examples:
Decrement operator:
Example 1:
include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x=10,a;
a=--x;
cout<<"pre decrement operator";
cout<<"\na = "<<a;
cout<<"\nx ="<<x;
return 0;
}

Output:
Pre decrement operator

a=9

x=9

Example 2:
include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x=10,a;
a=x--;
cout<<"Post decrement operator";
cout<<"\na = "<<a;
cout<<"\nx ="<<x;
return 0;
}

Department of Computer Science, UMT, Lahore. 2 Awais Amin

 Lab Manual: Programming Fundamentals

Output:
a=10
x=9

Increment Operator:
Example 1:
include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x=10,a;
a=++x;
cout<<"pre increment operator";
cout<<"\na = "<<a;
cout<<"\nx ="<<x;
return 0;
}

Output:
Pre increment operator
a=11
x=11

Example 2:
include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x=10,a;
a=x++;
cout<<"Post increment operator";
cout<<"\na = "<<a;
cout<<"\nx ="<<x;
return 0;
}

Department of Computer Science, UMT, Lahore. 3 Awais Amin

 Lab Manual: Programming Fundamentals

Output:
Post increment operator
a=10
x=11

While Loop:
• Loop: a control structure that causes a statement or statements to repeat
• General format of the while loop:
while (expression)
statement;
• statement; can also be a block of statements enclosed in { }

Example 1: Write a program using while loop that show the sum of first five
numbers.
Code:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int number=1,sum=0;
while(number<=5)
{
sum=sum+number;
number++;
}
cout<<"Sum is "<<sum;

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 Lab Manual: Programming Fundamentals
return 0;
}
Execution Process:

Flow chart:

Example 2: Write a program for take input the list of numbers and print their
squares.
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int minimum=1;
int maximum=10;
int num=minimum;
cout<<"Number number squared \n ";
while(num<=maximum)

Department of Computer Science, UMT, Lahore. 5 Awais Amin

 Lab Manual: Programming Fundamentals
{
cout<<num<<"\t\t"<<num*num<<endl;
num++;
}
return 0;
}
Output:

Example 3: Write a program in C++ to find the factorial of a number.

Department of Computer Science, UMT, Lahore. 6 Awais Amin

 Lab Manual: Programming Fundamentals
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n;
cout<< "Input a number to find the factorial:";
cin>>n;
int factorial = 1;
int i = 1;
while (i <= n)
{
factorial = factorial*i;
i++;
}
cout << factorial;
}

Eample 6 : Countdown from 10 to 1

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int i = 10;
while (i > 0) {
cout << i << endl;
i--;
}
cout << "Liftoff!" << endl;
return 0;
}

Department of Computer Science, UMT, Lahore. 7 Awais Amin

 Lab Manual: Programming Fundamentals

Example 7 : Guessing Game

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int secret_number = 7; // Fixed secret number
int guess;

cout << "Guess the number between 1 and 10: ";

cin >> guess;

while (guess != secret_number) {

cout << "Wrong! Try again: ";
cin >> guess;
}

cout << "Correct! You guessed the number." << endl;

return 0;
}

Exampke 8: WAP for Multiplication Table of a Given Number

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int num;
cout << "Enter a number to print its multiplication table: ";
cin >> num;

int i = 1;

Department of Computer Science, UMT, Lahore. 8 Awais Amin

 Lab Manual: Programming Fundamentals
while (i <= 10) {
cout << num << " x " << i << " = " << num * i << endl;
i++;
}
return 0;
}
Example 8: Write a program to Printing and count Even and Odd Numbers
using While Loop in C++.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i=1,n,even=0,odd=0;
cout<<"\nEnter the Ending value:";
cin>>n;
while(i<=n)
{
if(i%2==0)
{
cout<<"\nEven numbers:";
cout<<"\n"<<i;
even++;
}
else
{
cout<<"\nOdd numbers:";
cout<<"\n"<<i;
odd++;
}
i++;
}
cout<<"\nTotal even numbers:"<<even;
cout<<"\nTOtal odd numbers:"<<odd;
return 0;
}

OR

Department of Computer Science, UMT, Lahore. 9 Awais Amin

 Lab Manual: Programming Fundamentals

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i=1,n,even=0,odd=0;
cout<<"\nEnter the Ending value:";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\nEven numbers:";
while(i<=n)
{
if(i%2==0)
{
cout<<"\n"<<i;
even++;
}
i++;
}
cout<<"\nOdd numbers:";
i=1;
while(i<=n)
{
if(i%2==1)
{
cout<<"\n"<<i;
odd++;
}
i++;
}
cout<<"\nTotal even numbers:"<<even;
cout<<"\nTOtal odd numbers:"<<odd;
return 0;
}
Example 8: Write a program to check Even and Odd Numbers using While
Loop on the basis of user choice in C++.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{

Department of Computer Science, UMT, Lahore. 10 Awais Amin

 Lab Manual: Programming Fundamentals

int choice = 1;
while( choice == 1 )
{
int a;
cout << "Enter a number to check even or odd" << endl;
cin >> a; //input number

//check whether number is even or odd

if( a%2 == 0 ){
cout << "Your number is even" << endl;
}
else{
cout << "Your number is odd" << endl;
}
cout << "Want to check more : 1 for yes and 0 for no" << endl;

cin >> choice;

}

cout << "I hope you checked all your numbers" << endl;
return 0;
}

Lab Tasks
Practice Question:

1. Reverse Counting:
Develop a program to print numbers from 10 to 1 in descending order using a while loop.

2. Calculate Powers:
Create a program that calculates the powers of 2 from 1 to 10 (2^1 to 2^10) using a while loop.

Department of Computer Science, UMT, Lahore. 11 Awais Amin

 Lab Manual: Programming Fundamentals
3. Character Display:
Write a program that takes a string input from the user and displays each character separately
using a while loop.

4. Sum of Squares:
Develop a program to calculate the sum of squares of numbers from 1 to 5 using a while loop.
• Sum of Even Numbers:
Calculate the sum of even numbers from 1 to 100 using a while loop.

5. Display Characters:
Given a string, display each character individually using a while loop.

Department of Computer Science, UMT, Lahore. 12 Awais Amin