CHRISTIAN SAMARITAN HEALTH SERVICES AND TECHNICAL SCHOOL, INC.
✓ Pabayo-Tirso, Neri st., Divisoria, Cagayan de Oro City
Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Earth and Life Science ( 11-12 Week)
Topic: Hydrometeorological Phenomena and Hazards
Content Standard: The learners demonstrate an understanding of the different hazards caused
by hydrometeorological phenomena (tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, and tornadoes or ipo
- ipo )
Performance Standards: The learners shall be able conduct a survey or design a study to assess
the possible hydrometeorological hazards that your community may experience.
Learning Competency: The learners
1. describe the various hazards that may happen in the wake of tropical cyclones,
monsoons, floods, or ipo-ipo. using hazard maps,
2. identify areas prone to hazards brought about by tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or
ipo-ipo
3. give practical ways of coping with hydrometeorological hazards caused by tropical
cyclones, monsoons, floods, or ipo-ipo
References: Teachers Guide, Earth and Life Sciences: Science in today’s Activity No. 11 &
World for Senior high School, Shila Rose D. Sia, Leah 1
Amor S. Cortez and Rosario Laurel-Sotto. 2
DISCUSSIONS:
What are the different weather phenomena that are experienced in the Philippines?
Tropical cyclones, monsoons, and thunderstorms are hydrometeorological phenomena that
are often experienced in the Philippines. These phenomena can cause severe damages to an
affected area especially if the people are not prepared.
Monsoons are regional wind systems that are seasonally reversing. The mechanism of these
monsoons is very similar to how the local winds (sea breeze and land breeze) are generated.
Thus, the reversing is attributed to the different amounts of energy received by the landmass
during summer and winter. This phenomenon is most evident in Asia since it has the largest
landmass among the other continents.
In comparison to monsoons, tropical cyclones are severe weather patterns. Cyclones are wind
systems are circulating around a low-pressure area. Tropical cyclones are cyclones that are
formed over warm oceans. The cyclones that form over the pacific or Indian are called typhoons
while cyclones that form over the Atlantic Ocean are called hurricanes.
While tropical cyclones form over oceans, thunderstorms and tornadoes form over land.
Thunderstorms are characterized by strong winds, heavy rain, lightning, and thunder. They are
formed when a warm air mass is forced to move upward by a cold air mass, producing
cumulonimbus clouds. As the clouds grow bigger, electrical charges start to form and static
electricity is discharged in the form of lightning. When the lightning passes, it rapidly heats the
air around it, causing the air to expand explosively, which is heard as thunder.
Summer monsoon
wind flows from the
sea to the land,
creating a low-
pressure area above
the land. Winter
monsoon wind flows
from the land towards
the sea, creating a
low-pressure area over
the sea.
Hydrometeorological
Hazards
1
Hydrometeorological hazards are the result of strong winds and heavy rains. Heavy rains
bring about floods and strong winds cause storm surges and massive destruction of properties.
Storm surge is the most destructive hydrometeorological hazard. It is the rise of the
normal sea level caused by the winds that are directed towards the shore. It can reach a
height of at least 8m and may cause the most destruction in coastal areas.
Wind damage is the most obvious hazard of cyclones hazard of cyclones and
thunderstorms since these are characterized by strong winds. It can cause severe damage
to infrastructures that are weak and poorly built, although well-built structures may still be
damaged by strong winds that create huge storm surges. Strong winds may also send
debris from damaged infrastructure flying at high speeds, which could be dangerous.
Flood is the hazard brought about by heavy rains in places that are far from coastal areas.
It may or may not be accompanied by strong winds, but continuous rainfall combined with
the failure of the flood control system may be the cause of most of the casualties
sustained by an area.
MISCONCEPTION ALERT!
Storm surge is an entirely different hazard from tsunami. Storm surge is caused by the strong
winds of a cyclone pushing the ocean waters near the shore. Tsunami is caused by the
displacement of the ocean floor that is a result of either an earthquake or volcanic eruption.
ACTIVITY #1: Using Venn Diagram Compare and Contrast the following;
1. Sea breeze and Land Breeze
2. Typhoons and Hurricanes
3. Summer and Winter
4. Storm surge and Tsunami
NOTE: You can use another paper for your answer.
