75894 – NSTP 101

ROCA, JIE – ANN R.

BSBA-1

ARTICLE II

Declaration of Principles and State Policies

The Philippines rejects using war as a tool of national policy, accepts widely recognized
international legal norms as part of domestic law, and pursues a foreign policy of equality,
justice, freedom, collaboration, and goodwill toward all peoples.

Principles:

Sec1: the Philippines is a democratic and republican state. Sovereignty resides in the people
and all government authority emanates them. State-community of persons more or less
numerous permanently occupying a definite control, and possessing an organized
government to which the great body of inhabitants render habitual obedience. Four
elements: people, territory, sovereignty, and government.

Sec2: The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the
generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land and adheres
to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nation.
Sec3: civilian authority is at all times, supreme over the military. The armed forced of the
Philippines is the protector of the people and the state. Its goals is to secure the sovereignty
of the state and the integrity of the national territory.

Sec4: the prime duty of the government is to serve and protect the people. The government
may call upon the people to defend the state and, in fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be
required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal military or civil service.

Sec5: the maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and
the promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the
blessing of democracy. Sec6: the separation of church and state shall be inviolable. No shall
be made respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.
The idea is to delineate the boundaries between two institutions and thus avoid
encroachment by one against the other because of a misunderstanding of the limits of their
respective exclusive jurisdiction.

Sec7: the State shall pursue an independent foreign policy, in its relation with other states
the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national
interest, and the right to self-determination.

The government must maintain an independent foreign policy and give paramount
consideration to national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest, and the right to
self-determination.

Sec8: the Philippines, consistent with the national interest, adopts and pursues a policy of
freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory.

Sec9: The state shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the
prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through
policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, arising standard
of living, and an improved quality of life for all.

Sec10: the State shall promote social justice all phases of national development.

They derive from the premises that poverty and gross inequality are major problems
besetting the nation and that these problems assault the dignity of the human person.

Sec11: the state values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for
human rights.

Sec12: the state recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the
family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother
and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of
parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral
character shall receive the support of the government.

Sec13: the state recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote
and promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well- being.
It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement
in the public and civic affairs.

Sec14: The State recognizes the role of women in nation- building, and shall ensure the
fundamental equality before the law of women and men.

Sec15: The State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill
health consciousness among them.
Sec16: The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and
healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.

Sec17: The State shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and
sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total
human liberation and development.

This does not mean that the government is not free to balance the demands of education
against other competing and urgent demands

Sec18: The State affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It shall protect the rights
of workers and promote their welfare.

Sec19:The State shall develop a self-reliant and independent national economy effectively
controlled by Filipinos.

Sec20: The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages private
enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments.

Sec21:The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform.

“Labor as a primary social economic force” means that human factor has primacy over non-
human factors in production.

Sec22: The State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities
within the framework of national unity and development.
Sec23: The State shall encourage non-governmental, community-based, or sectoral
organizations that promote the welfare of the nation.

Sec24. The State recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nation-
building.

Sec25: The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments.

The strengthening of the local government is based upon the Jeffersonian viewthat
“Municipal Corporation are the small republics from which the great one derivses its
strength.”

Enable its inhabitants to develop their resources and thereby contribute to the progress of
the whole nation.

Sec26: The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service and
prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law.

The purpose of this provision is to give substance to the desire for equalization of political
opportunities. However, the definition of political dynasty is left to the legislature.

Sec27: The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive
and effective measures against graft and corruption.

Sec28: Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements
a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest.