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Lecture Points

Direct Action Day on August 16, 1946, was called by the Muslim League to demand a separate Muslim state, leading to significant communal violence in Calcutta. The 3 June Plan of 1947 proposed the partition of India into two states, India and Pakistan, in response to the British government's inability to maintain unity. The Radcliffe Award on August 16, 1947, established the boundaries between the two nations, resulting in disappointment for the Muslim League as key areas were allocated to India.

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32 views1 page

Lecture Points

Direct Action Day on August 16, 1946, was called by the Muslim League to demand a separate Muslim state, leading to significant communal violence in Calcutta. The 3 June Plan of 1947 proposed the partition of India into two states, India and Pakistan, in response to the British government's inability to maintain unity. The Radcliffe Award on August 16, 1947, established the boundaries between the two nations, resulting in disappointment for the Muslim League as key areas were allocated to India.

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Muhammad Umar
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History Chap-9

Direct Action Day (August 16, 1946)


 August 16, 1946: Muslim League called for Direct Action Day.
 Led by Jinnah to demand separate Muslim state.
 Peaceful demonstrations by Muslims.
 Resulted in communal violence; up to 4,000 deaths in Calcutta.
Why did ML celebrate Direct Action Day?
1. Muslims celebrated the Direct Action Day due to the pressing need for an adequate
decision by the British govt.
2. Moreover, Muslims called for direct action day as an attempt to stop the British
government from giving in to Congress.
3. In addition, Muslims rallied behind Direct Action Day to clearly demonstrate their stanch
commitment to the establishment of Pakistan.
3 June Plan (1947)
 June 3, 1947: Attlee announced India independent by June 1948.
 March 1947: Mountbatten sent to finalize independence plan.
 Plan: Two states, India and Pakistan, with Dominion status.
 Muslim majority provinces to vote on joining either state.
Why was the 3 June plan announced?
1. The 3 June plan was announced by the British government to prevent civil war.
2. Moreover, the passing of the 3 June plan in 1947 was a direct result of the British
Empire's repeated failures in maintaining the unity of India.
3. Furthermore, the 3 June plan was declared because the British were frustrated.

Radcliffe Award/Boundary Commission Award (August 16, 1947)


 1947: Radcliffe appointed to draw India-Pakistan boundary.
 Assistants: Two nominated by Muslim League, two by INC.
 August 16, 1947: Radcliffe Award announced.
 Disappointment for ML: Calcutta, Ferozepur, Gurdaspur to India, Gurdaspur gave
India access to Kashmir.
Independence Act (August 15, 1947)
 Passed on August 15, 1947: Partitioned India into two Dominion states.
 Each state free to make laws.
 1935 Act as interim constitution.
 Independence Day: Pakistan August 14, India August 15.

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