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Backward Difference Operator

The document defines the First Backward Difference Operator and provides formulas for calculating backward differences. It includes examples demonstrating the use of backward difference tables with tabulated values. Additionally, it discusses properties of backward differences in relation to polynomial functions.

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51 views3 pages

Backward Difference Operator

The document defines the First Backward Difference Operator and provides formulas for calculating backward differences. It includes examples demonstrating the use of backward difference tables with tabulated values. Additionally, it discusses properties of backward differences in relation to polynomial functions.

Uploaded by

nomi345665
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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9/11/23, 9:47 PM Backward Difference Operator

Next: Central Difference Operator Up: Difference Operator Previous: Forward Difference Operator Contents

Backward Difference Operator


DEFINITION 11.2.10 (First Backward Difference Operator) The FIRST BACKWARD DIFFERENCE OPERATOR,
denoted by is defined as

Given the step size note that this formula uses the values at and the point at the previous step. As it
moves in the backward direction, it is called the backward difference operator.

DEFINITION 11.2.11 ( Backward Difference Operator) The backward difference operator, is


defined as

In particular, for we get

Note that

EXAMPLE 11.2.12 Using the tabulated values in Example 11.2.5, find and

Solution: We have and

EXAMPLE 11.2.13 If where and are real constants, calculate

Solution: We first calculate as follows:

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9/11/23, 9:47 PM Backward Difference Operator

Now,

Thus, for all

Remark 11.2.14 For a set of tabular values, backward difference table in the horizontal form is written as:

&vellip#vdots;

EXAMPLE 11.2.15 For the following set of tabular values write the forward and backward
difference tables.
9 10 11 12 13 14

5.0 5.4 6.0 6.8 7.5 8.7

Solution: The forward difference table is written as

9 5 0.4 = 5.4 - 5 0.2 = 0.6 - 0.4 0= 0.2-0.2 -.3 = -0.3 - 0.0 0.6 = 0.3 - (-0.3)
10 5.4 0.6 0.2 -0.3 0.3
11 6.0 0.8 -0.1 0.0
12 6.8 0.7 -0.1
13 7.5 0.6

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14 8.1

In the similar manner, the backward difference table is written as follows:

9 5
10 5.4 0.4
11 6 0.6 0.2
12 6.8 0.8 0.2 0.0
13 7.5 0.7 -0.1 - 0.3 -0.3
14 8.1 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.6
Observe from the above two tables that , etc.

EXERCISE 11.2.16

1. Show that

2. Prove that

3. Obtain in terms of Hence show that

Remark 11.2.17 In general it can be shown that or

Remark 11.2.18 In view of the remarks (11.2.8) and (11.2.17) it is obvious that, if is a polynomial

function of degree then is constant and for

Next: Central Difference Operator Up: Difference Operator Previous: Forward Difference Operator Contents
A K Lal 2007-09-12

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