Construction Material & Management

(Solutions for Text Book Practice Questions)

29. Ans: (c)

03. Construction Project Scheduling
Sol:

07. Ans: 13 weeks

Sol:

A
B
Activity C
D 04. CPM Network
E
F
G 03. Ans: (c)
H Sol:

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time (weeks)

Total completion time of period = 13 weeks

Critical Path
28. Ans: (c)
1 – 3 – 7 – 9 – 10
Sol:
2 Critical path duration = 1 + 3+ 7 + 9 + 10
a d = 30 days

b f
1 3 5 04. Ans: (c)
c e Sol:
4 Path Duration
1-2-4-7-9 6 + 4 + 8 + 10 = 28
1-3-5-7-9 8 + 9 + 14 + 10 = 41
2 dummy activities are required in AOA
1-3-6 -8 -9 8 + 10 + 13 + 15 = 46
diagram.
 Critical path is 1-3- 6 -8 - 9

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 2 CIVIL-Postal Coaching Solutions

06. Ans: (b) 05. PERT Network

Sol:
TE =1 TE =4
3
3 4 02. Ans: (b)
1 4
TE =11 Sol: t0 = 8 min, tm = 10 min, tp = 14 min
TE =0
1 5 6

TE =4 t 0  4t m  t p 8  410   14
4
2 tE    10.33 min
2 5 6 6
4
TE =9
 Earliest start time for activity 5  6 = 9 days 03. Ans: (a)
Sol: Given TS = 27 days
08. Ans: (b) From the network given TE = 23 days
Sol:   2 2  2.8 2  2 2  3.98 ≃ 4

TS  TE 27  23
Z  1
 4
For Z = 1
P = 0.841

05. Ans: (c)

Sol: tE = 36 days
27 days is earliest expected completion
2 = 4   = 2
TS = 36 days
TS  TE 36  36
10. Ans : (c) Z   0;
 2
Sol :
Z = 0  50% probability

06. Ans: (c)

Sol:   sum of var iances of critical path

  4  16  4  1
 25
Total float = 15 – 9 = 6
 = 5 units
Free float = 22 – 12 – 9 = 1
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 3 Construction Material & Management

07. Ans: (d) 19. Ans : (b)

Sol: Given , 2 = 4   = 2 Sol : Z = 1.647 for 95%
2
TS = 24 days  = 9 weeks =3
TE = ? T = 70 weeks
From the given network diagram, TE = 20 Ts = ?
days Ts  T
Z
TS  TE 24  20 
Z  2
 2 Ts  70
1.647 
For Z = 2, probability of completion = 97.7% 3
Ts = 70 + 4.941 = 74.94 weeks
13. Ans: (a)
t o  4t L  t P 20. Ans : (d)
Sol: t E 
6 Sol: Activity TE 
8  4  9  13 10 – 20 5.5 1.167
 = 9.5
6 20 – 30 0 0
2 2
t t   13  8  30 – 40 6 1
Variance,  2   P o    
 6   6  40 – 50 8.5 1.167
25
2 
36

18. Ans: (*)

Sol: to = 9 days
tp = 21 days
tm = 15 days
TS = 13 days Total duration = 5.5 + 6 + 8.5
t 0  4t m  t p 9  4(15)  21 = 20 days
tE    15 days
6 6 Standard deviation = 1.167 2  12  1.167 2
tp  to 15  9 = 1.93
   1 day
6 6
t s  t e 13  15
Z   2
 1
For Z = –2, probability  2.30%

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 4 CIVIL-Postal Coaching Solutions

22. Ans: (d) 06. Project Crashing & Resource Allocation

Sol:
11. Ans: (a)
Sol:
Parallel Total Resource
Week
Activities Load
th
9 A 6
th
t o  4t m  t p 11 A+B 6 + 4 = 10
tE  13th A + B+ D 6 + 4 + 7 = 17
6
th
6  4( 7 )  8 15 A+B+C+D 6 + 4 + 3 + 7 = 20
tE  7
6
From the above, the maximum resource load
12  412   18
tE   13 per week is 20
6
9  415  18 29 12. Ans: (a)
tE  
6 2 Sol:
Project duration = 7 + 13 + 14.5 = 34.5 8
2 2 2
8  6  18  12   18  9 
 cp       
 6   6   6 
2 2
1  3
   1  
3 2
1 9 From the given diagram, on the 21st & 22nd
 1
9 4 day three concurrent activities are there with
4  36  81 11 a total resources of 6 + 7 + 9 = 22.
 
36 6 Minimum resource occurs when only one
activity exists. In the present case it is 6 per
day.
 Maximum resources is 22 and minimum
is 6

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 5 Construction Material & Management

15. Ans: (b) 22. Ans: (a)

Sol: Sol: On 11th day, activities
2
B – E, B – F & D – E are under execution.
A
E Total resources = 6 + 5 + 10 = 21
B
1 3 D 5 On 16th day, activities
C F C – F & E – F are in progress.
4 Total resources = 4 + 6 = 10
Critical paths  A – E – F
A–D–F 23. Ans: (c)
Activities E & D should be crashed by one Sol:
day to reduce project duration by one day.
 Minimum amount to be spent to reduce
the project duration by 1 day = 40 + 20
= Rs. 60 The time corresponding to the minimum direct
cost for each activity is shown in the above
19. Ans: (c) network. The total optimum duration is 9 + 7 + 4
7 12 = 20 days
Sol: 5
B
A
7
6 12 12
6 25. Ans: (c)
Start C D Finish
6 Sol: Task involved of fixing timber formwork =
8 8 12
4 160 sq.m
E F
Time required for completion = 4 days (8
Number of activities that need to be crashed
hrs/day)
to reduce project duration by one day is 3
 4  8 = 32 hrs.
21. Ans: (d) Team consists of 2 skilled & 1 unskilled
Sol: worker
Day Parallel Total resource Rate of work = 1.25 sq.m/ team/hr
Activities load 160
Number of workers required  4
32  1.25
1st A+C+D 6 + 4 + 8 = 18
th 26. Ans: (a)
5 B+C+D 5 + 4 + 8 = 17
Sol: Quantity of excavation work = 3000 m3
6th B+C+E 5 + 4 + 2 = 11
Output of a man = 100 m3/day
11th E 2
6 men are employed
Maximum resource in a day = 18 units.

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 6 CIVIL-Postal Coaching Solutions

3000 15
Duration of excavation activity  =  12 = 1.8 cr
100  6 100
= 5 days 1.8
% of saving =  100 = 22.5%
8
27. Ans: (a)
Sol: Peak = 40 29. Ans: (b)
Sol: Crew : 2 carpenters
1 helper
Hourly rate of crew = (2 × 85 + 69.5)= 239.5
20% 70% 10% 239.5
Average hourly rate per worker 
3
?
=79.83≃ 80
Average number of workers/day
1 1 07. Engineering Economics and Depreciation
  0.2  40  0.7  40   0.1  40
2 2
= 34
01. Ans: (a)
Working time/week = over time ×number of
Sol: P = Rs. 1000
working days = 1.5 × 5 = 6.5 days
i = 12%
No. of man days available = 6.5 × 34 = 221
n = 5 years
No. of man days required = 1200
F = P(1 + i)n = 1000 (1 + 0.12)5
1200
No. of weeks required  = Rs. 1762.34
221
= 5.42 ≃ 5.5 weeks
02. Ans: (b)
Sol: i = 18%
28. Ans: (c)
n = 10 years
20
Sol: Labour cost = 100  = 20 Cr Equal payment series compound amount
100
factor (F/A, i, n)
60
Non-productive cost =  20 = 12 cr  1  i n  1
100  
40  i 
Productive cost =  20 = 8 cr
100  1  0.1810  1 4.23
15% of wastage resulting from Non-   = 23.52
 0.18  0.18
productive time is eliminated
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 7 Construction Material & Management

03. Ans: (d) 06. Ans: (a)

Sol: i = 14% Sol: i = 18%
n = 10 years n = 10 years
Equal payment series sinking found factor F = Rs. 20000
 i   1   1 
(A/F, i, n)    P  F n 
 20000  10 
 1  i   1  1  i    1.18 
n

 0.14  P = Rs. 3821

 
 1  0.14   1
10

07. Ans: (a)

0.14
 = 0.051 Sol: P = ?
2.707
A = 10,00,000
04. Ans: (a) i = 18%
Sol: P = Rs. 20,000 n = 20 years
i = 14%  1  i n  1   1  0.1820  1
P  A n 
 1000000  20 
n = 5 years  i1  i    0.181.18 
 i1  i n  = Rs. 53,52,746
A  P 
 1  i   1
n
Given initial outlay of project = Rs. 5000000
Present worth of the project
 0.141.14 5 
 20,000   = 53,52,746 – 50,00,000
 1.14   1 
5

= Rs. 3,52,746
A = Rs. 5825
09. Ans: (d)
05. Ans: (c) Sol: 23000 36000
Sol: P = 10,000
n = 5 years 0
F = 20,000 1 2
i=?
50000
F = P(1+ i)n
20000 = 10000 (1 + i)5 Net present value
1/5
(2) =1+i = –50000 + 23000 (`P/F, 16%, 1) + 36000
i = 1.14 – 1 (P/F, 16%, 2)
i = 0.14  14% = –50000 + 19827 + 26753 = – 3420
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 8 CIVIL-Postal Coaching Solutions

11. Ans: (B should be selected) 14. Ans: (a)

Sol: Present worth of A at i = 18%. The cash Sol:
flow diagram of proposal A is shown in Fig

5000 5000 5000

P  
1  0.1 1  0.1 1  0.12
2

Present worth of ‘A’(PWA) = 5000  0.909 + 5000  0.826 + 5000 

PWA(18%) = –10,000 + 3,000 (P/F, 18%, 1) 0.7511
+ 3,0000(P/F, 18%, 2) + 7,000(P/F, 18%, 3) = 12431/-
+ 6,000(P/F, 18%, 4)
= –10,000 + 3,000 (0.8475) + 3,000(0.7182) 19. Ans: (b)
+ 7.000(0.6086) + 6,000 (0.5158)
Sol:
= Rs. 2,052.10
R = 12% p.a
Present worth of B at i = 18%. The cash flow
R = 12% per annum (12 months)
diagram of proposal B is shown in Fig
R = 3% per Quarterly (3 months)
Effective rate of interest when compounded
Quarterly is

3 3 3 3
mon mon mon mon
ths ths ths ths
Present worth of ‘B’(PWB)
3% 3% 3% 3%
PWB(18%) = –10,000 + 6,000 (P/F, 18%, 1)
+ 6,0000(P/F, 18%, 2) + 3,000(P/F, 18%, 3)
+ 3,000(P/F, 18%, 4) 103%  103%  103% 103%
= –10,000 + 6,000 (0.8475) + 6,000(0.7182) 10609 10609 112550
    112.6%  12.6%
+ 3.000(0.6086) + 3,000 (0.5158) 10000 10000 100
= Rs. 2,767.40
The present worth of B is greater than the present
worth of A. Hence, B is the best choice.
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 9 Construction Material & Management

20. Ans: (a) 24. Ans: (c)

Sol: Compound Quarterly Sol: Initial cost = P
(Interest added to principal every Quarter) Salvage value = SV
For 2 years = 24 months, R = 10% p.a
Annual depreciation
R = 10% per annum
P  SV P  0.4P  0.6P
R = 2.5% per quarterly (3 months)   
n 5 5
Rs.1000 After 2 years.
Annual accounting rate of return
Amount = 1000  (102.5%)8
Annual savings  Annual depreciation
= 1000  
Initial cos t
  

0 .6 P
Amount ≈ 50000 
0 .2  5
P
21. Ans: (c)
0 .6 P
2 2 0.2P  50000 
Sol: d   5
n 5
5  50000  0.6P
BVm = P (1 – d)m 0 .2 P 
5
2
 2 1.6P = 5  50000
 2000001  
 5 P = 1,56,250
= 72,000 Cost of two machines = 2  156250
= 3,12,500/-
22. Ans: (b)
i 0.04 25. Ans: (c)
Sol: SFF  
(1  i)  1 (1  0.04) 5  1
n
10000  1000
Sol: Annual depreciation =
= 0.184 5
= 1800
23. Ans: (c) Book value = 10000 – (1800 × 2)
25000  1600 = Rs. 6400
Sol: Annual depreciation 
8
= 2925
Residual book value at beginning of 6th year
= 25000 – (2925 × 5)
= 10375

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 10 CIVIL-Postal Coaching Solutions

08. Construction Contracts and Tendering short duration is again published by the
client. Such a tender notice is called ‘Short
04. Ans: (a) tender notice’. The terms and conditions
Sol: In cost plus fixed fee contract, the owner remain the same as that of ordinary tender
pays the contractor an agreed amount over notice.
and above the documented cost of work
09. Ans: (b)
05. Ans: (a) Sol: Limited or Closed tender:
Sol: In limited tenders, only pre-qualified bidders
 Guaranteed maximum price contract is a are allowed to participate. These tenders are
cost-type contract where the contractor is not advertised in newspapers.
compensated for actual costs incurred 11. Ans: (a)
plus a fixed fee subject to ceiling price. Sol: Earnest money deposit (E.M.D)
 Savings, if any, are returned to the owner. While submitting a tender the contractor is to
 It is different from lump-sum contract deposit a certain amount, about 2% of the
where cost savings are retained by contract value, as EMD as guarantee of the
contractor. tender. The amount is for a check so that the
contractor may not refuse to accept the work
07. Ans: (c)
or run away when his tender is accepted.
Sol: Turn key contract:
An agreement under which a contractor
12. Ans: (b)
completes a project, then hands it over in
Sol: Security deposit:
fully operational form to the client, which
On acceptance of the tender, the contractor
needs nothing to do but ‘turn a key’ to set it
has to deposit 10% of the tendered amount as
in motion.
security deposit which is inclusive of the
Generally ‘turnkey’ refers to ready for
earnest money already deposited.
immediate use.
It is refunded to the contractor after the
08. Ans: (d) satisfactory completion of the whole work
Sol: When work is to be completed very quickly after a specified time (generally after
(or) no contractor prefers to accept the work maintenance period).
(The tender is floated) then a notice with

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