SOLUTIONS-Intext Questions

Question 2.1:Calculate the mass percentage of benzene (C6H6) and carbon tetrachloride
(CCl4) if 22 g of benzene is dissolved in 122 g of carbon tetrachloride.

• Answer

Mass percentage of C6H6

Mass percentage of CCl4

Alternatively,Mass percentage of CCl4 = (100 − 15.28)%= 84.72%

Question 2.2:Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in solution containing 30% by mass in
carbon tetrachloride.

• Answer

Let the total mass of the solution be 100 g and the mass of benzene be 30 g.

∴Mass of carbon tetrachloride = (100 − 30)g= 70 g

Molar mass of benzene (C6H6) = (6 × 12 + 6 × 1) g mol−1= 78 g mol−1

∴Number of moles of = 0.3846 mol

Molar mass of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) = 1 × 12 + 4 × 355= 154 g mol−1

∴Number of moles of CCl4 = 0.4545 mol

Thus, the mole fraction of C6H6 is given as:

 = 0.458

Question 2.3:Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions: (a) 30 g of Co(NO3)2.
6H2O in 4.3 L of solution (b) 30 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4 diluted to 500 mL.

• Answer

Molarity is given by:

(a) Molar mass of Co (NO3)2.6H2O = 59 + 2 (14 + 3 × 16) + 6 × 18= 291 g mol−1

∴Moles of Co (NO3)2.6H2O = 0.103 mol

Therefore, molarity = 0.023 M

(b) Number of moles present in 1000 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4 = 0.5 mol

∴Number of moles present in 30 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4 = 0.015 mol

Therefore, molarity = 0.03 M

Question 2.4:Calculate the mass of urea (NH2CONH2) required in making 2.5 kg of 0.25
molal aqueous solution.

• Answer

Molar mass of urea (NH2CONH2) = 2(1 × 14 + 2 × 1) + 1 × 12 + 1 × 16= 60 g mol−1

0.25 molar aqueous solution of urea means:

1000 g of water contains 0.25 mol = (0.25 × 60)g of urea= 15 g of urea

That is,(1000 + 15) g of solution contains 15 g of urea

Therefore, 2.5 kg (2500 g) of solution contains = 36.95 g= 37 g of urea

(approximately)

Hence, mass of urea required = 37 g

 Note: There is a slight variation in this answer and the one given in the NCERT textbook.

Question 2.5:Calculate (a) molality (b) molarity and (c) mole fraction of KI if the density of
20% (mass/mass) aqueous KI is 1.202 g mL-1.

• Answer

(a) Molar mass of KI = 39 + 127 = 166 g mol−1

20% (mass/mass) aqueous solution of KI means 20 g of KI is present in 100 g of solution.

That is, 20 g of KI is present in (100 − 20) g of water = 80 g of water

Therefore, molality of the solution = 1.506 m= 1.51 m

(approximately)

(b) It is given that the density of the solution = 1.202 g mL−1

∴Volume of 100 g solution

= 83.19 mL= 83.19 × 10−3 L

Therefore, molarity of the solution = 1.45 M

(c) Moles of KI

Moles of water

Therefore, mole fraction of KI

= 0.0263

Question 2.6:H2S, a toxic gas with rotten egg like smell, is used for the qualitative analysis.
If the solubility of H2S in water at STP is 0.195 m, calculate Henry’s law constant.

• Answer

It is given that the solubility of H2S in water at STP is 0.195 m, i.e., 0.195 mol of H2S is
dissolved in 1000 g of water.
 Moles of water = 55.56 mol

∴Mole fraction of H2S, x = 0.0035

At STP, pressure (p) = 0.987 bar

According to Henry’s law:p = KHx

= 282 bar

Question 2.7:Henry’s law constant for CO2 in water is 1.67 × 108 Pa at 298 K. Calculate the
quantity of CO2 in 500 mL of soda water when packed under 2.5 atm CO2 pressure at 298 K.

• Answer

It is given that: KH = 1.67 × 108 Pa = 2.5 atm = 2.5 × 1.01325 × 105 Pa

= 2.533125 × 105 Pa

According to Henry’s law:

= 0.00152

We can write,

[Since, is negligible as compared to ]

In 500 mL of soda water, the volume of water = 500 mL

[Neglecting the amount of soda present]

 We can write:500 mL of water = 500 g of water

= 27.78 mol of water

Now,

Hence, quantity of CO2 in 500 mL of soda water = (0.042 × 44)g= 1.848 g

Question 2.8:The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B are 450 and 700 mm Hg
respectively, at 350 K. Find out the composition of the liquid mixture if total vapour pressure
is 600 mm Hg. Also find the composition of the vapour phase.

• Answer

It is given that:

= 450 mm of Hg

= 700 mm of Hg, ptotal = 600 mm of Hg

From Raoult’s law, we have:Therefore, total pressure,

Therefore, = 1 − 0.4 = 0.6

Now, = 450 × 0.4 = 180 mm of Hg

= 700 × 0.6 = 420 mm of Hg

Now, in the vapour phase:

 Mole fraction of liquid A

= 0.30

And, mole fraction of liquid B = 1 − 0.30 = 0.70

Question 2.9:Vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23.8 mm Hg. 50 g of urea

(NH2CONH2) is dissolved in 850 g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure of water for this
solution and its relative lowering.

• Answer

It is given that vapour pressure of water, = 23.8 mm of Hg

Weight of water taken, w1 = 850 g ,Weight of urea taken, w2 = 50 g

Molecular weight of water, M1 = 18 g mol−1 ,Molecular weight of urea, M2 = 60 g mol−1

Now, we have to calculate vapour pressure of water in the solution. We take vapour pressure
as p1.

Now, from Raoult’s law, we have:

Hence, the vapour pressure of water in the given solution is 23.4 mm of Hg and its relative
lowering is 0.0173.
 Question 2.10:Boiling point of water at 750 mm Hg is 99.63°C. How much sucrose is to be
added to 500 g of water such that it boils at 100°C. Molal elevation constant for water is 0.52
K kg mol−1.

• Answer

Here, elevation of boiling point ΔTb = (100 + 273) − (99.63 + 273)= 0.37 K

Mass of water, wl = 500 g

Molar mass of sucrose (C12H22O11), M2 = 11 × 12 + 22 × 1 + 11 × 16= 342 g mol−1

Molal elevation constant, Kb = 0.52 K kg mol−1

We know that:

= 121.67 g (approximately)

Hence, 121.67 g of sucrose is to be added.

Note: There is a slight variation in this answer and the one given in the NCERT textbook

Question 2.11:Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, C6H8O6) to be dissolved in

75 g of acetic acid to lower its melting point by 1.5°C. Kf = 3.9 K kg mol−1.

• Answer

Mass of acetic acid, w1 = 75 g

Molar mass of ascorbic acid (C6H8O6), M2 = 6 × 12 + 8 × 1 + 6 × 16= 176 g mol−1

Lowering of melting point, ΔTf = 1.5 K ,We know that:

= 5.08 g (approx)

Hence, 5.08 g of ascorbic acid is needed to be dissolved.

 Note: There is a slight variation in this answer and the one given in the NCERT textbook.

Question 2.12:Calculate the osmotic pressure in pascals exerted by a solution prepared by

dissolving 1.0 g of polymer of molar mass 185,000 in 450 mL of water at 37°C.

• Answer

It is given that:Volume of water, V = 450 mL = 0.45 L

Temperature, T = (37 + 273)K = 310 K

Number of moles of the polymer,

We know that: Osmotic pressure,

= 30.98 Pa = 31 Pa (approximately)