National Service Training Program

Literacy Training Service

Content-based learning module

1.1
for National Service Training program NSTP
–LTS 1

Title: Republic Act 9163 -Implementing Rules and

Regulations of NSTP Name of Student:
Course/
Year: Class
Schedule:

Module Overview:

This first module dwells on the National Service Training Program as mandated
in the curricula of all baccalaureate programs. Lesson 1 discusses the vital provisions
of NSTP Implementing Rules and Regulations and the aims of NSTP Program to
promote and integrate values education, transformational leadership, spirit of
patriotism and nationalism and sustainable social mobilization for youth development,
community building and national security. Furthermore, it discusses the brief history
of NSTP, Republic Act 9163, and the significance of NSTP as well as its three (3)
main program components.

Learning Outcomes:

● Explain the vital provisions of NSTP Implementing Rules and Regulations

● Express insights about the beauty LTS as one of the program component of
National Service Training Program (NSTP); and
● Create a written or visual representation of your concept of Literacy Training Program

LECTURE NOTES
Read this…

What is RA 9163?
Republic Act No. 9163 is an act establishing the National Service Training Program or
NSTP (for tertiary level students) amending for the purpose Republic Act No. 7077 and
PD No. 1706.
Motivations:
● Have you experienced working in the community?
● How did you feel about it?
● Do you know that students like you are now required to actively participate in
community service through RA No. 9163 or simply the NSTP Law?
● Learning Outcomes
● After completing this module, you can:

What is meant by the NSTP?

The National Service Training Program (NSTP) is defined under Republic Act No. 9163,
section 3, as a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense
preparedness in the youth by
 developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its
three program components.
How can NSTP enhance civic consciousness and defense preparedness ?
Since NSTP is training, civic consciousness can be enhanced by doing community
immersion which is an integral part of Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) and
Literacy Training Service (LTS) while defense preparedness is enhanced through the
Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC).
What is the difference among CWTS, LTS and ROTC?
CWTS and LTS deal with civic enhancement while ROTC focuses on defense or military
preparedness. To understand further, section 3 of Republic Act No. 9163, the program
components of NSTP are defined as:
Reserve Officer Training Corps
refers to the program component institutionalized under Sections 38 and 39 of Republic
Act No. 7077, designed to provide military training to tertiary level students in order to
motivate, train, organize, and mobilize them for national defense preparedness;
Literacy Training Service
refers to the program component designed to train students to teach literacy and
numeracy skills to school children, out of school youths, and other segments of the
society in need of their services; and
Civic Welfare Training Service -
refers to the program component or activities contributory to the general welfare and the
betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of its facilities,
especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship,
safety, recreation, and moral of the citizenry and other social welfare services
1. These three components differ in specialization.
ROTC focuses on the military science training wherein students are trained in
preparation for war, while CWTS and LTS deal with civic enhancement through
community immersion programs.
● The difference between LTS and CWTS is the program implementation.
Literacy Training Service is designed to train future teachers of the nation for eradicating
illiteracy of children and out of school youths, while Civic Welfare Training Service is
designed to promote general welfare to the community. It is a program that enhances the
way of living of every person in the community.
Does every first year student covered by the NSTP law?
Yes, every first year student starting School Year 2002-2003, male or female, enrolled
in any baccalaureate degree and in at least two years Technical-Vocational or associate
course is required to complete at least one of the three components of the NSTP as a
graduation requirement as stipulated in Republic Act No. 9163, Rule 3, section 4a.
What if a student is 2nd degree taker? Or a graduate of associate course before
SY 2003-2004? Or a transferee which took the NSTP from other University?
Based on RA 9163, Rule 3, Sections 4a1 and 4a3, students who finished or graduated
before SY 2003 and 2004 are exempted to take the NSTP.
What if a student is 2nd degree taker? Or a graduate of associate course before
SY 2003-2004? Or a transferee which took the NSTP from other University?
Also exempted are those students who completed any of the three components but
considered freshmen to the course where they transferred or shifted; foreign students;
and students of
Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, Philippine National Police Academy and
Philippine Military Academy in view of the special character of these institutions.
How long will it take to finish the NSTP Program?
Rule 6, Sections 6a and 6b of RA 9163 clarified the course duration of NSTP wherein
every student shall take NSTP for an academic period of two semesters which consists
of 3 units per semester
with a minimum of 54 hours and a maximum of 90 days training hours per semester or it
can be undertaken for one summer program in lieu of the two semesters.
How much is the payment for taking NSTP?
The NSTP tuition fee is paid for fifty percent of the current tuition fee per unit of the
university. For example, if a student is paying Php 200.00 tuition fee per unit for a
subject with 3 units, he/she may pay Php 600.00 tuition fee. If the same student takes
the NSTP subject, the student may pay Php 300.00 only. This is in reference to Rule 4,
Section 9 of NSTP law which states that:
“No fees shall be collected for any of the NSTP components except basic tuition,
which should not be more than fifty (50%) percent of the charges of the school
per academic unit.”
Even though it is stipulated in the NSTP law that only basic tuition is allowed to be
collected, majority of universities are collecting other fees such as uniform as approved
by proper authorities of the university.
The reason for collecting uniform fee in NSTP is for identification and safety of the
students, since most of the NSTP Programs are done outside the university.

What will happen after the students have complied with the NSTP Program?
Every student will be given a certificate of completion with corresponding serial
number issued by CHED, TESDA and DND as reflected in Rule 6, Section 12 of RA
9163.
All graduates of the CWTS and LTS components of the NSTP shall belong to the
National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC) and could be tapped by the state for literacy
and civic welfare activities especially in times of calamities.
While those graduates of ROTC shall form part of the Citizen Armed Forces pursuant to
RA 7077 as stipulated in Rule 5, Sections 11a and 11c of the NSTP law.

Brief History of NSTP

1935 - Commonwealth Act No. 1 / National Defense Act Under the government of
Pres. Manuel L. Quezon Required college students, particularly males to finish 2 years
(equivalent to 4 semesters), of military training Started the reservist system in the
Philippine national defense. Executive Order no. 207 of 1939- ROTC in World War II By
1941 there were 33 colleges and universities throughout the country that maintained
ROTC units. All however, were closed with the onset of World War II. The war saw
ROTC products in action for the first time. Cadets from different Metro Manila units took
part in the defense of Bataan and after the surrender of last American bastion in the
archipelago 1980 – Presidential Decree No. 1706 / National Service Law Mandated
compulsory national service to all Filipino citizens- It was composed of 3 main program
components namely: Civic Welfare Service (CWS) Law Enforcement Service (LES)
Military Service (MS) College students were given an option to choose one from among
these components in compliance with this requirement. 1986-1987 Republic Act No.
7077 / The Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Law Under Pres. Corazon
C Aquino, it paved the way for the conceptualization of the Basic Reserve Officer’s Training
Corps (ROTC) ROTC Crisis of 2001 Good intentions of ROTC were tainted with anomalies,
thus defeating the purpose which this military training was anchored. Student protests
threaten the very existence of ROTC
 Mark Welson Chua - a student of the University of Sto Tomas whose death is widely
believed to be linked to his exposé of anomalies in the ROTC Unit of the university. His
death became the channel for the passage of Republic Act 9163 or the "National
Service Training Program (NSTP)" Law. Chua received death threats after his
revelations. The new ROTC commandant advised him to undergo security training at
Fort Bonifacio. On March 15, 2001, he was supposed to "meet" an agent but he was
never seen alive again. Three days later, his decomposing body wrapped in a carpet
floated in the dirty waters of Pasig River, with his hands and feet tied and face wrapped
in cloth and packing tape. The autopsy report showed sludge in his lungs, indicating he
was alive when he was thrown into the river. Mandatory No-More – Expanded ROTC (E-
ROTC) - The end of mandatory ROTC in the Philippines, and the establishment of the
NSTP R.A. 9163 National Service Reserve Corps (RA 9163) it was conceptualized by
former CHED secretary Dr. Ester A. Garcia and signed by former President Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo in response to the public clamor reform in the reserve training corps.

● Republic Act no. 7077

This act known as the “Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservists Act” aims to
organize, train develop and maintain and support unit two armed forces of the
Philippines to help protect our country and citizens in the event of war, invasion or
rebellion; assist in relief and rescue during disaster or calamities, in socio economic
development; and in operation and maintenance of essential government or private
utilities in furtherance of overall mission.
Pursuant to this act, graduates of ROTC component shall form part of the Citizen
Armed force subject to Department of National Defense (DND) requirements
whereas; Graduates of Non-ROTC components (CWTS and LTS) Shall belong to
the National Service Reserve Corps and could be tapped by the state for literacy and
civic welfare activities in times of calamities. The guiding principle of Republic Act
9163 is also known as the NSTP Act of 2001 also states that the prime duty of the
government is to serve and protect its citizens who in turn shall also protect and
defend the state for their security and to fulfill this, the government may require each
citizens to render personal, military or civic service.

The Philippine Preamble

“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to
build a just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our
ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our
patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence
and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love,
equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.”
The above preamble serves as an introduction to our 1987 Philippine Constitution.
It is stated that we, the Filipino people, must leave morally upright and value our
existence as one family under God in order to develop and uphold a just humane
society. Each of us must envision and mutually exert efforts to preserve a peaceful,
independent, and democratic nation towards a continuing growth economically,
politically, culturally, and spiritually.
There are some other relevant provisions in our constitution that clarify the
framework of NSTP as an avenue for extending services for the common good.
Article II, Section 13 provides that the "State recognizes the vital role of the youth
in nation-building in shall promote their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and
social well-
 being. it shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism and encourage their
involvement in public and civic will affairs.
Article Xiv, Section 3.2. also mention that all educational institutions "Shall
inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for human
rights, appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical development of the
country, teach the rights, and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual
values, develop moral character and personal discipline, encourage critical and
creative thinking, broaden and specific technological knowledge, and promote
vocational efficiency. there are some of many ideologies and practices that the
national service training program intends to impart to students as the service
providers and to the community as recipient. the industry we shall abide by the national
motto “MAKA-DIYOS, MAKATAO, MAKAKALIKASAN, AT MAKABANSA” as stipulated in
section 40 of republic act 8497 known as the “Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines.”

Focus Questions
Thingking to Learning Thoroughly

Go back to the video presentation https://youtu.be/yd1OYGd7vVY

1. Think and express insights about LTS as one of the program component of
National Service Training Program (NSTP)
2. What do you think is the significance of discussing the brief history of NSTP; and
3. How do you differentiate its three (3) main program components?

Learning Activity
Enriching what have you learned

Activity 1. Directions: Complete the following phrases. 10 points each.

1. I believe that as a student, National Service Training Program will
help me to

2. The National Service Training Program is important as part of the curriculum

because

3. As a student of NSTP-LTS, I can be of better service of my country by

.
10 POINT RUBRIC*
*What is a rubric? It is a scoring guide.
It provides well-defined criteria from which a learners like you can improve their
performance.
Points Level Description
9-10 Outstanding Written and very organized. Excellent grammar mechanics.
Clear and concise statements.
Excellent effort and presentation with detail.
Demonstrates a thorough understanding of the topic.
Good Writes fairly clear. Good grammar mechanics.
Good presentation and organization.
Sufficient effort and detail.
7-8 Fair Minimal effort. Good grammar mechanics.
Fair presentation.
Few supporting details.
4-5 Poor Somewhat unclear. Shows little effort.
Poor grammar mechanics.
Confusing and choppy, incomplete sentences.
No organization of thoughts.
3-1 Very Poor Very poor grammar mechanics. Lacking effort.
Very unclear.
Does not address topic.
Limited attempt.

Assignment

●
Write a poem or essay or draw some visual art that you can share that expresses
what Literacy Training Program means to you.
References:
https://www.Cdasia January 23, 2002
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2002/01/23/republic-act-no-9163/ [PDF]
Republic Act No. 9163, January 23, 2002
Youtube: https://youtu.be/yd1OYGd7vVY
 .

National Service Training Program

Literacy Training Service

Content-based learning module

1.2
for National Service Training program NSTP
–LTS 1

Title: Citizenship and good

governance Name of Student:
Course/ Year:
Class Schedule:

Module Overview:

This module introduces you to Citizenship and good governance, 1987 Constitution -
Article III, Bill of Rights, Classes of rights and the classification of constitutional rights.
This module also deals with the discussion of Good governance in the local government
which aims to increase the civil engagement among students. In addition, you will also
learn the aspects of due process of law and the procedural due process.
Before starting the lecture note, you are to answer some questions for you to assess
yourselves on what prior knowledge you have about your “rights” as a Filipino Citizen written in
1987 Constitution in Article III the Bill of Rights. Then at the end of the lessons you have
to ask yourselves with the same questions to see what you learned from.

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this module you can:

● Describe the classification of Constitutional Rights;
● Discuss the importance of citizenship and good governance in local government
and national government.
● Write a reflection about a scenario related to Bill of Rights

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Before we start with this lecture note part, let us answer this formative
assessment to check your prior knowledge about the topic. After reading each
statement, write True or False in the column ‘before reading’ back to this after you
complete reading this chapter.
Before After
Statements
Reading Reading
1. Rights of accused is the right intended for the protection of a person
accused of any crime. Example is the right to presumption of
innocence, the right to a speedy impartial, and public trial.
2. The right to receive a minimum wage as a worker and the right to
adopt a child by an unrelated person is a natural right that cannot be
taken away from any person.
3. Any person under investigation of an offense should not be informed
to remain silent and do have competent and independent
 counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the
service of the council, he must be provided with one.
4. Suffrage is a natural right of all Filipino citizens regardless of your status in
life, age and gender.
5. Constitutional rights are the rights possessed by every citizen without
being granted by the State, for they are given to man by God as a
human being created in His image so that he may live a happy life.

LECTURE NOTES
Read this…

Good governance is an indeterminate term used in the international development

literature to describe how public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public
resources. Governance is “the process of decision-making and the process by which
decisions are implemented (or not implemented.” The term governance can play to
corporate, international, national, local governance or to I nteractions between other
sectors of society.
The concept of “good governance” often emerges as a model to compare
ineffective economies or political bodies with viable economies and political bodies. The
concept centers on the responsibility of governments and governing bodies to meet the
needs of the masses as opposed to select groups in society. Because countries often
described as “most successful” are western liberal democratic states, concentrated in
Europe and the Americas, good governance standards often measure any other state
institutions against these states. Aid organizations and the authorities of developed
countries often focus the meaning of “good governance” on a set of requirements that
conform with the organizations.

Good Governance in National Government

Good Governance in the context of countries is a broad term, and in that regard,
it is difficult to find a unique definition. According to Fukuyama (2013), there are two
dimensions to qualify governance as good or bad: the capacity of the state and the
bureaucracy’s autonomy.
They both complement, in the sense that when the state is more capable, for
instance, through the collection of taxes, there should be more autonomy because the
bureaucrats are able to conduct things well without being instructed with a lot of details.
In less capable states, however, less discretion and more rule settings are desirable.
Another way to think about good governance is true outcomes. Since governments
carry out goals, like the provision of public goods of their citizens, there is no better way
to think about good governance other than through deliverables, which are precisely the
ones demanded citizens, such as security, health, education, water, enforcement of
contracts, protection of property, protection of the environment, and their ability to vote
and get paid with fair wages. Similarly, good governance might be approximated with
the provision of public services in an efficient manner, higher participation given to
certain groups in the population (like the poor and the minorities), the guarantee that
citizens have the opportunity of checks and balances in the government, the
establishment and then enforcement of norms for the protection of the citizens and their
property, and the existence of independent judiciary systems.
Lawson (2011) in his review of Rothstein’s book. The quality of government:
Corruption, social trust, and inequality in international perspective, mentions that the
author relates good governance to the concept of impartiality, which is basically when
the bureaucrats perform their task following the public interest rather than their own self-
interest. Lawson differs with him in this impartial application of law that ignores
important factors like economic liberalism, which matters because of its relation to
economic growth.

Good Governance in the Local Government

Good Governance is argued to be most important in local governments. It tries to
promote more relationships between government and
1. Empowered citizens,
 2. Neighborhood councils, and
3. Community councils.
Good governance in the local government aims to increase civil engagement with
more members of the community to get the best options that serve the people.
● CITIZENSHIP
● Who are classified as Philippine citizens?
Under the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article IV, Section 1, it states that:
Section 1 The following are citizens of the Philippines:
1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption
of this Constitution;
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance of law
● What are the modes in acquiring Philippine citizenship?
There are two (2) generally recognized forms of acquiring Philippine citizenship:
1. Filipino by birth
a) Jus soli (right of soil) which is the legal principle that a person’s nationality at birth is
determined by the place of birth (e.g. the territory of a given state)
b) Jus sanguinis (right of blood) which is the legal principle that, at birth, an
individual acquires the nationality of his/her natural parent/s. The Philippine
adheres to this principle.
2. Filipino by naturalization which is the judicial act of adopting a foreigner
and clothing him with the privileges of a native-born citizen. It implies the
renunciation of a former nationality and the fact of entrance into a similar
relation towards a new body politic (2Am.Jur.561,par.188).
Question!
I am a natural born Filipino who was naturalized in another country; can I re-acquire my
Filipino citizenship without losing current my citizenship?
Former natural-born Filipino who has been naturalized in another country who wishes to
retain or re-acquire their Philippine citizenship may apply for Retention/Re-acquisition of
Philippine Citizenship pursuant to RA 9225.
● Can I include my dependents for my application of RA 9225?
Children below 18 years of age may be included as dependents to your application for RA 9225.
● I am a foreign national with a Filipino parent; can I apply for a Filipino citizenship?
Foreign nationals who were born outside of the Philippines to a Filipino parent
(Note: the parent/s must be Philippine citizen/s at the time of the applicant’s birth)
may apply for Recognition as a Filipino citizen, without losing the current
citizenship of the applicant.

1987 Constitution - Article III

Approved: 02 February 1987
BILL OF RIGHTS
● Concept of Bill of Rights
Bill of Rights may be defined as a declaration and enumeration of a person's
rights and privileges that the constitution is designed to protect against violation by the
government or by an individual or groups of individuals. It is a charter liberties for the
individual and a limitation upon the power of the State.
● Classes of Rights
1. Natural rights - They are the rights possessed by every citizen without
being granted by the State, for they are given to man by God as a human being
created in His image so that he may live a happy life.
Examples: the right to life, the right to liberty, the right to property, and the right to
love.
 2. Constitutional rights - They are the rights that are conferred and
protected by the Constitution. Since they are part of the fundamental law, they
cannot be modified or taken away by any law-making body.
3. Statutory rights - They are the rights that provided by laws
promulgated by a law- making body; consequently, they may be abolished by the
same body.
Examples: the right to receive a minimum wage and the right to adopt a
child by an unrelated person.
● Classification of Constitutional Rights
The human rights secured by the Constitution include social and economic rights, not just
political and civil rights.
They are as follows:
1. Political rights- they are such rights of the citizens that give them the power to
participate, directly or indirectly, in the establishment or administration of the
government.
Examples: the right of suffrage and the right to information and matters of public
concern.

2. Civil Rights - They are the rights that the law will enforce at the instance of
private individuals for the purpose of securing for them then enjoyment of their
means of happiness.
Examples: The right to do, process and equal protection of the law; The rights
against involuntary servitude and imprisonment for Nonpayment of debts or poll
tax; the constitutional rights of the accused; the social and economic rights,
religious freedom, and of changing the name, and the right against impairment of
obligation of a contract; freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, the
right of assembly and petition; and the right to form association.

3. Social and economic rights- The referred to the rights that are intended to
ensure the well-being and economic security of the individual.
Examples: just compensation for private property taken for public use; promotion
of social justice; the conservation and utilization of natural resources; The
promotion of education, the science and technology, the arts and cultures.

4. Rights of accused- they are (civil) rights and intended for the protection of the
person accused of any crime.
Examples: The right against and unreasonable search and seizure; the right to
presumption of innocence the right to a speedy impartial, and public trial; the
right against cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment.
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, Liberty, or property without due
process of law nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.

● Meaning of due process of law

Any deprivation of life, liberty, or property by the state is with due process if it is done (a)
under the authority of the law that is valid or of the constitution itself, and (b) After
compliance with reasonable methods a procedure prescribed by law.
● Aspects of due process of law
Due process of law, has, therefore, a two- fold aspect namely:
1. Procedural due process- Richard first to the method or manner by which the
law is enforced. It requires, to Paraphrase Daniel Webster's famous definition a
procedure
“which hears before it condemns, which proceeds upon inquiry, and renders judgment
only after trials.” An indispensable requisite of this aspect of due process is the
requirement of notice of hearing.
 2. Substantive due process-which require the law itself, not really the procedures
by which the law would be enforced, is fair, reasonable, and just. In other words,
No person shall be deprived of his life, liberty, and property, for arbitrary reasons
or on flimsy grounds.
● Procedural due process to
1. In judicial proceedings -for the most part, procedural due process has its
application in judicial proceedings, civil or criminal it requires:
a. An impartial court a clothed below with authority to hear and determine the
matter before it.
b. Jurisdiction lawfully acquired over the person of the dependent or property,
which is the subject matter of the proceedings.
c. Opportunity to be heard given the defendant; and
d. Judgment to be rendered after lawful hearing.
Thus, there is a denial of procedural due process where an accused has
been charged with an offense (e.g., theft) and convicted of another
(e.g.,robbery). Of course, the plaintiff has also a right to be given opportunity to
be heard on his claim.

2. In administrative proceedings- due process, however, is not always a judicial

process. In certain proceedings of an administrative character, notice and hearing
may be dispensed with, where because of public need our for practical reasons,
the same is not feasible. Thus, the open there may be suspended being an
investigation for violation of civil service rules and regulation.

 Substantive due process

Viewed in its substantive aspect, due process of law requires that the law in question
affecting life, liberty or property be a valid law, i.e., within the power of law-making body
to enact and is reasonable in its operation. Thus, a tax that is imposed for a private
purpose constitute the taking of property without due process as it is beyond the 30 of
the legislature to levy.
ARTICLE III - BILL OF RIGHTS
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor
shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and
no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined
personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the
witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or
things to be seized.
Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon
lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law.
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for
any purpose in any proceeding.
Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press,
or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of
grievances.
Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without
discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the
exercise of civil or political rights.
Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall
not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired
except in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by
law.
Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized.
Access to official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or
decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be
afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.
Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to
form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.
Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.
Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall
not be denied to any person by reason of poverty.
Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the
right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel
preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be
provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel.
(2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will
shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms
of detention are prohibited.
(3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be
inadmissible in evidence against him.
(4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as
compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families.
Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when
evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released
on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the
privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required.
Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of
law. (2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is
proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature
and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the
witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and
the production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed
notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been duly notified and his failure
to appear is unjustifiable.
Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of
invasion or rebellion when the public safety requires it.
Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial,
quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.
Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations.
(2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof
the party shall have been duly convicted.
Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment
inflicted. Neither shall the death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving
heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall
be reduced to reclusion perpetua.
(2) The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or
detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall
be dealt with by law.
Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act
is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to
another prosecution for the same act.
Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.
 Focus Questions
Thinking to Learning Thoroughly

This time, on your own answer the following questions by using what have you
learned from the Lesson
1. Which section in the Bill of Rights do you believe is most important and why?
2. Does anyone have a duty to protect your rights? Elaborate your answer why?

Learning Activities
Enriching what have you learned

This time reread the following statements and indicate your answer (either True or False) ‘after
reading’ column. Compare your answer prior to the lecture and this time.

Before After
Statement
Reading Reading
s
1. Rights of accused is the right intended for the protection of a person
accused of any crime. Example is the right to presumption of
innocence, the right to a speedy impartial, and public trial.

2. The right to receive a minimum wage as a worker and the right to

adopt a child by an unrelated person is a natural right that cannot be
taken away from any person.

3. Any person under investigation of an offense shall not have the right
to be informed to remain silent and do have competent and
independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot
afford the service of the council, he must be provided with one.

4. Suffrage is a natural right of all Filipino citizens regardless of your status in

life, age and gender.

5. Constitutional rights are the rights possessed by every citizen without

being granted by the State, for they are given to man by God as a
human being created in His image so that he may live a happy life.

Assignment

Directions: Read and discuss your assigned scenario below. Along with your group
members, refer to the BILL OF RIGHTS to identify which section is involved and
constitute the question.

SCENARIO 1

Liza inherited a parcel of land on the outskirts of Daet Town that has been in her family
for generations. Even though her family has never utilized the land, she now wishes to
build, along with her brothers, a small family restaurant on the inherited land. Liza
applies for a building permit, and finds out that the Daet town legislature recently
passed a law preventing further construction on land designated as “Land for pubic High
ways.” Her land, it turns out, is now designated as “Land for pubic High ways,” and she is
denied a building permit for any future building on the property.
What amendment or section in the Bill of rights are involved?

Should the Government pay for Liza and her land?

SCENARIO 2

Sara, a fourth-year college student, was caught smoking cigarettes in the school bathroom. The
teacher who caught Sara took her to the Guidance’s office, where a school official questioned her
about whether she was smoking in the bathroom, but she denied it. The Guidance Counselor did
not believe her story and decided to take further action by looking into Sara’s purse. He found a pack
of cigarettes as well as a bag of rolling papers with marijuana. The official then decided to thoroughly
search Sara’s purse. Then discovered a sachet of marijuana and various papers that seemed to
indicate that Sara was dealing with drugs. The guidance counselor called the attention of Sara’s
parents and talked about the situation. But after 2 days a police came to Sara’s house to search for
more evidence because Sara was suspiciously involved in drug pushing in the community.

1. What amendment or section in the Bill of rights are involved?

_

2. Was it appropriate for the school official to examine the contents of Sara’s purse?

_ _
_ _

3.Write your reflection on this situation.

References:

https://www.scbar.org/media/bill_of_rights_lesson-2018
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-
republic-of- the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-
philippines-article-iii
 .”

Service Training into:

Program Literacy Training

Service

Content-based learning module

1.3
for National Service Training program NSTP
–LTS 1

Title: The Flag

Code Name of
Student:
Course/ Year:
Class Schedule:

Module Overview:

This module introduces you to Republic Act 8491, or the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the
Philippines,” that mandates that reverence and respect shall be accorded at all times to the
Philippine flag, the national anthem and other national symbols that embody the country’s
ideals and traditions, and express the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity.
This lesson discusses the code that prescribes some rules on the Philippine flag,
Anthem, Motto, Coat-of-Arms and any other heraldic items and devices of the
Philippines. It also discusses the pledge of allegiance to the Philippine Flag, the
prohibited acts in the code, the importance of national anthem, national motto, and
penalties in Violating RA 8491.

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this module you can:

1.Describe the National Flag as the heraldic code of the Philippines

2. Reflect about the importance of our pledged of allegiance to the Philippine Flag; and

3. Make a charts or 3D model to shows and explain the history of our Philippine Flag.

LECTURE NOTES
Read this…

WHAT IS REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8491? IT IS AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE CODE OF

THE NATIONAL FLAG, ANTHEM, MOTTO, COAT-OF-ARMS AND OTHER
HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES OF THE PHILIPPINES.

Be it enacted by the Senate and Home of Representatives of the Philippines in

Congress assembled:

This act shall be known as the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines.” This
declares that “reverence and respect shall at all times be accorded the flag, the anthem and
other national symbols which embody the national ideals and traditions and which
express the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity. The heraldic items and
devices shall seek to manifest the national virtues and to inculcate in the minds and
hearts of our people a just pride in their native land, fitting respect and affection for the
national flag and anthem, and the proper use of the national motto, coat-of-arms and
other heraldic items and devices.”
The following are important term or definitions found in R.A. 8491

a. “Military” shall mean all branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines including the
Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, and the
Bureau of Fire Protection;

b. “Festoon” shall mean to hang in a curved shape between two points as a decoration;

c. “Flag” shall mean the Philippine National Flag, unless stated otherwise;

d. “Fly” shall mean the part of the flag outside the hoist or length;

e. “Symbol” shall mean any conventional sign which reveals man’s achievement and heroism (for
orders and decorations), identification, authority and a sign of dignity (for coat-of-arms,
logo and insignia);

f. “Half-Mast” shall mean lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the top and
bottom of the staff;

g. “Hoist” shall mean the part of the flag nearest the staff or the canvass to which the halyard is
attached;

h. “Inclement Weather” shall mean that a typhoon signal is raised in the locality;

i. “National Anthem” shall mean the Philippine National Anthem’

j. “Official Residences” shall mean Malacañang, and other government-owned structures

where the President resides, and other structures occupied by the Philippine Consulate
or Embassies abroad;

k. “Places of Frivolty” shall mean places of hilarity marked by or providing boisterous merriment
or recreation; and

l. “Institute” shall mean the National Historical Institute.

UNDERSTANDING OUR THE NATIONAL FLAG

The Design of the National Flag

The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, white and red with an eight-rayed golden-yellow
sun and three five-pointed stars, as consecrated and honored by the people.

Hoisting and Display of the National Flag

The flag shall be displayed in all public buildings, official residences public plazas, and
institutions of learning everyday throughout the year.

The flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night throughout the year, in front of the
following; at Malacanang Palace; the Congress of the Philippines building; Supreme
Court building; the Rizal Monument in Luneta, Manila; Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit,
Cavite; Barasoain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan; the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier,
Libingan ngmga Bayani; Mausuleo de los Beteranos dela Revolucion; all International
Ports of Entry and all other places as maybe designated by the Institute.

The flag shall be properly illuminated at night.

 The flag shall also be displayed in private buildings and residences or raised in
the open flag-staffs in front of said buildings every April 9 (Araw ngKagitingan);
May 1 (Labor Day); May 28 (National Flag Day) to June 12 (Independence
Day); last Sunday of
 August (National Heroes Day); November 30 (Bonifacio Day); and December 30
(Rizal Day); and on such other days as may be declared by the President and/or
local chief executives.

 The flag may also be displayed throughout the year in private buildings or offices
or raised in the open on flag-staffs in front of private buildings: Provided, that they
observe flag- raising ceremonies in accordance with the rules and regulations to
be issued by the Office of the President.
 All government agencies and instrumentalities, and local government offices,
government-owned corporations and local government units are enjoined to
observe flag day with appropriate ceremonies. Socio-civic groups, non-
government organizations and the private sector are exhorted to cooperate in
making the celebrations a success.
 The flag shall be flown on merchant ships of Philippine registry of more than one
thousand (1000) gross tons and on all naval vessels.
 On board naval vessels, the flag shall be displayed on the flagstaff at the stern
when the ship is at anchor. The Flag shall be hoisted to the gaff at the aftermast
when the ship is at sea.
 The flag, if flown from a flagpole, shall have its blue field on top in time of peace
and the red field on top in time of war; if in a hanging position, the blue field shall
be to the right (left of the observer) in time of peace, and the red field to the right
(left of the observer) in time of war.
 The flagpole staff must be straight and slightly tapering at the top.
 If planted on the ground, the flagpole shall be at a prominent place and shall be
of such height as would give the flag commanding position in relation to the
buildings in the vicinity.
 If attached to a building, the flagpole shall be on top of its roof or anchored on a
sill projecting at an angle upward.
 If on stage or platform or government office, the flag shall be at the left (facing the
stage) or the left of the office upon entering.
 When the Philippine flag is flown with another flag, the flags, if both are national
flags, must be flown on separate staffs of the same height and shall be of equal
size. The Philippine flag shall be hoisted first and lowered last.
 If the other flag is not a national flag, it may be flown in the same lineyard as the
Philippine flag but below the latter and it cannot be of greater size than the
Philippine flag.
 When displayed with another flag, the Philippine flag shall be on the right of the
other flag. If there is a line of other flags, the Philippine flag shall be in the middle
of the line.
 When carried in a parade with flags, which are not national flags, the Philippine
flag shall be in front of the center of the line.
 A flag worn out through wear and tear shall not be thrown away. It shall be
solemnly burned to avoid misuse or desecration. The flag shall be replaced
immediately when it begins to show signs of wear and tear.
 The flag shall be raised at sunrise and lowered at sunset. It shall be on the mast at the
start of official’office hours, shall remain flying throughout the day.

Where can our Flag be displayed?

a. Inside or outside-a building or on a stationary flagpoles. If the flag is displayed

indoors on a flagpole, it shall be placed at the left of the observer as one enters the
room;

b. From the top of a flagpole, which shall be at a prominent place or a commanding

position in relation to the surrounding buildings;

c. From a staff projecting upward from the window sill, canopy, balcony or facade of a building.

d. In a suspended position from a rope extending from a building to pole erected away
from the building;

e. Flat against the wall vertically with the sun and stars on top; and
f. Hanging in a vertical position across a street, with the blue field pointing east, if the
road is heading south or north, or pointing north if the road is heading east or west.

 The flag shall not be raised when the weather is inclement. If already raised, the flag
shall not be lowered.
 The flag shall be hoisted to the top briskly and lowered ceremoniously.
 The flag shall never touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, flood, water or other objects.
 After being lowered, the flag shall be handled and folded solemnly as part of the ceremony.
What is the proper Conduct of Flag Raising Ceremony?
 All government offices and educational institutions shall henceforth observe the
flag- raising ceremony every Monday morning and the flag lowering ceremony
every Friday afternoon. The ceremony shall be simple and dignified and shall
include the playing or singing of the Philippine National Anthem.
 The office of the President upon the recommendation of the Institute shall issue
rules and regulations for the proper conduct of the flag ceremony.
 The observance of the flag ceremony in official or civic gatherings shall be simple
and dignified and shall include the playing or singing of the anthem in its original
Filipino lyrics and march tempo.
 During the flag-raising ceremony, the assembly shall stand in formation racing the
flag. At the moment the first note of the anthem is heard, everyone in the
premises shall come to attention; moving vehicles shall stop. All persons present
shall :.ace their right palms over their chests, those with hats shall uncover, while
those in military, scouting, security guard, and citizens military training uniforms
shall give it salute prescribed by their regulations, which salute shall be
completed upon the last note of the anthem.
 The assembly shall sing the Philippine national anthem, accompanied by a band,
r available, and at the first note, the flag shall be raised briskly.
 The same procedure shall be observed when the flag is passing in review or in parade.

Remember: During the flag lowering, the flag shall be lowered solemnly and slowly so
that the flag shall be down the mast at the sound of the last note of the anthem. Those
in the assembly shall observe the same deportment or shall observe the same behavior
as for the flag-raising ceremony.

What is Half-Mast?
The flag shall be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning on all buildings and places
where it is displayed, as provided for in this Act, on the day of official announcement of the
death of any of the following officials:

a. The President or a former President, for ten (10) days;

b. The Vice-President, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of
the House of Representatives, for seven (7) days; and

c. Other persons to be determined by the Institute, for any period less than seven (7) days.

 The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where the
decedent was holding office, on the day of death until the day of interment of
an incumbent member of the Supreme Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or the
House of Representatives, and such other persons as may be determined by
the Institute.
 The flag when flown at half-mast shall be first hoisted to the peak for a
moment then lowered to the half-mast position. The flag shall again be raised
briskly to the peak before it is lowered for the day.

What is Casket and what does it mean?

The flag may be used to cover the caskets of the honored dead of the military, veterans
of previous wars, national artists, and of civilians who have rendered distinguished
service to the
nation, as maybe determined by the local government unit concerned. In such cases,
the flag shall be placed such that the white triangle shall be at the head and the blue
portion shall cover the right side of the caskets. The flag shall not be lowered to the
grave or allowed to touch the ground, but shall be folded solemnly and handed over to
the heirs of the deceased.

What is our Pledge to the Flag?

The following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine Flag:

Ako ay Filipino Na pinakikilos ng

Buong katapatang sambayanang

nanunumpa Sa watawat ng Maka-Diyos,

Pilipinas Makatao,

At sa bansang kanyang Makakalikasan,

sinasagisag Na may dangal, at

katarungan, at kalayaan Makabansa.

Such pledge shall be recited while standing with the right hand palm open raised
shoulder high. Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit them from making
such pledge must nonetheless show full respect when the pledge is being rendered by
standing at attention.

Our Flag Days

The period from May 28 to June 12 of each year is declared as Flag Days, during which
period all offices, agencies and instrumentalities of government, business
establishments, institutions of learning and private homes are enjoined to display the
flag.

What are the Specifications of the National Flag?

The flag shall have the following proportions. The width of the flag, 1; the length of the flag, 2;
and the sides of the white triangle, 1.

The technical specifications shall be as follows:

The blue color shall bear Cable No. 80173; the white color, Cable No. 80001 the red
color, Cable No. 80108; and the golden yellow, Cable No. 80068.
In order to establish uniform criteria in the making of our national flag and to guarantee
its durability by the use of quality materials, the following standards and procedures
shall be observed:

a. All requisitions for the purchase of the Philippine National Flag must be based on
strict compliance with the design, color, craftmanship and material requirements of the
Government.

b. All submitted samples of flags by accredited suppliers offered for purchase for
government use shall be evaluated as to design, color and craftmanship specifications by
the Institute, through its Heraldry and Display Section, which shall stamp its approval or
disapproval on the canvass reinforcement of the flag sample submitted. The samples
shall be sent to the Institute by the requisitioning office, not by the flag supplier; and

c. The Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI) or the Philippine Textile

Research Institute (PTRI) of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) shall
evaluate the quality of material of all flag samples and certify whether the fabric for the
blue, white, red and golden yellow colors, including the canvass submitted, conforms to
government requirement as to quality of the material. The samples shall be submitted
by the said office to the Institute.
All deliveries of the flags requisitioned by the government shall be inspected by the
requisitioning agency’s internal inspector and by the Commission on Audit (COA) using
the flag stamped approved by the Institute as reference.

In carrying out its responsibilities under Section 4 hereof, the Institute, COA, the
ITDI/PTRI shall prepare guidelines to be approved by the Office of the President.

All government agencies and instrumentalities shall ensure that the requirements under
this Act with respect to the standards, requisitions and delivery of the national flag are
strictly complied with.

All departments, agencies, offices, and instrumentalities of the government, government-

owned or controlled corporations, local government units, including barangays, shall
include in their annual budgets the necessary outlay for the purchase of the national
flag.

What are the Prohibited Acts in the flag code?

According to R.A. 8491 the following shall be prohibited:

a. To mutilate, deface, defile, trample, on or cast contempt any act or omission casting
dishonor or ridicule upon the flag over its surface;
b. To dip the flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute;
c. To use the flag:
1. As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth
2. As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects;
3. As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles;
4. As a staff or whip;
5. For unveiling monuments or statues; and
6. As trademarks or for industrial, commercial or agricultural labels or designs.
d. Display the flag:
1. Under any painting or picture;
2. Horizontally face-up. It shall always be hoisted aloft and be allowed to fall freely;
3. Below any platform; or
4. In discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling joints and
places of vice or where frivolity prevails.
e. To wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform;
f. To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, advertisements, or
imprint of any nature on the flag;
g. To print, paint or attach representation of the flag on handkerchiefs, napkins, cushions,
and other articles of merchandise;
h. To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other diplomatic
establishments, and in offices of international organizations.
i. To use, display or be part of any advertisement of infomercial; and
j. To display the flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens.
QUESTION:
DO YOU MEMORIZE OUR NATIONAL ANTHEM? YES OR NO?
WHAT AGE DID YOU LEARNED TO MEMORIZE OUR NATIONAL ANTHEM?
WHAT COMES IN YOUR MIND WHILE YOU ARE SINGING THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ANTHEM?

The Philippine National Anthem is entitled “Lupang Hinirang”

The National Anthem shall always be sung in the national language within or without the
country. The following shall be the lyrics of the National Anthem.

Bayang magiliw,

Perlas ng

silanganan, Alab

ng puso

Sa dibdib mo’y buhay.

Lupang hinirang,

Duyan ka ng

magiting, Sa

manlulupig

Di ka pasisiil.

Sa dagat at bundok,

Sa simoy at sa langit mong

bughaw, May dilag ang tula

At awit sa paglayang minamahal.

Ang kislap ng watawat

mo’y Tagumpay na

nagniningning; Ang bituin

at araw niya, Kailan pa

ma’y di magdidilim.

Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati’t

pagsinta,

Buhay ay langit sa piling mo;

Aming ligaya na ‘pag may mang-

aapi, Ang mamatay nang dahil sa

‘yo.

The rendition of the National Anthem, whether played or sung, shall be in accordance
with the musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe.

When the National Anthem is played at a public gathering, whether by a band or by

singing or both, or reproduced by any means, the attending public shall sing the
anthem. The singing must be done with fervor.

As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand at attention and face the Philippine flag, if
there is one displayed, and if there is none, they shall face the band or the conductor. At
the first note, all persons shall execute a salute by placing their right palms over their left
chests. Those in military,
scouting, citizen’s military training and security guard uniforms shall give the salute
prescribed by their regulations. The salute shall be completed upon the last note of the
anthem.

The anthem shall not be played and sung for mere recreation, amusement or
entertainment purposes except on the following occasions:

a. International competitions where the Philippines is the host or has a representative;

b. Local competitions;

c. During “signing off” and “signing on” of radio broadcasting and television stations;

d. Before the initial and last screening of films or before the opening of theater
performances; and

e. Other occasions as may be allowed by the Institute.

All officials and employees of the national and local governments, and any agencies or
instrumentalities thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations,
privately- owned entities of offices displaying the national flag and government
institutions of learning are hereby directed to comply strictly with the rules prescribed for
the rendition of the anthem. Failure to observe the rules shall be a ground for
administrative discipline.

WHAT IS OUR NATIONAL MOTTO

The national Motto shall be “MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-TAO, MAKAKALIKASAN AT MAKABANSA.”

WHAT IS NATIONAL COAT-OF-ARMS?

The National Coat-of-Arms shall have; Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and gules; a
chief argent studded with three (3) mullets equidistant from each other; and, in point of
honor, ovoid argent over all the sun rayon ant with eight minor lesser rays. Beneath shall
be the scroll with the words “REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS,” inscribed thereon.

WHAT IS THE GREAT SEAL?

The Great Seal shall be circular in form, with the arms as described in the preceding
section, but without the scroll and the inscription thereon. Surrounding the whole shall be
a double marginal circle within which shall appear the words “Republika ng Pilipinas.” For
the purpose of placing The Great Seal, the color of the arms shall not be deemed
essential but tincture representation must be used.

The Great Seal shall bear the National Motto.

The Great Seal shall be affixed to or placed upon all commissions signed by the
President and upon such other official documents and papers of the Republic of the
Philippines as may be provided by law, or as may be required bv custom and usage.
The President shall have custody of the Great Seal.

OFFICIAL SEALS AND OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES

Any government entity, including the military, may adopt appropriate coat-of-arms,
administrative seals, logo, insignia, badges, patches, banners and initiate awards,
citations, orders or decorations, as may be authorized by the Congress or the Office of
the President. Such heraldic devices and items shall be filed with the Institute for
recording and evaluation as to precedence, design, customs and traditions. The institute
shall promulgate the corresponding rules and regulations which shall be submitted for
approval to the Office of the President or to Congress.
All government offices including the military are hereby ordered to purchase all heraldic
items and devices from manufacturers accredited and authorized by the Institute. Such
items and devices shall be subject to inspection by the purchasing agency’s internal inspector
and the COA representative using the design and specifications approved by the Office
of the President or by the Congress, through the Institute.

No government official or employee shall accept any orders or decorations from any
foreign government without the consent of Congress, and without the prior evaluation
and documentation of such order or decoration by the Institute.

WHAT ARE THE PENALTIES IN VIOLATING THE R.A. 8491?

 The Failure or refusal to observe the provisions of this Act; and any violation
of the corresponding rules and regulations issued by the Office of the
President shall, after proper notice and hearing, be penalized by public
censure which shall be published at least once in a newspaper of general
circulation.
 The Department of Education, Culture and Sports and the Commission on Higher
Education, upon the recommendation of the Institute and after the proper notice
and hearing, shall cause the cancellation of the recognition of permit of any
private educational institution which fails or refuses to observe the provisions of
this Act for the second time.
 The Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) and the Commission
on Higher Education shall ensure that the National Anthem, as adopted by law,
shall be committed to memory by all students of both public and private
educational institutions, and performed during the flag ceremony conducted in
accordance with the rules and regulations issued by the Office of the President.
In addition, they shall make available the vocal, piano or band scores of the
National Anthem, as adopted by law, to all private and public schools, as well as
he general public.

 Any person or judicial entity which violates any of the provisions of this Act shall,
upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than Five thousand pesos
(5,000.00) not more than Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00), or by
imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, or both such fine and imprisonment,
at the discretion of the court: Provided, That for any second and additional
offenses, both fine and imprisonment shall always be imposed: Provided, That in
case the violation is committed by a juridical person, its President or Chief
Executive Officer thereof shall be liable.

References:

https://www.google.com/search?q=FALG+CODE+REFERENCES&oq=FALG+CODE+R
EFERENCES& aqs=chrome..69i57.17310j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk00Ot3dgz8mwrQaqli8dVfiuSm_apA%3A1604
7078 97972&ei