20243 -REKFDS SBF -AMC10-1891-OMO-7 2024/08/24 10:30-12:30 4.27 Find the smallest four-digit number that is divisible by each ofthe four smallest prime numbers. sion bas ay. (Gin (SE1) S30. bes. 2iexS=[0S> 4.29 List all of the positive common divisors of 162 and 540. 1h2 =3% 2x20 ere 3% cd (its) = 2x32 = SY yoxtox bx f =27x3'es d =e 1esy 2*27 3x48 6x9 435 The GCD of n and 216 is 24 and their LCM is 864. Find n. A(n, = Ack (m, 2b) = 24 nerih = Ged lim =2bea6y ub) = 36! lem Cn, ab) " : i ai ne Meet =f 53.2 How many of the positive divisors of 2160 are multiples of 3? abo =| x 6? = 24 (44i)x Bt) x (1-41) G4)x (3) K(i41) =30 V £37 gta) = 1m haps diary 1 pine ds how myst divisors L Ba2xp =(in)x(34) — M=al-b” (2=3e0 ~(Ow)y(x4) mee? el? me abcd M (nm) = (4026) Ge) & x Classin > 1sa oe eK OR ~9 539 Letnbeanatural number with exactly 2 positive prime divisors. If n? has 27 divisors, how many does m have? . n= oh 5 n> oF pe is 1x2 aa2"-3F @bin) (aban) = 27 st 2Ritl=3 > bial 1 abatl=— 9 bey n=a-b (UG) = (4) KY) oye, v Example 20. When the three-digit number Sa2 is added to the number 247, the resulting number is a three-digit number 859. Find a + b if 869 is divisible by 9. Sar 201 a+t~-lo =b Tes) J a~b=b 3 bf (8 +b49) = 9k b> 1 Example 21. Six-digit number 814693 is a multiple of 99) Find the digits a and b. 4: Bel +orb+P+3 = IRD a+b = 3h Otb=6oris Otb= boris mye 4-3. bee ih (Staxf)— (+63) =(/-m x M+a-¥-b =lln O-b +13 =11m, O-b+2= Im O-b=IIm-2 = mio Classin > 2DEM = 2b M= 9/ -2 Q+=-2- GA=b-2 Faas r=81b ae Lecture 7 Modular Arithmetic (#8!) H-=2 Dw 7 =3x24D T= 1 (med 2) aamese iT = 3 (md7) 1.1 Definitions If a-bis divisible by m and_m=2,the following equation is true: a= (modm) ("ais congruent to 6 modulo m") = Congraact (138) abebimaistcob aS bARMABELRHY [= 3 (md7) i=l (47) > _Linear congruence equation is a congruence that involves a variance raised only to the first power BBR [Problem 14.1: Solve each of the ay linear congruences, g (mad 4) —5(d) vl G44) O) 0 (mod 4) (@ x42 0 (mod 4) Pr © x-1 = 0 (modd) () x43 = 0 (mod 4) “A (2) X-3=0 (md 4) X-3=4h. Ree K> eR+B > A+BZ0 (nd ¢) x t$=¢h Aaeh-d Cove 2 Cod ©) tame arena. aan Classin > 3§ X23 (wd 4) — ams (Ora, 830) (mal) Raa Gtat—Ha, It) x= hl = 4h) +4) = QED =Q (mdr) X= (9). (nd n) v xt] sup > 4n-l =o (mds) 2 G@esk. 4n= shel bom) n= te ba hee Be.. yee: ne Era p> ib + +0 bey al-- 1, erett ome] ? bes 26 -- 2 beT (linear congruence F#M) ASSTAEAMRER—TRBAAN, MOEA Ia cetain numbers vided by 23.4205, the remainders in cach ase. What is the east number ht satisfies these conltons? ws @0 (OD Om ww NEL (md 2) 3 (n-1)=0 (Lr) Rel (de) (ra) 3 tn) = R lom(Z 34,5) NE| (med @) (n-!) % net (mds) (nay) (4) = bok n=oke. Rei n=el What is the smallest whole number such that itis divided by 2,3 and the remainders will be 1.2 and 3, respectively? PIAS i@ARB 2 D) (B31 (CID (E10 & nN Classin > 4M2 B31 2 (B10 = Grek lom(25,u) Ne r—a-| (wds) - Nez~e-| de) =e Ad enk n=nk-t eg. (neal=-¢ (wd s) te 32-4 (md 7) Ns 2e-F (du) Gasst rahe of A n+¢= Tk n= ase-¥ bet. nsal.~ bee bey ne ED Pre ARENA ORNED, ATOM ORRR, RUAN Ta rrORRR eg. cnetla-2 (mod 1>) Ne &=-2, (md 1) Fad bast value fn Now =to] n= 66. x nels-4, (md $) nvuegik onthe ka x les R=3 fe2Ti ene ee gee, = (md 5 “eophee wndina deat © 1 a=b(eodm), c=d(modm), thenade=b-d (mod m). @ es8inoimy edn), ten Bae ssied (esl) = ac=bd (mod m) a= bn (modm), where mis integer Bebe (mds) dB 0d m) tenn loa Ih (mds) Classin > 5[DO = [ob (md s) = d=B (modm) DRAMAFER, BAMA. i. TR. RA. BRIE What is the last digit of 9! (a1)' = 92 (adie) Tats 4 =(to-) (10-12 9 (me 10) fecu™2 I> (do) (1) = _— (kta) Find the last digit of 9". qP=(e-)P aC = 17 (md) 2)” =(@-)” Example 6: When two different numbers are divided by 7, remainders of 2 and 3, respectively, are left. What is the remainder when the sum of these two numbers is divided by 7? Q=2 (mad 7) b=3 G7) a= Tk+2 beTrt3. » atb =T(k+r) +5 Example 9: (AMC) For each integer N> 1, there is a mathematical system in which two or more integers are defined to be congruent if they leave the same non-negative remainder when divided by Nf 69, 90, and 125 are congruent in one such system, then Js that ens epson, 81 i congruent oO OF OS O7 ws 6J= forms (mod n) 4 -6f zo (ned) m5-foz 0 ee Bl= Cv) (dg) ” n=) lf asb (mdr) > a-beO (md n) 1.3 Pattern and Exploration Problem 12:19 Find the remainder when 5° i divided by 7. j Solution for Problem 12.19: We begin by finding the modulo 7 residues of some smaller powers of 5 as : (1-2) = s*° (nd 7) say ‘i There are only 6 nonzero modulo 7 residues. Eventual. one Classin > 65 a 3 a “ " © ie ‘There are only 6 nonzero modulo 7 residues. Eventually, one = ‘of them repeats. The product of5 times any specific modulo 7 residue never changes. So, when one residue repeats, all subse- quent residues sepeyt as wel, forming a pattern. ‘Pgs if A “oe @2)* = (Goes) 2.25 (Hh 7) 4 ee (wd) Bb (wt) ber ad b¥e | [Problem 12.20: Find the remainder when 4! - 19" is divided by 9. J 48% = 4 (md 7) +” <3 @)ecaphyeantyt OL 9) FP (esi Ged) 2. Fermat’s theorem and Euler’s theorem a ( 2.1 Fermat's theorem Given a prime p and a not divisible by p, then a”' = 1 (mod p). (a.p3) pT aes) 21 Ged) so =I (med 2) lets ae tcuclad Go 7 aay Pisdividedby7) 55 (56) 6 sas (uy) 20S =6%33% +| eg. Ts (red. u) Classin > 7eg. 72 edu) TP =| (elt) 2 p> a(py 17 (met 1) = (-4)* ersh | (mel w) asytd 22 (411) “PRNVERRIMIE: RRR, MRMAA, ERR 2.2Euler’s theorem = (FHERGMRANHM, LAA NKABREM) Let (a, n) = 1 (a and m relatively prime): d&=1 (mod n) (n) is the number of positive integers not exceeding n and relative prime to n. If n= pf: p! + pi isthe factorization of n into distinct primes, then 9= (PE PEN eE = PEPE =P) Plo) Euler's detract flachor a a ee boy = (pe pi) -¢ph-pit) . -- pt-pt) eg. n=w=2ss gen) ~@2-2') x(5'-s) =(W-2) x (Sa)= 2ep-¥ uoa-4 4 a) y $e). fo-T qa! eta ae) (md n) eg mts (amd 32) g2= 2 Po 2% = (6 > 52] (Ad 2) I26 ih )2¥ 20g = Ibxnb TB a a Toe 1a hed neo aon! 2 she Classin > 8——_ yoy isi es) “137 2 6? (nd 20) us)* 2 (phe) (mel 32) nas 32.4 ages: a,p aR, P% Fie or imme: ain BI, na @ofade. af a1 (wd 0) $ny= (ph ph) = (Pa pbs) | LEPINE BEE: HATA BRT ORL Today is Sunday. What day is 10' days from today? ny 4 @) 57-7" 26 Ws fo%et mt), CJo®): fo = [oF (mel 2) o ~ @ = 3t Sindy se 3* (md 2) = ale 4 (4) 3. Special numbers and digits 3.1 Pactorials vs primes Problem 64: Find the largest prime of eau) 5l+6'=s!+6 st = sl (+h) = 7-3! Find the largest prime divisorof 30 | +32 ! 32 30! +32! =30!(1 +5031) 31 23 EB . 36" 672 NABER, SAMprime factorBRRtin/ ARATE 3.2 Palindromes (==) ADCbo. —MFORERS, SBMA, mA (thetepalindrome e@-4 ul. Ss & si (YY -.- Classin > 9Sfp ln Ee 7B y als WL, « Ta ‘eon (©) How many two-digit palindromes are prime? ), n, ---- t aba asin > fe b= o~f Problem 611: The prodiict of two poaltive three-digit palindromes ls 436995, What Is thelr sum? (Gource: MATHCOUNTS) Sad Ib! 436995 = 3'. 5! 13! 8a! oe ybs obs Bos = 3% 5 -D-8h ab? . * IS Sb 9 Px . ates! = 249 AF stag! = 415 3.43! = 747 is Classin. - 10