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LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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Semester : 3
Project Proposal
Subject Name
Object Oriented Programming Language
Submitted By
Alisha Rafique BSCE-70139513
Bushra Noreen BSCE-70138472

Supervised By
ENGR. Tayyab Attique
Department of Computer Engineering
The University of Lahore
May 2022
Introduction
In an age of rapid change in many businesses, library management is no exception. Libraries are treasure trove
s of information filled with books, manuals and other resources. To be effective and improve library operations
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, a library management system (LMS) is an important tool.

A library management system is a software application designed to run and support the daily operations of a li
brary. It plays an important role in the daily work of libraries, making them more efficient, effective and efficie
nt. With the advent of technology, libraries have moved away from traditional catalogs to integrated, circulati
on, user management, etc. transformed into digital systems.
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This project aims to create a powerful and efficient library management system to solve the problems faced by
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libraries in the digital age. The system will provide librarians and users with a better experience in searching an
d accessing resources, managing library information, and tracking user interactions. It will provide real-time inf
ormation on book availability, booking, deadlines and management, thereby improving the overall library expe
rience for staff and users.
This project represents an important step in improving library management and adapting it to the digital age.
The system aims to improve the overall library experience for staff and users by making libraries more efficient
and accessible. In this article, we will take a closer look at the system's architecture, functionality, developmen
t, and impact on libraries and users..

Table of Contents
1. Problem Statement
2. Aims and Objectives
3. Literature Review
4. Methodology and Block Diagram
5. Utilization of Results
6. Estimated Budget
7. References
1. Problem Statement:
Libraries have always been important institutions in terms of storing and disseminating information throughou
t history. However, as library work progresses in the digital age and expectations from users continue to chang
e, some significant problems and challenges have emerged. These problems require the development of a mo
dern library (LMS) to solve the following problems:

[Link] to catalog and retrieve: Manual cataloging is often time-consuming and error-prone; This makes it
difficult for users to search and find information in the library. This leads to poor user experience and frustrate
d customers.
[Link] Resource Management: Managing multiple books, magazines, and digital resources requires careful tr
acking and monitoring. Existing systems can cause problems such as loss of items, becoming outdated, and di
fficulty tracking the availability and status of resources.

[Link] Access and Participation: In the digital age, users want to access library materials through their own de

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vices. The lack of user-friendly and accessible online catalog and account management hinders customer enga
gement and satisfaction.

[Link] process: The normal check-in and check-out process takes time for both patrons and library staff. T
his often results in long queues, customer service delays and increased administrative workload.
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[Link] and data privacy: Protection of library data, especially library data and historical data, is an importa
nt issue. Existing systems may not have security measures to protect sensitive data.

[Link] and Integration Challenges: Many libraries find it difficult to expand their operations and integrat
e new technologies due to the limitations of their existing systems. This includes adapting to changing needs a
nd technological advances.

Today's library management systems are designed to provide integrated, user-focused and efficient solutions.
The system will facilitate library work, improve resource accessibility, improve reading participation and facilit
ate information decision-making. By doing this it will ensure that the library continues to be fit and relevant fo
r the digital age.

2. Aims and Objectives

People usually prefer to play games in their spare time, so this game is
essentially designed for them. In addition, there are some people who
suffer from stress and anxiety. They can also play this game in order to
reduce their stress and anxiety levels. The objective of the game is to
make a sequence of marker either horizontal, vertical or diagonal to win
the game level.
3. Literature review
[1]Transactions on Latest Trends in Artificial Intelligence, 2022 Mahesh
Tunguturi
Tic-Tac-Toe is one of the paper games. This game requires two players in
a 3x3 grid, Player 1 acting as "O" and Player 2 as "X," or vice versa. The
objective of this game is to take place of three connecting grids in a
horizontal, vertical, or diagonal way/fork. This game was first introduced
in ancient times, yet, there is no evidence of who invented it and in which
year. Some people think this game was invented in Ancient Egypt, and
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then the Roman Empire called this game “Terni Lapilli”. The grid drawing
for the game had been found chalked all over the ancient city’s ruins.[1]
[1][Link]
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[2]The winning strategy of Tic-Tac-Toe Game model by using Theoretical
Computer Science, July 2017
The tic-tac-toe game is played by two players on a three-by-three grid,
with special icon (X or 0) indicating that the slots are covered by the
respective player. The winner of the game is the player who cover the
horizontal, vertical or diagonal slots first.[2]
[2][Link]

[3] Flexible strategy use in young children's tic-tac-toe

K Crowley, RS Siegler - Cognitive Science, 1993 – Elsevier

In domains with a couple of competing desires, humans face a simple

task: how to make their strategy use flexible enough to cope with
transferring instances without dropping track of their typical goals. this
article examines how young children meet this challenge in one such
domain, tic-tac-toe. Experiment 1 offers a top level view of improvement
inside the place; it shows that children's tic-tac-toe strategies are rule
primarily based and that new policies are delivered one after the other.
Experiment 2 demonstrates that even young children flexibly tailor their
method use to fulfill shifting situations. Experiment 3 suggests that these
variations are done thru a technique of goal-primarily based useful
resource allocation, whereby youngsters consciousness their cognitive
sources on making use of rules maximum constant with their
contemporary primary goal. A laptop simulation specifies how this
system works and demonstrates its sufficiency for generating behavior
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much like that of the youngsters. The findings are mentioned as part of a
broader framework of mechanisms for generating trouble-solving
strategies.[3]
Page | [3][Link]
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036402139390003Q

[4]Tic-Tac-Toe Learning Using Artificial Neural Networks

Abu Dalffa, Mohaned; Abu-Nasser, Bassem S.; Abu-Naser, Samy S.

A trained Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used in this study to play
tic-tac-toe boredom games, by using a mathematical combination of the
sequences that the system could play, as well as the Gradient Descent
Algorithm explicitly and Elimination theory implicitly, to train the ANN to
play the logic of tic-tac-toe. Therefore, the system should be able to
create immediate amalgamations to solve every state within the game
course in order to improve results.[4]
[4][Link]

4. Methodology and Block diagram

The methodology of the game is very simple. The players will play the
game using strategies in which he or she will make different moves and
complete the levels by making markers on the slots assigned to each
player. The game will then announce the player who will mark the
markers in either horizontal, vertical or diagonal sequence first.

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Figure 2: A Block Diagram

5. Utilization of Results
The game can be played on mobile phones and is designed for :
 Entertainment
 Knowledge
 Brainstorming
6. Budget
The cost on the project is zero because it is being made on visual studio.
7. References
 S. Karamchandani, P. Gandhi, O. Pawar and S. Pawaskar, "A simple
algorithm for designing an artificial intelligence based Tic Tac Toe
game," 2015 International Conference on Pervasive Computing
(ICPC), Pune, India, 2015, pp. 1-4, doi:
10.1109/PERVASIVE.2015.7087182.
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 S. Parekh and S. Prabhu, "Tic-Tac-Toe game with a new aspect,"

Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Reliability, Infocom
Technologies and Optimization, Noida, India, 2014, pp. 1-4, doi:
Page | 10.1109/ICRITO.2014.7014696.
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 M. S. K. Inan, R. Hasan and T. T. Prama, "An Integrated Expert
System with a Supervised Machine Learning based Probabilistic
Approach to Play Tic-Tac-Toe," 2021 IEEE 12th Annual Ubiquitous
Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference
(UEMCON), New York, NY, USA, 2021, pp. 0116-0120, doi:
10.1109/UEMCON53757.2021.9666728.
 S. S. T. Gontumukkala, Y. S. V. Godavarthi, B. R. R. T. Gonugunta and
S. M., "Implementation of Tic Tac Toe Game using Multi-Tape Turing
Machine," 2022 International Conference on Computational
Intelligence and Sustainable Engineering Solutions (CISES), Greater
Noida, India, 2022, pp. 381-386, doi:
10.1109/CISES54857.2022.9844404.
 A. Singh, K. Deep and A. Nagar, "A "Never-Loose" Strategy to Play
the Game of Tic-Tac-Toe," 2014 International Conference on Soft
Computing and Machine Intelligence, New Delhi, India, 2014, pp. 1-
5, doi: 10.1109/ISCMI.2014.13.
 S. Garg and D. Songara, "The winner decision model of tic tac toe
game by using multi-tape turning machine," 2016 International
Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and
Informatics (ICACCI), Jaipur, India, 2016, pp. 573-579, doi:
10.1109/ICACCI.2016.7732107.
 T. Wu and C. Yu, "Tic-tac-toe prediction based on machine learning
methods," 2022 5th International Conference on Advanced
Electronic Materials, Computers and Software Engineering
(AEMCSE), Wuhan, China, 2022, pp. 397-402, doi:
10.1109/AEMCSE55572.2022.00085.
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 S. Karamchandani, P. Gandhi, O. Pawar and S. Pawaskar, "A simple

algorithm for designing an artificial intelligence based Tic Tac Toe
game," 2015 International Conference on Pervasive Computing
Page | (ICPC), Pune, India, 2015, pp. 1-4, doi:
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10.1109/PERVASIVE.2015.7087182.

Objective :
Implement a Tic Tac Toe game using C++ to provide an interactive gaming
experience for two players
Requirements :
1. The game should be played on a 3x3 grid.
2. Players should take turns making moves.
3. The program should display the game board after each move.
4. The program should check for a winning condition after each move.
5. The game should end when a player wins or when all cells on the
board are filled.
6. The program should validate player moves and prevent invalid
moves.
7. The program should handle input errors gracefully.
8. Provide an option to start a new game after the current game ends.
Implementation Guidelines:
1. Use a 2D array to represent the game board.

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2. Create functions to handle different aspects of the game, such as

displaying the board, making moves, checking for a win, and checking for
a tie.
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turns and checking for a win or a tie condition.
4. Implement proper input validation to ensure valid moves from the
players.
5. Follow best coding practices, including proper indentation, naming
conventions, and code structure.
Delivrables:
1. C++ source code file(s) implementing the Tic Tac Toe game.
2. A brief write-up documenting any additional features or
improvements made.

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Submission Guidelines:
1. Submit the C++ source code file(s) along with any necessary
instructions or compilation details.
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2. Include the brief write-up (if any) as a separate file.

Evaluation Criteria
Page | 1. Correct implementation of game logic.
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2. Adherence to the specified requirements.
3. Code structure and organization.
4. Readability and use of proper coding conventions.
5. Handling of edge cases and error conditions.
Working of game:

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