Python Programs

1) Consider a dictionary which contains CustomerName and Amount as key value pairs
for n number of customers. Write a menu driven program to push, pop and exit with
separate user defined functions to perform the following operations:
● Push the keys (name of the Customer) of the dictionary into a stack, where the
corresponding value (Amount) is less than or equal to 20000.
● Pop out the element and display that element. Also, display the number of elements
present in the stack after deleting this element.
2) Consider a dictionary which contains ProductName and Quantity as key value pairs for
n number of Products. Write a menu driven program to push, pop and exit with separate
user defined functions to perform the following operations:
● Push the keys (name of the Product) of the dictionary into a stack, where the
corresponding value (Quantity) is greater than or equal to 10.
● Pop out the element and display that element. Also, display the number of elements
present in the stack after deleting this element.
3) Consider a dictionary taking input of custname, id and Balance for n number of
customers. Write a menu driven program to push, pop and exit with separate user
defined functions to perform the following operations
 Store each dictionary element to stack if the balance is above 2500.
 Pop and display the element. Also, display the number of elements present
in the stack after deleting this element.
4) Create a menu driven program to -
 Create a textfile
 Display all the file contents converting its case to upper.
 Count and display number of occurrences of the word “has” and “had” present
in the file. (Ignoring the case)
5) Create a menu driven program to -
 Create a textfile
 Display all the file contents converting its case to Title case.
 Count and display number of occurrences of the letter “K” and “p” present in the
file. (Ignoring the case)
6) Write a menu driven program to push, pop and exit with separate user defined
functions to perform the following operations
 Input a list of n numbers. Store only the even numbers to stack.
 Pop and display the element. Also, display the number of elements present
in the stack after deleting this element.
7) Write a menu driven program to push, pop and exit with separate user defined
functions to perform the following operations
 Input a string. Store it to stack only if it has a minimum of three characters.
 Pop and display the element. Also, display the number of elements present
in the stack after deleting this element.
8) Create a menu driven program to -
 Create a textfile
  Count and display the number of uppercase alphabets, lowercase alphabets and
digits present in the file
9) Create a menu driven program to -
 Create a csvfile to store name and Phone number taking input from the user.
 Search the phone number for existing username stored in the file
10) Write a menu driven program to-
 Create a textfile of user’s choice taking filename input from user and store data
about Python in it.
 Copy the contents from one file to another changing its case
11) Create a menu driven program to -
 Create a csvfile to store SupplierName and City taking input from the user.
 Search the SupplierName for accepted city
SQL
1) Consider the following tables :
Table: ITEM
ID ITEMNAME MANUFACTURER MFGDATE PRICE
PC01 Personal Computer ABC 11-JAN-2016 35000
LC01 Laptop ABC 19-DEC-2016 55000
PC02 Personal Computer ABCQ 15-FEB-2017 32000
PC03 Personal Computer COMP 21-JAN-2017 37000
LC02 Laptop PQR 10-JAN-2018 57000
Table: CUSTOMER
CID CNAME CITY ID
01 N Roy Delhi LC02
02 H Singh Mumbai PC02
03 R Pandey Delhi PC03
04 C Sharma Delhi LC02
05 Abhijith Bangalore PC01
Write the SQL command and its output for the following questions using the tables defined
above:
i) To display the details of all customers in descending order of CITY.
ii) To display ITEMNAME and MANUFACTURER of those items, whose ID is either
PC01 or LC02.
iii) To display all the contents of ITEM table displaying those records where MFGDATE
is between 29-JAN-2016 and 10-FEB-2017.
iv) To display CITYwise count of Customers.
v) To display all the contents from CUSTOMER table along with ITEMNAME of ITEM
table whose MANUFACTURER name contains the letter ‘C’
2) Consider the following tables :
Table: GARMENT
GCODE DESCRIPTION PRICE FCODE READYDATE
10001 Slacks 1250 F001 12-JAN-2008
10020 Frock 750 F004 09-SEP-2007
10012 Informal Shirt 1450 F002 06-JUN-2008
10019 Tulip Skirt 850 F003 06-JUN-2008
10090 Formal Pant 850 F002 31-MAR-2007
Table: FABRIC
 FCODE TYPE
F001 Polyster
F002 Cotton
F003 Silk
F004 Terelene
Write the SQL command and its output for the following questions using the tables defined
above:
a) To display GCODE and DESCRIPTION of each Garment in descending order of GCODE.
b) To display the details of all the Garments which have READYDATE in between 05-DEC-
2007 and 20-JUN-2008.
c) To display FCODE of each Garment along with highest and lowest PRICE of Garments
from GARMENT table.
d) To modify the PRICE to 1000 where GCODE is 10090 in GARMENT table.
e) To display FCODE, Fabric TYPE and PRICE from the above two tables where PRICE is
1000 and more.
3) Consider the following tables :
Table: DOCTOR
DID DNAME DEPT EXPERIENCE JOINDATE
1 Smitha ENT 16 31-MAR-2016
2 Lara SKIN 20 01-JAN-2016
3 Johnson MEDICINE 14 14-FEB-2016
4 Sarah ENT 22 01-JAN-2015
5 Preetham SKIN 5 19-MAR-2015
Table: PATIENT
DID PNAME AMOUNT
1 John 1000
2 Radha 2500
1 Seema 1700
2 Ronny 2900
3 Shwetha 5000
1 Saad 4600
Write the SQL command and its output for the following questions using the tables defined
above:
a) To display the details of all the Doctors from DOCTOR table in ascending order of DEPT.
b) To display DNAME and EXPERIENCE from DOCTOR table where JOINDATE is in
between 10-MAR-2015 and 10-MAR-2016.
c) To display DEPTwise minimum EXPERIENCE from DOCTOR table.
d) To delete the record from DOCTOR table where EXPERIENCE is below 10.
e) To display DID, DNAME and AMOUNT from the above two tables where AMOUNT is
3000 and below.
f) Increase the amount by 5% where DID is 1.
4) Consider the following tables :
Table: EMPLOYEE
EMPID EMPNAME JOINBASIC DESIGNATION JOINDATE
101 Supriya 4500 Cashier 31-MAR-2016
102 Sumeet 3500 Accountant 01-JAN-2016
103 Maya 5000 Clerk 14-FEB-2016
 104 Mohan 8000 Clerk 01-JAN-2015
105 Sumayya 10000 Manager 19-MAR-2015
Table: SALARY
EMPID SALARYADVANCE
101 1000
103 2000
101 1500
102 1000
102 900
Write the SQL command and its output for the following questions using the tables defined
above:
a) To display the details of all the Employees from EMPLOYEE table in descending order of
JOINBASIC.
b) To display EMPNAME and JOINBASIC from EMPLOYEE table where JOINDATE is in
between 10-MAR-2015 and 10-MAR-2016.
c) To display sum of SALARYADVANCE paid for each EMPID from SALARY table.
d) To add a new field named HRA of numeric type in SALARY table.
e) To display EMPID, EMPNAME and SALARYADVANCE from the above two tables
whose JOINBASIC is above 4000.
f) To increase the Joinbasic by 5% for empid 101.
Ref - https://www.tutorialaicsip.com/cs-xii-pra/computer-science-class-12-viva-voce/
Important Viva Questions for projects -
 Tell me about your project.
 Which concepts you have used for your project?
 What are the software and minimum hardware required for your project?
 How were you attracted to this project?
 Tell about the existing system.
 What is your proposed system to overcome the problems faced in the existing system?
 What is the future scope of your project?
 What are the limitations of your project?
 Which books/ study material websites you have used while making this project?
 What are your learnings from this project?
 Which skills you have acquired/enhanced by doing this project?
 Which communication skills you have improved while doing this project in the group?
Ref - https://www.tutorialaicsip.com/cs-xii-pra/computer-science-class-12-viva-voce/
Important questions with answers for Viva voce
Let’s start the viva voce questions on the topic of working with functions. Here we go!
1. Which language translator is used by python?
o Interpreter
2. What are the built-in types available in python?
 o Numbers, Strings, Lists, Tuples, Dictionaries
3. How python interpreter interprets the code?
o Python interpreter interprets the code line by line.
4. Name a few mutable data types of python.
o Lists, Sets, and Dictionaries
5. Name a few immutable data types of python.
o Strings, Tuples, Numeric
6. What is the significance of a pass statement in python?
o pass is no operation python statement. This is used where python requires
syntax but logic requires no actions.
7. What is slicing in python?
o Python slicing is a statement of python that extracts a list of elements from the
given sequence in the range of start and stop values with step value intervals.
8. What are comments in python?
o Python comments are nonexecutable text written in the python program to give
a description for a statement or group of statements.
9. How to print list l in reverse order in a single line statement?
o print(l[::-1])
10. Python string can be converted into integer or float?
o If the string contains only numbers it can be converted into an integer or float
using int() and float() functions.
11. What is the difference between / and //?
o / is used for division, // is used for floor division
o / returns float as answer whereas // returns integer as answer
o / gives you the number with decimal places whereas // gives you only integer
part
12. How to check the variables stored in same object in python?
o The id() function returns the memory address of python object.
13. What are the parameters of print() function? Explain.
o The print function has three parameters:
 message – Contains the message to be printed
 sep – It is onptional parameter used to print a separator
 end – It prints the endline character
14. What is the significance of ‘else’ in loops in python?
 o Else block is written in pyton progrm when loop is not satisfying the condition.
It gets executed when the while loop’s condition is false where as in for loop it
executes when for loop ends normally.
15. Divya is learning python. She wants to know the version of python using python
programming statements. Please help her to accomplish her task.
o >>> import sys
o >>> sys.version
16. How to remove the last element from a list?
o To remove the last element from a list following ways can be used:
 l.pop()
 del l[-1]
17. What is the difference between append() and extend() methods?
o append() is used to add an element to the list to the last.
o extend() is used to add multiple elements to the list.
18. Consider the statement: L = [11,22,33,[45,67]], what will be the output of L[-2+1}?
o [45.67]
19. What is tuple unpacking?
o Tuple unpacking refers to extracting tuple values into a separate variable.
20. What are the two ways to insert an element into dictionary?
o Method 1 – Modifying a dictionary with fresh key and value ex.
d={1:’A’,2:’B’}; d[3]=’C’
o Method 2 – With a function setdefault ex. d={1:’A’,2:’B’};d.setdefault(3,’C’)
21. Samira wants to remove an element by value. Suggest her a function name to
accomplish her task.
o l.remove(value)
22. How to remove all elements of a list?
o There are two ways to remove all elements of list
 Using clear – l.clear()
 Using del – del l
23. How del is different from clear?
o del removes entire list object where clear() just removes elements and makes
list empty
24. What is a function?
o A function is a subprogram and a smaller unit of a python program consists of
a set of instructions and returns a value.
25. Does every python program must return a value?
o No, not every python program returns a value.
26. What are the parts of a function?
o A python function has the following parts:
 Function header – Starts with def keyword followed by function name
and parameters
 Function body – Block of statements/instructions that define the action
performed by the function, indentation must be followed
 Function caller statement – writing function name including
parameter values
27. What are the needs of function in the python program?
o Easy program handling
o Reduce the size of the program
o Reduce the repeated statements
o Ambiguity can be reduced
o Make program more readable and understandable
28. How to call your function through python interactive mode?
o Save a program if not saved and click on Run > Run Module or press the F5
button from the python script mode
o Now interactive mode will appear with the message RESTART ……
o Write a function call statement with function name and list of parameter values
in the brackets
o A function call statement is just like a function name with required parameters
o Press enter and supply input as per requirements
29. What are void functions? Explain with example?
o The void functions are those functions that do not return any value.
o Python function which does not contain any return statement and having a
bunch of different print statements are called void functions.
o Python supports a special object “nothing” or None datatype.
30. Observe the following lines of code and identify function definition or function
caller statement:
o myfun(“TutorialAICSIP”,2020) – function caller with positional arguments
o myfun(name=”TutorialAICSIP”,year=2020) – function caller with default
arguments
o def myfun(name, year=2020) – function definition with default argument
 o myfun(name=”TutorialAICSIP”,year) – function caller but reaise an error
31. What are the physical line and logical line structure in python program?
o The physical lines in python programs contain EOL (End Of Line) character at
the point of termination of lines
o The logical lines in python programs contain white spaces or tab or comment
at the point of termination of lines
32. What is indentation? Explain its importance in two lines.
o Indentation refers to white spaces added before each line of the code.
o In python, it detects the block of code.
o It also makes the program more readable and presentable.
o It organizes the code of blocks in a good manner.
33. What is a top-level statement in python?
o The python unindented statements in python programs are considered as a top-
level-statement.
o _main_ is also a python top-level statement
34. What are the comments? Explain the role of comments in the python programs?
o Comments are non-executable parts of python programs.
o You can write a comment for the description or information related to
statements, basic details of programs etc.
o There are two types of comments:
 Single-Line: These comments written for explaining single line
comments, begins with #
 Multi-Line: These comments written for explaining multi-line
comments, begins and ends with ”’ triple quotes
35. Does python program functions contain multiple return statements and return
multiple values?
o Yes, python program functions can have multiple return statements.
o To return multiple values you can write values with return keyword separated
by comma
36. What do you mean by fruitful and non-fruitful functions in python?
o The functions which return values are called fruitful functions.
o The function not returning values are called non-fruitful functions.
37. Which three types of functions supported by python?
o Python supports the following three types of functions:
 Built-in Functions
  Functions defined in modules
 User-defined functions
38. What are parameters and arguments in python programs?
o Parameters are the values provided at the time of function definition. For Ex.
p,r and n.
o Arguments are the values passed while calling a function. For Ex. princ_amt,
r, n in main().
39. Which types of arguments supported by Python?
o Python supports three argument types:
 Positional Arguments: Arguments passed to a function in correct
positional order, no. of arguments must match with no. of parameters
required.
 Default Arguments: Assign default to value to a certain parameter, it
is used when the user knows the value of the parameter, default values
are specified in the function header. It is optional in the function call
statement. If not provided in the function call statement then the default
value is considered. Default arguments must be provided from right
to left.
 Key Word Arguments: Keyword arguments are the named arguments
with assigned values being passed in function call statement, the user
can combine any type of argument.
 Variable Length Arguments: It allows the user to pass as many
arguments as required in the program. Variable-length arguments are
defined with * symbol.
40. What are the rules you should follow while combining different types of
arguments?
o An argument list must contain positional arguments followed by any keyword
argument.
o Keyword arguments should be taken from the required arguments preferably.
o The value of the argument can’t be specified more than once.
41. What do you mean by python variable scope?
o The python variable scope refers to the access location of the variable defined
in the program.
o A python program structure has different locations to declare and access the
variable.
 o There are two scopes of variables in python:
 Local Scope
 Global Scope
42. What is the local and global scope variable?
o The variable which is declared inside a function and can be accessible inside a
function is known as local variable scope.
o The variable declared in top-level statements of the python program is called a
global variable scope, it is accessible anywhere in the program.
43. What is the full form of LEGB? Explain in detail.
o LEGB stands for Local-Enclosing-Global-Buil-in.
o Python checks the order of variable in a program by the LEGB rule.
o First, it checks for the local variable, if the variable not found in local then it
looks in enclosing then global then built-in environment.
44. What are mutable and immutable arguments/parametersin a function call?
o Mutable arguments/parameters values changed over the access of value and
variable at runtime.
o Immutable arguments/parameters whose values cannot be changed. They
allocate new memory whenever the value is changed.
45. What are modules in python?
o A large program is divided into modules.
o A module is a set of small coding instructions written in a programming
language.
o These modules create a library.
o A python module is a .py that contains statements, classes, objects, functions,
and variables.
o That allows reusing them anytime by importing the module.
o The structure of the python module plays an important role in python library
functions.
46. Name few commonly used libraries in python.
o Standard library
o Numpy Library
o Matplotlib
o SciPy
47. What do you mean docstrings in python?
o Docstrings is the triple quoted text of the python program.
 o It provides comments related to the authors of the program, details about
functions, modules, classes.
o The docstrings contents written in the module can be accessed through help().
48. Is there any difference between docstrings and comments?
o The docstrings and comments ignored by the python interpreter in execution.
o But the docstring provides the information about modules, functions or classes
which can be accessed by help() function.
49. What is the use of dir() function?
o The dir() function is used to display defined symbols in the module.
50. What are the two ways to import modules?
o You can import modules in python using these two ways:
 import <modulename>
 from <module> import <object>
51. What is a file?
o A file is a stream of bytes stored on secondary storage devices having an
extension.
52. What are the different modes of opening a file?
o The different modes of opening a file are as follows:
 r,w,a,r+,w+,a+,rb,wb,ab,rb+,wb+,ab+
53. If no mode is specified in open() function, which mode will be considered?
o r
54. What is the difference between “w” and “a” mode?
o “a” mode adds the content to the existing file whereas “w” mode overwrites the
contents into the file.
55. What is the difference between readline() and readlines() function?
o readline() function reads the content of the text file and returns the content into
the string whereas readlines() function reads the content of the text file and
returns the content into the list.
56. Parth wants to read only n number of characters from a text file. Suggest him a
function to accomplish his task.
o The read(n) function can be used
57. Nakshatra wants to count no. of words from the text file. Suggest her code to
accomplish a task.
o f=open(“one.txt”)
o w=f.read().split()
 o c=0
o for i in w:
 c+=1
 print(c)
58. What are the two different types of text files?
o Plain text or regular text files
o Delimited text files or separated text files
59. What are full forms of: a) csv b) tsv
o csv – comma separated values
o tsv – tab-separated values
60. Are CSV files and Text Files same?
o CSV files and Text Files are same in storage but csv file stores the data
separated by a delimiter.
61. What are the different valid delimiters?
o , is default delimiter
o other delimiters are tab – \t, colon – :, or semi colon – ;
62. What is pickling?
o Pickling refers to the process of converting python object hierarchy into a byte
stream to write into a binary file.
63. What is unpickling?
o It is the process of converting the byte stream back into an object hierarchy.
64. Which module is required to handle binary files?
o pickle
65. Name the functions used to read and write data into binary files.
o pickle.dump(list_object, file_handle)
o pickle.load(file_object)
66. Which error is reported while reading the file binary file?
o ran out of input
67. How to avoid reading file errors in binary file?
o By using exception handling with try and except blocks
68. What is the significance of tell() and seek() functions?
o tell() function returns the current file position in a file
o seek() function change the current file position
69. What is the default value of offset for seek function?
o 0
70. What is offset in the syntax of seek function?
o Offset refers to the number bytes by which the file object is to be moved.
71. Nimesh is working on a stack. He started deleting elements and removed all the
elements from the stack. Name this situation.
o Stack underflow
72. What are the operations can be performed on the stack?
o Push
o Pop
o Peep or Peek
73. Which principle is followed by stack?
o LIFO (Last in First Out)
74. Name any three applications of stack.
o Call history on mobile
o Browser history
o Undo and redo commands
o CD/DVD tracks
o Books on the tables
75. What is an exception in python?
o An error or unusual condition that occurs in the program that causes abnormal
termination of the program or crash of the python program is called an
exception.
76. What do you mean by debugging?
o The process of finding program errors is called debugging.
77. Tell me the three basic types of errors that occur in Python.
o Syntax Errors
o Logical Errors
o Run-Time Errors
Important questions from Networking chapter
 Topology – Definition, Types, Differences between the types etc
 Differences between or uses of- Bridge, Gateway, Router, Hub, Switch, RJ45,
 Switching techniques – Types and differences(or uses) between the types.
 Protocols – Examples, Differences between some similar protocols (like html/xml,
http/https etc) or uses of some specific protocols. Full form etc
 Network – its types, benefits etc
 Transmission media - types and subtypes, Differences/advantages/drawbacks of
various types of guided/unguided medias
Important questions from SQL
 Terminologies definitions or differences/similarities – Database, cardinality, Degree,
Primary key, foreign key, Alternate key, Field, Tuple, Domain, DDL and DML, Alter
and Update, Drop and Delete, constraints such as Not null, Check, Default, Unique.
 Advantages of database – Data non redundancy, Consistency, Integrity etc
 SQL commands and its types with example
 Predict output for some simple query questions given on spot during Viva