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NOT 10
Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 2
Solving Problems Involving
Permutations

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Mathematics- Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3- Module 2: Solving Problems Involving Permutations
Fifth Edition, 2021

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 10
Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 2
Solving Problems Involving
Permutations

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 Table of Contents

Lesson 1: Page
Solving Problems in Permutations using the
Fundamental Counting Principle – Day 1 1

Overview 1

Objectives 2

Pre-assessment 2

Prior Knowledge 4

Concept Development 8

Activities 8

Assessment 8

Application/ Performance Task 9

Post-assessment

Lesson 2:
Solving Problems in Permutations using the
Permutations Formula – Day 2 11

Pre-assessment 11

Prior Knowledge 12

Presentation of the New Lesson 12

Concept Development 14

Activities 15
Guided/ Controlled Assessment
Independent Practice

Assessment 17

Application/ Performance Task 18

 Page

Post-assessment 18
Guided Assessment
Independent Assessment

Lesson 3:
Distinguishable and Circular Permutations – Day 3 20

Pre-assessment 20

Prior Knowledge 21

Presentation of the New Lesson 21

Concept Development 24

Activities 26
Guided/ Controlled Practice
Independent Practice

Assessment 28

Application/ Performance Task 28

Post-assessment 29
Guided Assessment
Independent Assessment

Generalization/ Synthesis 30

Post-assessment 30

Answer Keys 31

References 33
 Solving Problems in
Permutations using the
Fundamental Counting
Lesson Principle
1
Overview
This lesson is about solving problems involving permutations. This will require
the knowledge and skill of the basic counting technique called the Fundamental
Counting Principle.

Lesson 1 – Solving Problems in Permutations using the Fundamental

Counting Principle

Objectives

1. Define the Fundamental Counting Principle;

2. Solve problems in permutations using the fundamental counting principle; and
3. Solve problems using permutations formula;

Pre-assessment
Find out how much you know about this lesson. Choose the letter that you
think is correct and write your answer on a separate sheet. Take note of the items
that you failed to answer correctly and look for the right answer as you go through
this module.

1. If Gerald has 10 T-shirts, 7 pairs of pants, and 4 pairs of shoes, how many
possibilities can he dress himself up for the day?
A. 280 B. 290 C. 380 D. 390
2. Twelve students compete in a race. In how many ways first three prizes be given?
A. 1 000 B. 1 220 C. 1 320 D. 1 420
3. You have 10 pairs of pants, 6 shirts, and 3 jackets. How many outfits can you
have consisting of a shirt, a pair of pants, and a jacket?
A. 60 B. 120 C. 180 D. 240
4. How many four-digit numbers can be formed from the numbers 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9
if repetition of digits is not allowed?
A. 350 B. 360 C. 370 D. 380
5. From among the 36 teachers in a college, one principal, one vice-principal and the
teacher-in charge are to be appointed. In how many ways this can be done?
A. 41 800 B. 41 840 C. 42 800 D. 42 840

1
 I hope you answered all the items! To check your score! If your score is:

5 You are doing great! You may proceed to the next activity that can be
found in the Activities (Activity 4).
3-4 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next activities/exercises
of this lesson.
1-2 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or parent or friend.
Study the next examples and answer the next activities.

Prior Knowledge
In this lesson, it is relevant to know the basic operation in Mathematics
especially the multiplication and addition. I think you already mastered it when you
were in your elementary level. The lesson is not just multiplying and adding all the
numbers but also comprehending first the problems before performing the
operations

Presentation of the New Lesson

Activity 1: Find Me Interesting!

1. In how many ways can a four-letter word, “CODE” be arranged its letters 3 at a
time?

Solution: Using Reasoning

There are 3 positions to be filled. We write the horizontal marks: __ __ __. On

each horizontal mark, we write the number of choices we have in filling up the said
position. There are 4 choices for the first position and 3 choices left for the second
position.

There are 2 choices left for the third position after filling the first and second
position. Therefore, the three entries on the horizontal marks would be:
4 3 2

We apply the Fundamental Counting Principle and multiply:

Thus, there are 24 possible ways of arranging the 4 letters of CODE taking 3 at
a time. We also say the 4 letters of CODE, taken 3 at a time, have 24 permutations.

2. Twelve students compete in a race. In how many ways first three prizes be given?

Solution: Using Reasoning

The total number of students is 12. All the students will have equal chance to
get 1st prize. The number of ways to get the first prize is 12.

2
 Out of 12 students, only 11 students are eligible to get the second prize.
Because 1 student got the first prize already. The number of ways to get the second
prize is 11.

Out of 12 students, only 10 students are eligible to get the second

prize. Because for the 2 students already got the first and second prize respectively.

Number of ways to get the third prize = 10

Total number of ways = 12 x 11 x 10 = 1320

There are 1 320 number of ways.

3. In how many ways can a president, a treasurer and a secretary be chosen from
among 7 candidates?

Solution: Using Reasoning

For the first position, there are 7 possible choices. After that candidate is
chosen, there are 6 possible choices. Finally, there are 5 possible choices. We apply
the Fundamental Counting Principle and multiply:
7 × 6 × 5 = 210
There are 210 possible ways to choose a president, a treasurer and a
secretary be chosen from among 7 candidates.

To test if you understand the examples above, answer the activity below. You
can do this!

Activity 2: Find Me Out!

Answer each permutation completely: Show your solutions to the other sheets
given.

1. A license plate begins with three letters. If the possible letters are A, B, C, D
and E, how many different permutations of these letters can be made if no
letter is used more than once?
2. In a town fiesta singing competition with 10 contestants, in how many
ways can the organizer arrange the first three singers?

3. In how many ways can 5 motorcycles be parked if there are 7 available

parking spaces?

3
 4. Ten swimmers join a swimming competition. In how many ways can they be
arranged as first, second, and third placers?

Concept Development

Fundamental Counting Principle Defined

Fundamental counting principle states that activity A can be done in ways,

activity B can be done in ways, activity C in ways, and so on, then activities A,
B, C can be done simultaneously in
… ways.

Example 1:

A close friend invited Marie on her birthday party. Marie has 4 new
dresses (sleeveless, stripes, long-sleeved, and with ruffles) and 3 shoes
(black, pink, and blue) in her closet reserved for such occasions.

1. In how many ways can Marie select her outfit if any shoes can be paired with
any dress? List all the possibilities?

Solution:
Dresses- sleeveless, stripes, long-sleeved, with ruffles
Shoes- black, pink, blue
Possible outfits: Possible outfits:
Dress - shoe Dress - shoe
Sleeveless - black long-sleeved- black
Sleeveless - pink long-sleeved- pink
Sleeveless - blue long-sleeved- blue
Stripes - black with ruffles - black

4
 Stripes - pink with ruffles - pink
Stripes - blue with ruffles - blue

2. How many dress and shoe pairs are possible? 12 dress and shoe pairs are
possible.

In this example, you can also use the tree diagram in finding the possible
pairs of dress and shoes. But the number of possible dress- shoes pairs can be
obtained also by using the fundamental counting principle (FCP).

Solution: 4 choices for dress x 3 choices of shoes = 12 possible Pairs

Example 2:

A person wants to buy one fountain pen, one ball pen and one
pencil from a stationery shop. If there are 10 fountain pen varieties, 12 ball pen
varieties and 5 pencil varieties, in how many ways can he select these
articles?

Solution:
A person needs to buy fountain pen, one ball pen and one pencil. That is, we
have to do all the works.

Number of ways selecting fountain pen = 10

Number of ways selecting ball pen = 12
Number of ways selecting pencil = 5

Total number of selecting all these = 10 x 12 x 5 = 600 number of ways.

Therefore, there are 600 number of ways of selecting a fountain pen, ball
pen, and a pencil.

Activities

Activity 3: Guided/ Controlled Practice

Study the different problems with solution below. If there are some items that
you do not understand, do not hesitate to ask assistance from your teacher’s, parent,
and friend.

Example 3: You are choosing a password that has 4 letters followed by 2

digits. How many passwords are possible if letters and digits can be
repeated?

Solution:

5
 There are 26 choices for each letter and 10 choices for each digit. Use the
fundamental counting principle.

Number of passwords =

Thus, the number of different passwords is 45 697 600.

Example 4:

To buy a computer system, a customer can choose one of 4

monitors, one of 2 keyboards, one of 4 computers and one of 3 printers.
Determine the number of possible systems that a customer can choose
from.

Solution:
Using the counting principle used in the introduction above, the number of all
possible computer systems that can be bought is given by:

Therefore, the number of possible systems that a customer can be choose

from is 96.

Example 5: A man has 3 different suits, 4 different shirts and 5 different pairs
of shoes. In how many ways can this man wear a suit, a shirt and a pair of
shoes?

Solution:
The total number N of different ways that this man can wear one of his suits,
one of his shirts and a pair of his shoes is:

Therefore, the total number of different ways that this man can wear one of
his suits, one of his shirts and a pair of his shoes is 60.

Example 5:

Using the digits 1, 2, 3, and 5, how many 4-digit numbers can be formed
if the first digit must be 1 and repetition of the digits is allowed?

Solution:

One (1) choice for the first digit. Four (4) choices for the last 3 digits that form
the 4-digit number since repetition is allowed. Hence the number N of numbers that
we may form is given by:

The total number of numbers that we may form is 64.

6
 The total number of different outcomes is 36.

I think you already understand the practice activity above. To check your
understanding, answer the activity below.

Activity 4: Independent Practice

Answer the following problems solving below. Show your solution to another
sheet.

1. A restaurant offers four sizes of pizza, two types of crust, and eight toppings.
How many possible combinations of pizza with one topping are there?
2. Rod has 4 shirts, 3 pairs of pants, and 2 pairs of shoes that all coordinate.
How many outfits can you put together?
3. You are buying a new car. There are two body style (sedan or hatchback).
There are 5 colors available (black, red, green, blue, and white). And there
are 3 models (GL, SS, and SL). How many totals of choices are there?
4. There are eight finalists in the Miss Philippines contest. How many different
outcomes are possible if one person will be selected First Runner-Up and
another will be Miss Philippines?
5. Ronnie is planning a date with his girlfriend. He plans for them to watch a
movie, go out to dinner, and then attend a sporting event.
6. He is deciding between 5 movies, 8 restaurants, and 2 sporting
events. How many different dates can Ronnie plan?

I hope you answered all the items! To check your score! If your score is:

5 You are doing great! You may proceed to the next activity, the Post-
assessment (Activity 8).
3-4 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
activities/exercises of this lesson.
1-2 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or parent or friend.
Study the next examples and answer the next activities.

Assessment
Activity 5: Accomplish Me!

Answer the following problems solving. Show your solution.

1. If
Zian has 10 T-shirts, 7 pairs of pants, and 4 pairs of shoes, how many
possibilities can he dress himself up for the day?

7
 2. In how many ways can 9 children arrange themselves in a row for a picture
taking?
3. A dress-shop owner has 15 new dresses that she wants to display in the
window if the display window has 5 mannequins, in how many ways can she
dress them up? How many four-digit numbers can be formed from the
numbers 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9 if repetition of digits is not allowed?

4. From among the 36 teachers in a college, one principal, one vice-

principal and the teacher-in charge are to be appointed. In how many ways
this can be done?

Application/ Performance Task

Activity 6: I Can Do It!

Perform the activity as indicated. Show your solution to the other sheets
given.

1. There are four Gators in a holding cell at the jail. They will be asked to
arrange themselves from left to right in a police line-up. How many different
line-ups are possible?
2. Given 7 flags of different colors, how many different signals can be generated
if a signal requires the use of two flags, one below the other?

3. There are 6 people who will sit in a row but out of them Ronnie will always be
left of Annie and Rachel will always be right of Annie. In how many such
arrangement can be done?
4. 10 students have appeared in a test in which the top three will get a prize.
How many possible ways are there to get the prize winners?
5. It is required to seat 5 men and 4 women in a row so that the women occupy the
even places. How many such arrangements are possible?

More Examples:
Study the different problems with solution below. If there are some items that
you do not understand, do not hesitate to ask assistance from your teacher’s, parent,
and friend.

1. Coldstone Creamery has 10 different choices of ice cream, 12 different

choices of toppings, and 3 different sizes of waffle bowls. If Edward wants
to get a waffle bowl, one kind of ice cream, and one topping, how many
different ways can he choose his dessert?

8
Solution: So, the number N of different ways that
There are: Edward chooses his dessert is,
10 = ice cream
12 = toppings different ways.
3 = waffle bowl

2. A school plays a series of 6 soccer matches. For each match there are 3
possibilities: a win, a draw or a loss. How many possible results are there
for the series?

Solution:

Step 1: Determine how many outcomes you have to choose from for each event.
There are 3 outcomes for each match: win, draw or lose.
Step 2: Determine the number of events.
There are 6 matches, therefore the number of events is 6.
Step 3: Determine the possible outcomes.

There are 3 possible outcomes for each of the 6 events. Therefore, the total
number of possible outcomes for the series of matches is:

3. A gift basket is made up from one CD, one book, one box of sweets, one
packet of nuts and one bottle of fruit juice. The person who makes up the
gift basket can choose from five different CD’s, eight different books, three
different boxes of sweets, four kinds of nuts and six flavors of fruit juice.
How many different gift baskets can be produced?

Solution:
5 = CD’s
8 = Books
3 = boxes of sweets
4 = nuts
6 = flavors of fruit juice

possible gifts

Therefore, the number N of different gift basket is 2 880.

I think you already understand the practice activity above. To check your
understanding, answer the activity below.

9
Post Assessment

Answer the following problems solving. Show your solution to the separate
sheet.

1. A movie theatre sells 3 sizes of popcorn (small, medium, and large) with 3
choices of toppings (no butter, butter, extra butter). How many possible ways
can a bag of popcorn be purchased?
2. Maggie is choosing silverware with which to eat dinner. There are 3 knives
and 4 forks to choose from. How many different silverware sets can Maggie
choose?
3. A baseball manager is determining the batting order for the team. The team
has 9 players, but the manager definitely wants the pitcher to bat last. How
many batting orders are possible?
4. In how many different ways can a10-question true-false test be answered if it
is all right to leave questions unanswered?
5. You are taking a survey on your experience at Taco Bell. For the first five
questions you can answer below average, average, or above average for
each question. The last three questions you can respond with either agree or
disagree. How many total outcomes are there for this survey?

Thank you for answering this activity. To check your score! If your score is:

5 You are doing great! You may proceed to lesson 2 after

reviewing the missed items.
3-4 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
activities/exercises of this lesson.
1-2 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or
parent or friend. Study the next examples and answer the next
activities.

Solving Problems
using the
Lesson Permutations Formula
2
Overview
As you go over the discussion and exercises, you will understand and know
how to solve different problems using the permutations formula. This lesson focuses
on
 Lesson 2 – Solving Problems using the Permutations Formula

10
Objective

After going through this lesson, you shall be able to solve problems using the
Permutations Formula.

Pre-assessment
Find out how much you already know about this lesson. Choose the letter that
you think is correct and write your answer on the space provided before each
number on the separate sheet. Take note of the items that you were not able to
answer correctly and look for the right answer as you go through this module.

1. There are 4 czech and 3 slovak books on the bookshelf. Czech books should be
placed on the left side of the bookshelf and slovak books on the right side of the
bookshelf. How many ways are there to arrange the books?
A. 140 B. 142 C. 144 D. 148
2. How many five-digit numbers can be formed from the numbers1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8,
and 9 if repetition of digits is not allowed?
A. 6 000 B. 6 500 C. 6 662 D. 6 720
3. A zip code contains 5 digits. How many different zip codes can be made with the
digits 0–9 if no digit is used more than once and the first digit is not 0?
A. 27 216 B. 27 220 C. 28 216 D. 28 220
4. In how many different ways can 11 people occupy the 11 seats in a back row of a
mini-theater?
A. 38 900 880 B. 38 916 880
C. 39 900 800 D. 39 916 800
5. A doctor wants to assign 5 different tasks to his 5 nurses. In how many possible
ways can he do it?
A. 120 B. 240 C. 360 D. 420

Great job! You are done answering. And now, kindly check your score! If your
score is:

5 You are doing great! You may proceed to the next activity that can
be found in Activities (Activity 13).
3-4 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
activities/exercises of this lesson.
1-2 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or parent or
friend. Study the next examples and answer the different activities.

Prior Knowledge
You were done in lesson 1, and now you are studying lesson 2 of this module.
I know you can simply understand this lesson because in understanding
permutations, you should have the skills and knowledge in the basic counting
principle called the fundamental counting principle that you learned in lesson 1.

11
Concept Development
Can You Show Me the Formula?

1. In how many ways can a four-letter word, CODE be arranged its letters 3 at a
time?

Solution: Using the permutation formula

The problem involves 4-letter word CODE taken 3 at a time.

There are 24 possible ways of arranging the 4-letter word CODE.

2. In how many ways can 4 flower vase wish to arrange 4 of them in a row for
the birthday party?

Solution: Using the permutation formula

The problem involves 4 flower vases wish to arrange 4 of them in a row.

Therefore, there are 24 possible ways.

In this example, we used all the numbers from down to 1.

Another way of writing

is 4! (read as 4 factorial).

Similarly,

12
 For convenience, we define . Thus, in example 2,

3. In how many ways can a president, a treasurer and a secretary be chosen

from among 7 candidates?

Solution: Using permutation formula

The problem involves 7 candidates taken 3 at a time.

There are 210 possible ways to choose a president, a treasurer and a

secretary be chosen from among 7 candidates.

Concept Development
What is Permutation?
A permutation is an arrangement of all or part of a set of objects, with regard
to the order of the arrangement.

Example 1: Suppose we have a set of three letters: A, B, and C. We might ask

how many ways we can arrange 2 letters from that set. Each possible
arrangement would be an example of a permutation. The complete list of
possible permutations would be: AB, AC, BA, BC, CA, and CB.

When they refer to permutations, statisticians use a specific terminology.

They describe permutations as n distinct objects taken r at a time.
Translation: n refers to the number of objects from which the permutation is formed;
and r refers to the number of objects used to form the permutation. Consider the
example from the previous paragraph. The permutation was formed from 3 letters
(A, B, and C), so n = 3; and the permutation consisted of 2 letters, so r = 2.

Computing the number of Permutations

The number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time is

nPr = n(n - 1)(n - 2) ... (n - r + 1) = n! / (n - r)!
or
The Formula

13
Solution: Using permutation formula

The problem involves 3 letters taken 2 at a time.

Thus, there 6 possible arrangements of the set of three letters (A, B, C).

Example 2: How many 3 letter words with or without meaning can be formed
out of the letters of the word SWING when repetition of letters is not allowed?

Solution:
Here n = 5, as the word SWING has 5 letters. Since we have to frame 3 letter
words with or without meaning and without repetition, therefore total permutations
possible are:

Using permutation formula

The problem involves 5 letters taken 3 at a time.

So, there 60 letters that can be formed of the word SWING with or without
meaning.

Example 3: How many different number-plates for cars can be made if each
number-plate contains four of the digits 0 to 9 followed by a letter A to Z,
assuming that no repetition is allowed?

Solution:

There are 10 possible digits (0, 1, 2, . . ., 9) and we need to take them 4 at a

time. There are 26 letters in the alphabet.

With no repetition, we have:

Example 4: How many 3 letter words can we make with the letters on the word,
LOVE?

14
Solution:
There are 4 letters in the word love and making 3 letter words is similar to
arranging these 3 letters and order is important since LOV and VOL are different
words because of the order of the same letters L, O and V. Hence it is a permutation
problem. The number of words given by,

Therefore, there are 24 different ways can we make with the letters on
the word LOVE.

Example 5: How many different ways can the offices of president, vice
president, secretary, treasurer, and auditor be chosen from an organization of
50 members?

Solution:

There are 50 members in an organization, then we choose a president, vice-

president, secretary, treasurer, and auditor.

Thus, the different ways can the offices of president, vice president, secretary,
treasurer, and auditor be chosen from an organization of 50 members is 254 251
200.

You are done studying the activity above, to check if you get this, please
answer the next activity.
Activities

Activity 1: Let’s Try This!

Directions: Answer each permutation completely: Show your solution to the

other sheets given.

1. In how many ways can 7 people arrange themselves in a row for picture taking?
2. In how many different ways can 8 different-colored goats be positioned in a
carousel?

3. A doctor wants to assign 5 different tasks to his 5 nurses. In how many possible
ways can he do it?

15
4. In how many different ways can 11 people occupy the 11 seats in a back row of a
mini-theater?
5. In how many ways can you place 9 different books on a shelf if there is space
enough for only 4 books?

Activity 2: Independent Practice

Answer each problem completely: Show your solution on the sheets provided.

1. A coach must choose how to line up his five starters from a team of 12 players.
How many different ways can the coach choose the starters?
2. How many different ways you can elect a Chairman and Co-Chairman of a
committee if you have 10 people to choose from.
3. There are 25 people who worked in an office together. Five of these are selected
to attend five different conferences. The first person selected will go to a
conference in a Hawaii, the second will go New York, the third will go to San
Diego, the fourth will go to Atlanta, and the fifth will go to Nashville. How many
such selections are possible?
4. A disc jockey has to choose three songs for the last few minutes of his evening
show. If there are nine songs that he feels are appropriate for that time slot, then
how many ways can he choose and arrange to play three of those nine songs?
5. How many 3 letter words can we make with the letters on the word SOLVE?

Nice work! Since you answered this activity. Check your score! If your score
is:
5 You are doing great! You may proceed to the next activity, the Post-assessment
(Activity 17) after reviewing the missed items.
3-4 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next activities/exercises of this
lesson.
1-2 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or parent or friend. Study
the next examples and answer the next activities.

Post Assessment
Warm That Brain Up!

Directions: Answer the following problems solving. Show your solution to the
separate sheet.

1. Sixteen skiers are competing in the final round of the Olympic freestyle skiing
aerial competition. In how many different ways can 3 of the skiers finish first, second,
and third to win the gold, silver, and bronze medals?
2. Suppose that 7 people enter a swim meet. Assuming that there are no ties, in how
many ways could the gold, silver, and bronze medals be awarded?
3. A dress-shop owner has 10 new dresses that she wants to display in the window.
If the display window has 6 mannequins, in how many ways can she dress them up?

4. How many five-digit numbers can be formed from the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8,

and 9 if repetition of digits is not allowed?

16
5. From among the 36 teachers in a college, one principal, one assistant
principal and the teacher-in charge are to be appointed. In how many ways can this
be done?

Application/ Performance Task

Tell Me If You Can Do It!

Directions: Perform the activity as indicated. Show your solution to the

separate paper.

1. A professor wants to write and ordered 7-questions test from a pool of 10

questions. How many different forms of the test can the professor write?
2. How many positive integers of 5 digits may be made from the ciphers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
if each cipher may be used just once?
3. There are 4 czech and 3 slovak books on the bookshelf. Czech books should be
placed on the left side of the bookshelf and slovak books on the right side of the
bookshelf. How many ways are there to arrange the books?
4. There are 4 elements a, b, c, and d. Use them to make permutations (without
repetition).
5. How many 3 letter words with or without meaning can be formed out of the letters
of the word SOLUTION when repetition of words is NOT allowed?

Post-assessment

A. Guided Assessment

Study and understand the different problems below.

1. 10 students have appeared in a test in which the top three will get a prize.
How many possible ways are there to get the prize winners?

Solution:

We need to choose and arrange 3 persons out of 10. Hence the number of
possible ways will be,

2. Twenty bands have applied to march in the parade, but only seven spots are
available. How many permutations of seven bands are possible for their order in the
parade?

17
Solution: There are 20 bands applied to march in the parade but only 7 spots are
available. We simply ha:

Thus, there are 390 700 800 possible orders in the parade.

3. How many 6 letter words can we make using the letters in the word LIBERTY
without repetitions?

Solution:

There are 7 letters in the word LIBERTY and making 6 letter words without
repetition.
We will use the formula in solving: So we simply have:

B. Independent Assessment

Answer the following problems below. Show your solution on the

separate sheets given.

1. There are 33 cars in a car race. The first, second, and third-place finishers win a
prize. How many different arrangements of the first three positions are possible?
2. A shelf can hold 8 trophies. How many ways can the trophies be arranged if there
are 10 trophies?
3. You are considering 10 different colleges. Before you decide to apply to the
colleges, you want to visit some or all of them. In how many orders can you visit
6 of the colleges?
4. Suppose we are going to use the symbols (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) to form a 5-
character “password” having no repeated characters. How many different
passwords are possible?
5. How many arrangements of 4 letters from the word COMBINE if no letter is used
more than once?
Do you need more? Before you proceed to the next activity, kindly check your
score! If your score is:

5 You are doing great! You may proceed to the Lesson 3 after
reviewing the missed items.
3- You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
4 activities/exercises of this lesson.
1- You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or parent or
2 friend. Study the next examples and answer the next activities.

Lesson
18
 Distinguishable and
Circular Permutations
3
Overview
This lesson is about distinct or distinguishable permutations and circular
permutations. With the dissimilar activities or exercises being furnished in this
module, may you find this material challenging and engaging as it develops your
critical-thinking and problem-solving skills. Enjoy reading with learning and solving
every exercise and do not doubt to go back if you miss some items.

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you shall be able to:

1. define the distinct or distinguishable and circular permutations; and

2. solve problems using distinct or distinguishable and circular permutations
formula.

Pre-assessment
Find out how much you already know about this lesson. Choose the letter that
you think is correct and write your answer on the space provided before each
number on the separate sheet. Take note of the items that you were not able to
answer correctly and look for the right answer as you go through this module.

___1. How many distinguishable permutations are possible with all the letters of the
word ELLIPSES?
A. 5 040 B. 5 060 C. 6 040 D. 6 060
___2. Find the number of different ways that a family of 6 can be seated around a
circular table with 6 chairs?
A. 90 B. 100 C. 120 D. 140

___3. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters of the word
ALLAHABAD.
A. 7 540 B. 7 560 C. 8 540 D. 8 560
___4. In how many ways can 10 persons sit at a round table for a group discussion?
A. 362 150 B. 362 160 C. 362 800 D. 362 880
___5. Determine the number of ways such that 5 men and 5 women be seated at a
round table if no two women are seated together.
A. 362 150 B. 362 160 C. 362 800 D. 362 880

If you all answered the problems above. Then, check your score!
If your score is:

19
 5 You are doing great! You may proceed to the next activity that
can be found in the Activities (Activity 21).
3-4 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
activities/exercises of this lesson.
1-2 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or
parent or friend. Study the next examples and answer the
different activities.

Prior Knowledge
Answer Me:

In how many distinguishable permutations does the word PHILIPPINES have?

How many ways can you arrange 7 people seated in a circular table?
Find out the answer to these questions while studying this lesson and discover
its application.

Presentation of the New Lesson

Activity 18: Investigate Me!

1. How many distinguishable permutations exist for the letters in the word
TENNESSEE?

Solution:
There are nine total letters in word, therefore,

Therefore, the number of distinguishable permutations equals:

Using the distinguishable permutations formula:

Thus, there are 3 780 distinguishable permutations of the word TENNESSEE.

Let us now consider arrangement of objects in a circle, which we call circular

permutations.

20
2. a. In how many ways can 3 people be seated around a circular
table?
Solution:

Notice that the arrangement 1-2-3 in (a) above is the same as 2-3-1 and 3-1-2;
meaning these 3 permutations are just one and the same.
Notice also that the arrangements 1-2-3, 3-2-1, and 2-1-3 are also just the
same as seen in (b).

So, the circular permutations, P, of 3 objects is:

We can also look at this way:

If there are 3 seats around the circular table, we can assign one of the persons
to a fixed seat and determine the number of ways that the other two can be
arranged. This way, we avoid counting again an arrangement that resulted from a
mere rotation. Thus, the number of circular permutations of 3 objects is

And the circular permutations of n objects is

b. In how many ways can 4 people be seated around a circular table?

Solution: Let us call the 4 people E, F, G, H

The arrangements are:

E-F-G-H E-F-H-G E-G-F-H E-G-H-Bs E-H-F-G E-H-G-F

F-G-H-E F-H-G-E G-F-H-E G-H-F-E H-F-G-E H-G-F-E
G-H-E-F H-G-E-F F-H-E-G H-F-E-G F-G-E-H G-F-E-H
H-E-F-G G-E-F-H H-E-G-F F-E-G-H G-E-H-F F-E-H-G

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 Observe that all the arrangements falling on the same column are just the
same because the 4 people are supposed to be seated around a circular table.
There are 24 arrangements in the list. Again, the circular permutations, P, of 4
objects is:

Or simply,

The permutations of n objects arranged in a circle is:

Activity 19: Can You Test Me?

Answer each permutation completely: Show your solution to the
separate sheet.

1. How many distinguishable permutations are possible with all the letters of
the word ELLIPSES?
2. Find the number of different ways that a family of 6 can be seated around
a circular table with 6 chairs?
3. How many distinguishable permutations exist for the letters in the word
CINCINNATI?
4. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters of the word
ALLAHABAD.
5. In how many ways can 12 volleyball players be arranged in a Circular
bunch?

22
Concept Development
Distinguishable and Circular Permutations Defined

Distinguishable Permutations refers to the permutations of a set of objects

where some of them are alike. The number of distinguishable permutations of n
objects when p are alike, q are alike, r are alike, and so on, is given by

For Example: Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letter OHIO.

Solution: Using Reasoning

There are 4 letters of the word OHIO, therefore, and .

Using the formula:

Thus, there are 12 distinguishable permutations of the word OHIO.

What is Circular Permutations?

Circular Permutations refers to the different possible arrangements of objects

in a circle. The number of permutations P of n objects around a circle is given by
If clockwise and anti-clockwise circular permutations are considered to

be the same, then it is

23
Note: The number of circular permutations of n things when p is alike and the rest
different all taken at a time distinguishing clockwise and anti- clockwise arrangement
is .

For Examples:

1. 10 toppings of pizza are placed on the plate. How many ways can they be
arranged?
Solution:

Therefore, there are 362 880 possible arrangements of the 10 toppings of

pizza.

2. In how many ways can 7 different charms be arranged on a circular

bracelet?

Solution: Using the ring permutation principle, there are:

24
 Thus, there are 360 possible arrangements of 7 different charms in a circular
bracelet.

3. Find the permutations of 6 people sitting around on a circular table if:

a. no restrictions

Solution:

Therefore, there are 120 permutations if no restrictions of 6 people sitting

around on a circular table.

b. 2 cannot sit next to each other

Solution:

Thus, there are 72 permutations if 2 cannot sit next to each other.

Activities
Activity 20: Guided/ Controlled Practice

Answer each problem completely: Show your solution on the sheets provided.

1. Ellie want to change her password which is ELLIE9 but with the same letters
and number. In how many ways she can do that?

25
Solution:
Total number of letters = 6
Repeated letters = 2Ls and 2 Es
Number of times ELLIE9 can be rearranged by:

But the password need to be changed. So the number of ways new password
can be made

2. Find the number of different permutations of the letters of the word

MISSISSIPPI.

Solution:
The word MISSISSIPPI has 11 letters. If the letters were all different
there would have been 11! Different permutations. But MISSISSIPPI has 4
S’s, 4 I’s, and 2 P’s that are alike. So, the answer is:

4. If a coin is tossed six times, how many different outcomes consisting of

4 heads and 2 tails are there?

Solution:
Again, we have permutations with similar elements called
distinguishable permutations.
We are looking for permutations for the letters HHHHTT.
The answer is:

Since you already finish studying the activity above, let us check your
understanding by solving the different problems below.

Activity 21: Independent Practice

Answer the problems below. Show your solutions to the other sheets.

1. ANNALIZA want to change her password which is ANNALIZA6 but

with the same letters and number. In how many ways she can do that?
2. Find the number of ways in which 6 people L, M, N, O, P and Q
can
be seated at a round table such that L and M must always sit together.
26
 3. Find the number of different permutations of the letters of the word
TALLAHASSEE.
4. If a coin is tossed 10 times, how many different outcomes of 7 heads
and 3 tails are possible?
5. There are 12 people in a dinner gathering. In how many ways can
the host (one of the 12) arrange his guests around a dining table if
they can sit on any of the chairs?

I hope you answered all the items! To check your score! If your score is:

5 You are doing great! You may proceed to the next activity,
the Post-assessment (Activity 25).
3-4 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
activities/exercises of this lesson.
1-2 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or
parent or friend. Study the next examples and answer the
next activities.

Assessment
Activity 22: Do I Really Learned?
Answer the following problems solving. Show your solution to the separate
sheet.

1. In how many distinguishable ways can the letters in MASSACHUSETTS

be written?
2. From the word MATHEMATICS, in how many distinguishable
permutations can be formed?
3. In how many ways can 10 persons sit at a round table for a group
discussion?
4. How many distinguishable permutations exist for the letters in the word
COMMITTEE?
5. Determine the number of ways such that 5 men and 5 women be seated
at a round table if no two women are seated together.

Application/ Performance Task

Activity 23: Finish Me!

Solve the following problems. Show your solution to the separate sheet.

1. How many distinguishable permutations are possible with all the letters of
the word OCCASION?
2. In a playground, 3 sisters and 8 other girls are playing together. In a
particular game, how many ways can all the girls be seated in a circular
order so that the three sisters are not seated together?
3. Find the number of different ways that a family of 7 can be seated around
a circular table with 7 chairs?
27
 4. Determine the number of ways of selecting one or more letters from the
letters ZZZZZZZ?
5. How many ways can 8 people sit in a circle?

Post-assessment

Activity 24: Guided Assessment

Answer each problem completely: Show your solution on the sheets provided.

1. In how many different ways can 4 nickels, 3 dimes, and 2 quarters be

arranged in a row?

Solution:
Assuming that all nickels are similar, all dimes are similar, and all quarters
are similar, we have permutations with similar elements. Therefore, the answer is:

2. In how many ways can three people be made to sit at a round table
Solution:

Thus, there are 2 ways that three people made to sit around the table.
3. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters in
MIAMI.

Solution:
MIAMI has 5 letters of which M and I are each repeated 2 times. So, the
number of distinguishable permutations is:

Good job! You are done studying with activity 24. And now, kindly
answer the activity below to inspect if you comprehend what you are reading.

Activity 25: Independent Assessment

Solve the following problems below. Show your solutions to the other
sheets.

28
 1. A couple wants to plant some shrubs around a circular walkway. They
have seven different shrubs. How many different ways can the shrubs be
planted?
2. Find the number of ways in which 5 people (Ian, Mark, Carlo, Lowie, and
Joel) can be seated at a round table, such that Carlo and Lowie must not
sit together.
3. Find the number of different permutations of the letters of the word
BILLIONAIRE.
4. Find the distinguishable permutations of the letters in the word
BALLISTICS.
5. Find the distinguishable permutations of the letters in the word
KANAKANAK.

GENERALIZATION/ SYNTHESIS

This module was about solving problems involving permutations and its
application in real-life situations. Every lesson under this module was provided you
with opportunities to solve differentiated problems using the fundamental counting
principle, the permutations formula and the distinguishable and circular permutations
formula. In addition, you were given a chance to know how to solve problems
involving permutations that apply the skills and knowledge to formulate conclusions
and making decisions. Your understanding of this lesson as long as the concepts of
Mathematics that you already learned will help you understand the next topic,
combinations.

Post-assessment

Find out how much you already know about this module. Choose the letter that
you think is correct and write your answer on a separate sheet. Take note of the
items that you were not able to answer correctly and look for the right answer as you
go through this module.

1. In a town fiesta dancing competition with 12 contestants, in how many ways can
the organizer arrange the first three dancers?
A. 132 B. 990 C. 1320 D. 1716
30
2. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters of the word
EDUCATED.
A. 1680 B. 10 080 C. 20 160 D. 40 320
3. How many different 3-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 1,2,3,5,6,7 if
repetition of digits is not allowed?
A. 120 B. 360 C. 720 D. 840
4. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters of the word PASS.
A. 4 B. 12 C. 36 D. 144
5. Which of the following expressions represents the number of distinguishable
permutations of the letters of the word HAPPINESS?
A. 9! B. C. D.

29
6. Six athletes will participate in a gymnastics competition. In how many ways can
they win first, second, and third places, if there are no ties?
A. 110 B. 120 C. 210 D. 150
7. Ms. Dela Cruz wants to produce different sets of test questions for her essay test.
If she plans to do this by putting together 3 out of 5 questions she prepared, how
many different sets of questions could she construct?
A. 10 B. 20 C. 60 D. 80
8. In the recently conducted SEA Games, there are 11 contenders in a swimming
event. How many ways can the gold, the silver, and the bronze medals be won?
A. 856 B. 878 C. 950 D. 990
9. In how many ways can 8 people be seated around a circular table if two of them
insist on sitting beside each other?
A. 360 B. 720 C. 1440 D. 5040
10. Lydia, together with her five friends want to arrange themselves around a round
table. How many ways can they do it?
A. 720 B. 120 C. 60 D. 30

Answer Keys

Pre-Assessment
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B

30
6. B 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B

Lesson 1: Pre-assessment
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D

Activity 2: Find Me Out! Activity 4: Independent Practice

1. 60 3. 2 520 1. 64 3. 30 5. 80
2. 720 4. 720 2. 24 4. 56

Activity 5: Accomplish Me!

1. 280 2. 362 880 3. 360 360 4. 360 5. 42
840
Activity 6: I Can Do It! Activity 8: Independent Assessment
1. 24 3. 120 5. 2 880 1. 9 3. 40 320 5. 1
944
2. 42 4. 720 2. 12 4. 59 049

Lesson 2: Pre-assessment
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. A

Activity 11: Let’s Try This Activity 13: Independent Practice

1. 42 3. 32 5. 720 1. 95 040 3. 6 375 600
2. 1 320 4. 240 2. 90 4. 504 5.
60

Activity 14: Warm That Brain!

1. 3 360 2. 210 3. 151 200 4. 6 720 5. 42
840

Activity 15: Tell Me If I Can Do It? Activity 17: Independent Assessment

1. 604 800 3. 144 5. 336 1. 32 736 3. 151 200
2. 120 4. 24 2. 90 4. 6 720 5.
840

Lesson 3: Pre-assessment
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D

Activity 19: Can You Test Me? Activity 21: Independent Practice
1. 5 040 3. 50 400 5. 39 916 800 1. 15 120 3. 831
600
2. 120 4. 7 560 2. 6 4. 120
5. 39 916
800

Activity 22: Do I Really Learned?

1. 64 864 800 3. 362 880 5. 362 160
2. 4 989 600 4. 45 360

31
Activity 23: Finish Me! Activity 25: Independent Assessment
1. 10 080 3. 720 1. 720 3. 3 326 400
2. 3 386 880 4. 7 5. 5 040 2. 6 4. 453 600 5. 5
040

Post-assessment
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D
6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. A

References
 [Link]
preschooler-needs-to-know/
 [Link]
cs/[Link]

32
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
permutations/
 [Link]
+with+solutions&hl=en-US&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi--
PLf9ebpAhUNPnAKHUN4DAIQ_AUoAnoECA0QBA&biw=1366&bih=613#img
rc=dJjrNL5OUVlxuM
 [Link]
 [Link] counting principle-worksheets-
[Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 Department of Education Mathematics 10 Learner’s Guide
 Department of education Mathematics 10 Teacher’s Guide
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link] [Link]
 https//[Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
[Link]

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For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education –Learning Resources Management and Development
Center (LRMDC)
DepEd Division of Bukidnon
Sumpong, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: bukidnon@[Link]

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