Class 10 Notes - Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, and History
Physics
1. **Motion:** Describes the movement of an object. Key concepts include velocity, acceleration,
and equations of motion. Example: The speed of a car increases uniformly from 10 m/s to 20 m/s in
5 seconds. Calculate the acceleration.
2. **Force and Laws of Motion:** Newton's Laws form the foundation. Example: A body at rest will
stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force.
3. **Light:** Covers reflection, refraction, and lens. Applications include microscopes, cameras, and
spectacles.
Class 10 Notes - Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, and History
Chemistry
1. **Periodic Table:** Arrangement of elements based on their atomic number. Trends in properties
like ionization energy and electronegativity.
2. **Chemical Reactions:** Types include combination, decomposition, displacement, and redox
reactions.
3. **Acids, Bases, and Salts:** Acids taste sour, bases are bitter. Example: HCl reacts with NaOH to
form NaCl and water.
Class 10 Notes - Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, and History
Biology
1. **Life Processes:** Includes nutrition, respiration, excretion, and transportation. Example:
Photosynthesis in plants.
2. **Reproduction:** Sexual and asexual reproduction in organisms. Key processes: fertilization,
pollination.
3. **Environment:** Impact of human activities on biodiversity and ecosystems. Importance of
conservation.
Class 10 Notes - Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, and History
Geography
1. **Resources:** Natural resources like minerals, water, forests. Types: Renewable and
non-renewable.
2. **Climate:** Includes monsoon, tropical and temperate zones, and their effects on agriculture.
3. **Water Resources:** Management of rivers, dams, and reservoirs for sustainable use.
Class 10 Notes - Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, and History
History
1. **Indian Freedom Struggle:** Events like the Revolt of 1857, Non-Cooperation Movement, and
Quit India Movement.
2. **World Wars:** Causes, impact, and aftermath of World War I and II.
3. **Post-Independence:** Challenges faced by India, development, and reforms.
