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Worksheet Name: Chem ch 3 Standard: 10TH Subject: SCIENCE

Instructions
1. TKA 10 CHEM CH 3 Ncert exampler.

Q1. a. Given below are the steps for extraction of copper from its ore. Write the reaction
involved.
1. Roasting of copper (1) sulphide.
2. Reduction of copper (1) oxide with copper (1) sulphide.
3. Electrolytic refining.
b. Draw a neat and well labelled diagram for electrolytic refining of copper.

Ans:
a. Given below are the steps.
1. Roasting:
heat ​
2Cu2​S(s) + 3O2​(g) 2Cu2​O(s) + 2SO2​(g)
2. Reduction:
heat ​
2Cu2​O(s) + Cu2​S(s) 6Cu(s) + SO2​(g)
This reaction in which one of the reactants (Cu2S) carries the reduction of the product (Cu2O) is known as
auto-reduction.
3. Reactions taking place in electrorefensing are:
At cathode (reduction): Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s)
At anode (oxidation): Cu(s) → Cu2+(aq) + 2e-
b. For the diagram of electro-refining,

Q2. Give the steps involved in the extraction of metals of low and medium reactivity from their respective
sulphide ores.

Ans:
Extraction of Metals present low in the Activity series:
Silver (Ag), gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) generally occur in the free or native state. This means that they can be
isolated rather easily. Metals like copper (Cu) and mercury (Hg) are comparitively more reactive and occur in
combined states. For example, the ore of mercury is cinnabar (HgS) while that of copper is copper glance
(Cu2S). Both are converted into metallic form upon heating in air or oxygen.
​ heat ​
2HgS(s) + 3O2(g) 2HgO(s) + 2SO2​(g)
Mercuric sulphide Mercuric oxide
heat ​ ​
2HgO(s) 2Hg(l) + O2(g)
Similarly,
heat ​
2Cu2​S(s) + 3O2​(g) 2Cu2​O(s) + 2SO2​(g)
Cuprous sulphide Cuprous oxide
​ ​ heat ​
2Cu2O(s) + Cu2S(s) 6Cu(s) + SO2​(g)
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Extraction of Metals present in the middle of the Activity series:
The metals present in the middle of the series are zinc, iron, chromium, nickel, cobalt, lead etc. These are
usually present as sulphides or carbonares in nature. However, it is quite easy to obtain a metal from its oxide
form which is then reduced to the metallic state. The various steps involved in the process of extraction are
briefly discussed.
a. Calcination:
Calcination may be defined as the process of heating the ore below its melting point in the absence of air.
As a result of calcination, the following changes take place.
Moisture is driven out and the ore becomes dry.
CuSO4.5H​ 2O ​ heat ​CuSO4​+ 5H2O ​
Blue vitriol White
​ ​ ​ heat ​
Fe2O3.3H2O Fe2​O3​ + 3H2​O
Limonite Ferric Oxide
Some hydrated ores decompose and become anhydrous by losing molecules of water of crystallisation. For
example, heat
heat ​
ZnCO3​ ZnO + CO2​
heat
PbCO3​ ​PbO + CO2​
heat ​
CaCO3.MgCO3​
​ CaO + MgO + 2CO2​
Dolomite
b. Roasting:
Roasting may be defined as the process of heating the ore below its melting point with excess of air.
As a result of roasting, the following changes occur:

Any organic matter if present, gets destroyed.

Impurities of non-metals such as sulphur, arsenic or phosphorus are converted into their volatile oxides which are
removed. For example,
heat ​
S8​+ 8O2​ 8SO2​(g)
Sulphur dioxide
​ ​ heat ​ ​
P4 + 5O2 P4O10​(s)
Phosphorus (V) oxide
​ heat ​
4As + 3O2 2As2​O3​(s)
Arsenic oxide

Sulphides of the metals are converted into their oxides. For example,

2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2(g)

2PbS + 3O2 → 2PbO + 2SO2(g)

Small amounts of sulphides may also be converted into sulphates as result of roasting. For example,

ZnS + 2O2 → ZnSO4

PbS + 2O2 → PbSO4

Q3. Explain the following.

1. Reactivity of Al decreases if it is dipped in HNO3.
2. Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of Na or Mg.
3. NaCl is not a conductor of electricity in solid state whereas it does conduct electricity in aqueous
solution as well as in molten state.
4. Iron articles are galvanised.
5. Metals like Na, K, Ca and Mg are never found in their free state in nature.

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Ans:
1. Since nitric acid is an oxidizing agent so it reacts with aluminium and forms a layer of aluminium oxide over
metal surface which further reduces the reactivity of metal.
2. Alkali and alkaline earth metals are very reactive and readily react with oxygen to form their stable oxides. The
reduction of these metallic oxides with carbon requires very high temperature and at that temperature metals
react with carbon to form their corresponding carbides. Hence they cannot reduce with the help of carbon as
reducing agent.
3. NaCl is an ionic compound. In solid state, oppositely charged ions are held tightly with strong metallic bond. So
neither metal ions nor free electrons can move from their position. Therefore NaCl and other ionic compounds
cannot conduct electricity in their solid state. In molten state or in aqueous, the free electrons and metal ions
are free enough to carry charge which makes them good conductor.
4. Galvanisation is a process of formation of thin layer over metal surface. It prevents further contact of metal
surface with atmosphere and reduces the corrosion level. So iron articles are galvanized by making a thin layer
of zinc over them. Since zinc is more reactive than iron so it will react first and protect iron surface.
5. Na, K, Ca and Mg are alkali and alkaline earth metals. They are most reactive metal and readily react with
atmospheric oxygen and other gases. Therefore they are found in nature in the form of their compounds.
Q4. A non-metal A which is the largest constituent of air, when heated with H2 in 1 : 3 ratio in the presence of
catalyst (Fe) gives a gas B. On heating with O2 it gives an oxide C. If this oxide is passed into water in the
presence of air it gives an acid D which acts as a strong oxidising agent.
1. Identify A, B, C and D.
2. To which group of periodic table does this non-metal belong?

Ans:
1. N2 is largest constituent of air, when heated with H2 in the ratio of 1 : 3.
In the presence of catalyst (Fe) gives a gas NH3(B).
​ ​ 773 ​
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3​(s)
Fe
′ A′ Hydrogen ′ B′
1 : 3 Ammonia
Nitrogen
Nitrogen reacts with oxygen on heating to form nitrogen monoxide ‘C’, which gets oxidised in the presence
of O2 to nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide dissolves in water in the presence of oxygen to form nitric acid which
is an oxidising agent.
heat ​
N2​(g) + O2​(g) 2NO
′ C′
2NO + O2​→ 2NO2​
′ C′
4NO2​+ 2H2​O + O2​→ 4HNO3​
′ D′
(Nitric acid)
‘A’ is N2, ‘B’ is NH3, ‘C’ is NO and ‘D’ is HNO3.
2. Group 15.
Q5. A non-metal A is an important constituent of our food and forms two oxides B and C. Oxide B is toxic
whereas C causes global warming.
1. Identify A, B and C.
2. To which Group of Periodic Table does A belong?

Ans:
The non-metal A is carbon. It is an important constituent of our food in different forms. For example, glucose
(C6H12O6) contains carbon. In fact, all food materials are organic compounds and these contain carbon as essential

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constituent. The two oxides of carbon are, carbon monoxide (B) and carbon dioxide (C). Carbon dioxide causes global
warming.
1. A = Carbon (C),
B = Carbon monoxide (CO),
C = Carbon dioxide (CO2)
2. Carbon is the first member of group 14 in the Long form of Periodic Table.
Q6. A non-metal X exists in two different forms Y and Z. Y is the hardest natural substance, whereas Z is a
good conductor of electricity. Identify X, Y and Z.

Ans:
‘X’ is carbon ‘Y’ is diamond ‘Z’ is graphite.
‘Y’ (diamond) is hardest natural substance.
‘Z’ (graphite) is good conductor of electricity.
Q7. A metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature is obtained by heating its sulphide in the presence of
air. Identify the metal and its ore and give the reaction involved.

Ans:
This metal is mercury because mercury exists as liquid at room temperature. Mercury ore is called cinnabar (HgS).
When cinnabar is heated in presence of air, following reaction takes place:
2Hgs + 3O2 → 2HgO + 2SO2
Mercury oxide is further heated to obtain mercury:
2HgO → 2Hg + O2

Q8. Why should the metal sulphides and carbonates be converted to metal oxides in the process of extraction
of metal from them?

Ans:
It is quite easy to obtain a metal from metal oxide by carrying its reduction with a suitable reducing agent. However,
metal sulphides and carbonates are converted to the oxide form and then reduced.
Q9. Compound X and aluminium are used to join railway
tracks.
1. Identify the compound X.
2. Name the reaction.
3. Write down its reaction.

Ans:
Railway trakcs as we all know, are made up of iron. This means that the compound A is an oxide of iron (Fe2CO3). It
is reduced by aluminium by thermit reaction with aluminium.
Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(s) + heat.
The reaction is highly exothermic and as a result, iron is in molten state and can weld the broken railway tracks. The
process is also called aluminothermie reduction or thermit process.
Q10. When a metal X is treated with cold water, it gives a basic salt Y with molecular formula XOH (Molecular
mass = 40) and liberates a gas Z which easily catches fire. Identify X, Y and Z and also write the
reaction involved.

Ans:
The atomic mass of metal X = 56 – Mass of OH group = 56 — 17 = 39u. This shows that the metal ‘X’ is potassium
(K) and the basic salt ‘Y’ is potassium hydroxide (KOH). It is formed by reacting potassium with cold water. Hydrogen
gas ‘Z’ evolved in the reaction catches fire.
2K(s) + 2H2O(aq) → 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

Q11. A solution of CuSO4 was kept in an iron pot. After few days the iron pot was found to have a number of
holes in it. Explain the reason in terms of reactivity. Write the equation of the reaction involved.
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Ans:
Iron is more reactive than copper. Due to this, iron displaced copper from copper sulphate to form iron sulphate. A
portion of the iron pot got dissolved in this process and caused holes in it. Following equation is involved in this
reaction.
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

Q12. An element A reacts with water to form a compound B which is used in white washing. The compound B
on heating forms an oxide C which on treatment with water gives back B. Identify A, B and C and give
the reactions involved.

Ans:Since the compound ‘B’ is used for white wash, it is calcium hydroxide and the element ‘A’ is calcium. Upon
heating ‘B’ forms calcium oxide ‘C’. It reacts with water to give calcium hydroxide ‘B’ again.
Ca(s) + 2H2​O(aq) → Ca(OH)2​(s) + H2​(g)
(A) (B)
​ heat ​
Ca(OH)2(s) CaO(s) + H2​O(g)
(B)
​
CaO(s) + H2O(aq) ​
→ Ca(OH)2(s)
Q13. During extraction of metals, electolytic refining is used to obtain pure metals.
1. Which material will be used as anode and cathode for refining of silver metal by this
process?
2. Suggest a suitable electrolyte also.
3. In this electrolytic cell, where do we get pure silver after passing electric current?

Ans:
1. Pure silver rod will be used as cathode and impure silver rod will be used as anode.
2. Ag NO3 (aq) can be used as electrolyte.
3. Pure silver will be formed at cathode.
At anode: Ag → Ag++ e-
At cathode: Ag++ e- → Ag
Q14. An element A burns with golden flame in air. It reacts with another element B, atomic number 17 to give
a product C. An aqueous solution of product C on electrolysis gives a compound D and liberates
hydrogen. Identify A, B, C and D. Also write down the equations for the reactions involved.

Ans:
Element ‘A’ that burns with golden flame is sodium (Na). Element ‘B’ with atomic number 17 is chlorine (Cl).
Sodium and chlorine react to form sodium chloride (NaCl) which is an ionic compound.
2Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s)
The aqueous solution of sodium chloride, also called as brine when goes through electrolysis, forms sodium hydroxide
(NaOH), hydrogen and chlorine gas.
Electrolysis ​
2NaCl(aq) + 2H2​O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2​+ H2​(g)
Hence, A = Sodium (Na), B = Chlorine (Cl), C = Sodium chloride (NaCl), D = Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Q15. Iqbal treated a lustrous, divalent element M with sodium hydroxide. He observed the formation of
bubbles in reaction mixture. He made the same observations when this element was treated with
hydrochloric acid. Suggest how can he identify the produced gas. Write chemical equations for both the
reactions.

Ans:
The divalent element M is a metal. It reacts with both sodium hydroxide (alkali) and dilute hydrochloric acid to
evolve hydrogen gas.
M(s) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2MO2(aq) + H2(g)
M(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MCl2(aq) + H2(g)
The gas burns with a pop sound when a burning match stick is brought near it.
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Q16. A metal A, which is used in thermite process, when heated with oxygen gives an oxide B, which is
amphoteric in nature. Identify A and B. Write down the reactions of oxide B with HCl and NaOH.

Ans:Aluminium (Al) is used in thermite process so metal A is Aluminium. The reaction of Al with oxygen forms
aluminium oxide Al2O3 which is amphoteric in nature as it can exhibit acidic as well as basic nature.
4Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(s)
Hence, A = Aluminium and B = Aluminium oxide
Reactions of aluminium oxide with HCl and NaOH are as given below;
Al2O3(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq) → 2NaAlO2(aq) + H2O(l)

Q17. Of the three metals X, Y and Z. X reacts with cold water, Y with hot water and Z with steam only.
Identify X, Y and Z and also arrange them in order of increasing reactivity.

Ans:
X is sodium, Y is magnesium and Z is iron.
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
Mg + 2H2O → Mg(OH)2 + H2
3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
Their sequence in reactivity series is as follows:
Fe < Mg < Na.

Q18. Generally, when metals are treated with mineral acids, hydrogen gas is liberated but when metals
(except Mn and Mg), treated with HNO3, hydrogen is not liberated, why?

Ans:
It is because HNO3 is an oxidising agent and it gets reduced to NO if it is dilute and NO2 if HNOs is concentrated, it
oxidises H2 to H2O.

Q19. Two ores A and B were taken. On heating ore A gives CO2 whereas, ore B gives SO2. What steps will you
take to convert them into metals?

Ans:
Since the ore ‘A’ of the metal gives CO2 upon heating, it is some metal carbonate (MCO3). It can be converted to the
metallic form as follows:
Calcination:
​ heat ​
MCO3(s) MO(s) + CO2​(g)
Smelting:
heat ​
MO(s) + C(s) M(s) + CO(g)
(coke)
Since the ore ‘Y’ of the metal gives SO2 upon heating, it can be some metal sulphide (MS). It can be converted to the
metallic form as follows:
Roasting:
2MS(s) + 3O2​(g) → 2MO(s) + 2SO2​(g)
Reduction:
MO(s) + C(s) → M(s) + CO(g)
(coke)
Q20. Give the reaction involved during extraction of zinc from its
ore by.
1. Roasting of zinc ore.
2. Calcination of zinc ore.

Ans:

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 1. Roasting:
heat ​
2Zns(s) + 3O2​(g) 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2​(g)
2. Calcination:
heat ​
ZnCO3​(s) ZnO(s) + CO2​(g)​
Q21. What happens when.
1. ZnCO3 is heated in the absence of
oxygen?
2. A mixture of Cu2O and Cu2S is heated?

Ans:
1. Zinc oxide(s) and CO2(g) are formed.
heat ​
ZnCO3​(s) ZnO(s) + CO2​(g)
2. Blister copper(s) and SO2(g) are formed.
​ ​ heat ​
2Cu2O(s) + Cu2S(s) 6Cu(s) + SO2​(g)

Q22. An alkali metal A gives a compound B (molecular mass = 40) on reacting with water. The compound B
gives a soluble compound C on treatment with aluminium oxide. Identify A, B and C and give the
reaction involved.

Ans: 'A' is sodium, 'B' is NaOH (Molecular weight = 40)

2Na(s) + 2H2​O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2​(g)
′ A′ ′ B′
Al2​O3​(s) + 2NaOH(aq) → 2NaAlO2​(aq) + H2​O(l)
′ B′ Sodium meta aluminate
′ C′
'C' is sodium meta aluminate, soluble in water.

Q23. What are the constituents of solder alloy? Which property of solder makes it suitable for welding
electrical wires?

Ans:Solder is a fusible metal alloy of lead (Pb) and tin (Sn). It contains 40% lead and 60% of Sn metal. Solder has a
low melting point around 90°C to 450°C as compared to the metals used in forming electrical wires. So, it acts
as bridge between two metal pieces, hence used for welding electrical wires.

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Q24. Give two examples each of the metals that are good conductors and poor conductors of heat
respectively.
Ans:
Good conductors of heat are copper and silver. Poor conductors of heat are lead and mercury.
Q25. The following reaction takes place when aluminium powder is heated with
MnO2.
3MnO2(s) + 4Al(s) → 3Mn(l) + 2Al2O3(l) + Heat
1. Is aluminium getting reduced?
2. Is MnO2 getting oxidised?

Ans:
1. Aluminium is getting oxidised to Al2O3.
2. Manganese dioxide is getting reduced to Mn.
Q26. A metal M does not liberate hydrogen from acids but reacts with oxygen to give a black colour product.
Identify M and black coloured product and also explain the reaction of M with oxygen.
Ans:
Because of less reactivity, copper metal does not release hydrogen gas with acid.
Cu(s) + HCl → No reaction
Hence, metal M is copper.
Reaction of copper with oxygen on prolonged heating to form a black substance copper (II) oxide (CuO).
2Cu(s) + O2(g) → 2CuO(s)

Q27. Give the formulae of the stable binary compounds that would be formed by the combination of following
pairs of elements.
1. Mg and N2
2. Li and O2
3. Al and Cl2
4. K and O2

Ans:
1. Magnesium nitride - (Mg3N2)
2. Lithium oxide - (Li2O)
3. Aluminium chloride - (AlCI3)
4. Potassium oxide - (K2O)

Q28. Name one metal and one non-metal that exist in liquid state at room temperature. Also name two
metals having melting point less than 310K (37°C).
Ans:
Metal in liquid state is mercury, non-metal in liquid state is bromine.
Gallium (Ga) and Cesium (Cs) have melting point below 310K.
Q29. 2mL each of concentrated HCl, HNO3 and a mixture of concentrated HCl and concentrated HNO3 in the
ratio of 3 : 1 were taken in test tubes labelled as A, B and C. A small piece of metal was put in each test
tube. No change occurred in test tubes A and B but the metal got dissolved in test tube C respectively.
The metal could be:
A. Al B. Au C. Cu D. Pt
Ans: B Au
Explanation: Gold (Au) dissolves in aqua regia.
Q30. Although metals form basic oxides, which of the following metals form an amphoteric oxide?
A. Na B. Ca C. Al D. Cu
Ans: C Al
Explanation: Some of the metals like Aluminium (Al) metal forms amphoteric oxide (A12O3) which can behave
like acid as well as base.
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Q31. Which one of the following properties is not generally exhibited by ionic compounds?
A. Solubility in water. B. Electrical conductivity in solid state.
C. High melting and boiling points. D. Electrical conductivity in molten state.
Ans: B Electrical conductivity in solid state.
Explanation: Ionic compounds can conduct electricity in molten or aqueous state due to presence of free ions.
In solid state, no free or mobile ions are available for conducting electricity.
Q32. If copper is kept open in air, it slowly loses its shining brown surface and gains a green coating. It is due
to the formation of:
A. CuSO4 B. CuCO3 C. Cu(NO3)2 D. CuO
Ans: B CuCO3
Explanation: When kept in open air, Copper reacts with oxygen to form copper oxide which appears as greenish
layer.
Q33. What happens when calcium is treated with water?
1. It does not react with water.
2. It reacts violently with water.
3. It reacts less violently with water.
4. Bubbles of hydrogen gas formed stick to the surface of calcium.
A. 1 and 4 B. 2 and 3 C. 1 and 2 D. 3 and 4
Ans: D 3 and 4
Explanation: Calcium reacts less violently with water producing the bubbles of hydrogen gas along with
calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
Ca(s) + 2H2 ​O(l) → Ca(OH)2 ​(aq) + H2 ​(g) ↑​
Q34. Electrical wires have a coating of an insulting material. The material, generally used is:
A. Sulphur. B. Graphite. C. PVC. D. All can be used.
Ans: C PVC.
Explanation: PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) coatings are generally used for insulating electrical wires.
Q35. The composition of aqua-regia is:
A. Dil.HCl : Conc. HNO3 3 : 1
B. Conc.HCl : Dil. HNO3 3 : 1

C. Conc.HCl : Conc.HNO3 3 : 1
D. Dil.HCl : Dil.HNO3 3 : 1

Ans: C Conc.HCl : Conc.HNO33 : 1

3:1
Explanation: Aqua-regia is a mixture of concentrated HCl and concentrated HNO3 in 3 : 1 ratio.

Q36. The electronic configurations of three elements X, Y and Z are X — 2, 8; Y — 2, 8, 7 and Z — 2, 8, 2.

Which of the following is correct?
A. X is a metal. B. Y is a metal.
C. Z is a non-metal. D. Y is a non-metal and Z is a metal.
Ans: D Y is a non-metal and Z is a metal.
Explanation: Y is sulphur (S) while Z is sodium (Na).
Q37. Which of the following can undergo a chemical reaction?
A. MgSO4 + Fe. B. ZnSO4 + Fe. C. MgSO4 + Pb. D. CuSO4 + Fe.
Ans: D CuSO4 + Fe.
Explanation: Iron is more reactive than copper. Hence, iron displaces copper from copper sulphate solution.
Q38. Stainless steel is very useful material for our life. In stainless steel, iron is mixed with:
A. Ni and Cr. B. Cu and Cr. C. Ni and Cu. D. Cu and Au.
Ans: A Ni and Cr.
Explanation: Stainless steels are formed with the addition of high proportion of chromium and nickel to iron.
Q39. Which of the following are not ionic compounds?
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 1. KCl
2. HCl
3. CCl4
4. NaCl
A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 4 D. 1 and 3
Ans: B 2 and 3
Explanation: Both HCl and CCl4 are covalent compounds in nature.

Q40. An element forms an oxide A2O3 which is acidic in nature. Identify A as a metal or non-
metal.
Ans:
Since the oxide A2O3 is acidic in nature, the element A is non-metal.

Q41. An alloy is:

A. An element. B. A compound.
C. A homogeneous mixture. D. A heterogeneous mixture.
Ans: C A homogeneous mixture.
Explanation: A homogeneous mixture of different metals or a metal and a non-metal is called as alloy.
Q42. Which among the following statements is incorrect for magnesium metal?
A. It burns in oxygen with a dazzling white flame.
B. It reacts with cold water to form magnesium oxide and evolves hydrogen gas.

C. It reacts with hot water to form magnesium hydroxide and evolves hydrogen gas.
D. It reacts with steam to form magnesium hydroxide and evolves hydrogen gas.

Ans: B It reacts with cold water to form magnesium oxide and evolves hydrogen gas.
Explanation: Magnesium metal does not react with cold water but reacts with both hot water and steam to
form magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Q43. Aluminium is used for making cooking utensils. Which of the following properties of aluminium are
responsible for the same?
1. Good thermal conductivity.
2. Good electrical conductivity.
3. Ductility.
4. High melting point.
A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1 and 4
Ans: D 1 and 4
Explanation: Electrical conductivity and ductility have no relevance for a cooking utensil. These properties also
do not enhance cooking.
Q44. The ability of metals to be drawn into thin wire is known as:
A. Ductility. B. Malleability. C. Sonorousity. D. Conductivity.
Ans: A Ductility.
Explanation: Ductility can be defined as the property of metals to drawn in thin wires by application of force on
them.
Q45. Generally, non-metals are not lustrous. Which of the following nonmetal is lustrous?
A. Sulphur. B. Oxygen. C. Nitrogen. D. Iodine.
Ans: D Iodine.
Explanation: Iodine is lustrous.
Q46. Which of the following metals exist in their native state in nature?
1. Cu
2. Au
3. Zn
4. Ag
A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 3 and 4

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Ans: C 2 and 4
Explanation: Gold and silver (Au and Ag) are also known as Noble metals as they are less reactive and exist in
their native state in nature.
Q47. Which among the following alloys contain mercury as one of its constituents?
A. Stainless steel. B. Alnico. C. Solder. D. Zinc amalgam.
Ans: D Zinc amalgam.
Explanation: Alloys of mercury are called amalgam.

Q48. An element A is soft and can be cut with a knife. This is very reactive to air and cannot be kept open in
air. It reacts vigorously with water. Identify the element from the following:
A. Mg B. Na C. P D. Ca
Ans: B Na
Explanation: Sodium (Na) gives all the characteristics of the element X.
Q49. Which of the following metals are obtained by electrolysis of their chlorides in molten state?
1. Na
2. Ca
3. Fe
4. Cu
A. 1 and 4 B. 3 and 4 C. 1 and 3 D. 1 and 2
Ans: D 1 and 2
Explanation: Usually alkali and alkaline earth metals can be extracted by electrolysis of their salts in molten
state.
Q50. Which one of the following four metals would be displaced from the solution of its salts by other three
metals?
A. Mg B. Ag C. Zn D. Cu
Ans: B Ag
Explanation: Least reactive metal can be displaced from its solution by other three metals. Silver is least
reactive out of given four metals.
Q51. Which of the following non-metals is a liquid?
A. Carbon. B. Bromine. C. Phosphorus. D. Sulphur.
Ans: B Bromine.
Explanation: Non-metal bromine is a liquid but in the molecular form (Br2).

Q52. Generally, metals are solid in nature. Which one of the following metals is found in liquid state at room
temperature?
A. Na B. Fe C. Cr D. Hg
Ans: D Hg
Explanation: Mercury (Hg) is a liquid at room temperature.
Q53. Metals are refined by using different methods. Which of the following metals are refined by electrolytic
refining?
1. Au
2. Cu
3. Na
4. K
A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 2 and 4
Ans: A 1 and 2
Explanation: Alkali metals are very reactive so cannot refine with the help of electrolytic refining process.
Electrolytic refining is used for metals like Cu, Zn, Ag, Au etc. The method to be used for refining an impure
metal depends on the nature of the metals well as on the nature of impurities present in it. So, metals Au (gold)
and Cu (copper) are refined by electrolytic refining.

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Q54. An alloy is:
A. An element. B. A compound.
C. A homogeneous mixture. D. A heterogeneous mixture.
Ans: C A homogeneous mixture.
Explanation: A homogeneous mixture of different metals or a metal and a non-metal is called as alloy.
Q55. Generally, non-metals are not conductors of electricity. Which of the following is a good conductor of
electricity?
A. Diamond. B. Graphite. C. Sulphur. D. Fullerene.
Ans: B Graphite.
Explanation: Graphite is one of the allotropes of carbon which shows layers arrangement of carbon atoms. The
fourth valence electron of each carbon is free to move that makes it good conductor of electricity.
Q56. Galvanisation is a method of protecting iron from rusting by coating with a thin layer of:
A. Gallium. B. Aluminium. C. Zinc. D. Silver.
Ans: C Zinc.
Explanation: Applying a layer of zinc through electrolysis is called galvanization.
Q57. Generally metals react with acids to give salt and hydrogen gas. Which of the following acids does not
give hydrogen gas on reacting with metals (except Mn and Mg)?
A. H2SO4 B. HCl C. HNO3 D. All of these.
Ans: C HNO3
Explanation: HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent. It oxidises metals to metal oxides and then to metal nitrates and
itself is reduced to either nitric oxide (NO), nitruos oxide (N2O) or nitrogen dioxide (NO2). However, both Mg and
Mn evolve hydrogen on reacting with the acid.
Q58. Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of a metal with a metal or nonmetal. Which among the following
alloys contain non-metal as one of its constituents?
A. Brass. B. Bronze. C. Amalgam. D. Steel.
Ans: D Steel.
Explanation:

Q59. During electrolytic refining of zinc, it gets:

A. Deposited on cathode. B. Deposited on anode.
C. Deposited on cathode as well as anode. D. Remains in the solution.
Ans: A Deposited on cathode.
Explanation: Zinc is positively charged and hence is deposited at negatively charged cathode.
Q60. Which one of the following metals do not react with cold as well as hot water?
A. Na. B. Ca. C. Mg. D. Fe.
Ans: D Fe.
Explanation: Na, Ca and Mg are reactive metals and quickly react with water. At room temperature, the
reaction of Fe is very slow but red hot iron reacts with steam to form Fe3O4 with hydrogen gas.
3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2​

Q61. Which of the following property is generally not shown by metals?

A. Electrical conduction. B. Sonorous in nature.
C. Dullness. D. Ductility.
Ans: C Dullness.
Explanation: Metals have shining lustre and they mostly do not show any dullness.
Q62. Reaction between X and Y, forms compound Z. X loses electron and Y gains electron. Which of the
following properties is not shown by Z?
A. Has high melting point. B. Has low melting point.
C. Conducts electricity in molten state. D. Occurs as solid.
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Ans: B Has low melting point.
Explanation: Z is an ionic compound. Therefore, it is not expected to have low melting point.
Q63. Silver articles become black on prolonged exposure to air. This is due to the formation of:
A. Ag3N B. Ag2O C. Ag2S D. Ag2S and Ag3N
Ans: C Ag2S
Explanation: Air contains traces of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas which reacts with silver (Ag) to form Ag2S
black in colour.
Q64. An electrolytic cell consists of:
1. Positively charged cathode.
2. Negatively charged anode.
3. Positively charged anode.
4. Negatively charged cathode.
A. 1 and 2 B. 3 and 4 C. 1 and 3 D. 2 and 4
Ans: B 3 and 4
Explanation: Negative charged particles (anions) move towards anode; which shows anode is positively
charged.
Q65. Which of the following oxide(s) of iron would be obtained on prolonged reaction of iron with steam?
A. FeO B. Fe2O3 C. Fe3O4 D. Fe2O3 and Fe3O4
Ans: C Fe3O4
Explanation: Following equation shows the reaction between iron and steam.
3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2

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