An Internship Report On “Comprehensive Analysis of

Financial Performance and Fintech Integration at Akij Bakers

Limited: Challenges and Prospects”

Student’s Name : Emtiaj Ahamed Alif

Student’s ID : 1803079

Student’s REG No. : 08386

Major : Finance and Banking

Faculty : Faculty of Business Administration

Supervisor’s Name : Dr. Mallika Saha

Co-supervisor’s Name: Dr. Md. Nur Nabi

Date of Completion :
 Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki,
Patuakhali-8602
Comprehensive Analysis of Financial Performance and Fintech Integration at Akij
Bakers Limited: Challenges and Prospects
Approved by

__________________
Supervisor

Associate Professor Dr. Mallika Saha

Department of Accounting and Information Systems
University of Barisal

__________________
Co-supervisor

Dr. Md. Nur Nabi

Professor
Department of Finance and Banking
Faculty of Business Administration

Emtiaj Ahamed Alif

Report submitted to Faculty of Business Administration

 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Business Administration

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the beginning I would like to express our heartiest sense of gratefulness to almighty
Allah. Aftermath I would desire to give my sturdy thanks and earnest dignity to my
estimable Supervisor Dr. Mallika Saha, Professor, Accounting and Information Systems
University of Barisal and Co-Supervisor Dr. Md. Nur Nabi, Professor, Department of
Finance and Banking, Patuakhali Science and Technology University who assigned me to
prepare this thesis on “Comprehensive Analysis of Financial Performance and Fintech
Integration at Akij Bakers Limited: Challenges and Prospects” and helped me with their
support, encouragement and expertise knowledge.

Finally, I would like to express that this dissertation has been prepared with based on
secondary data. In spite of all the sincerity, there could remain some unexpected errors. If
such any error occurred, I am really regretful for that.

Regards

……………………….

Emtiaj Ahamed Alif

Level-4, Semester-II

Session: 2018-19

Faculty of Business Administration

Patuakhali Science and Technology University

 Faculty of Business Administration
Patuakhali Science and Technology University

Date:

To,
Professor Dr. Mallika Saha
Department of Accounting and Information Systems
University of Barisal

Subject: Letter of Transmittal

Dear Sir,
I am grateful to you that you have assigned me to submit the “Comprehensive Analysis of
Financial Performance and Fintech Integration at Akij Bakers Limited: Challenges and
Prospects” as a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of
Business Administration. This dissertation is prepared on secondary data.

Therefore, I would like to request you to accept my report. And at last, thank you for
assigning me with the report. I sincerely hope this report will live up to your expectation.

Regards

……………………….

Emtiaj Ahamed Alif

Level-4, Semester-II
Session: 2018-19
Faculty of Business Administration
Patuakhali Science and Technology University
 DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE AND BANKING
Faculty of Business Administration
Patuakhali Science and Technology University
Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.
___________________________________________________________________________
Phone: +01716272365, Web: www.pstu.ac.bd

Certificate of the Supervisor

This is to certify that, Emtiaj Ahamed Alif, Reg No. 08386, a student of Department of
Finance and Banking, Faculty of Business Administration, Patuakhali Science and
Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602; has been completed the internship
program by conducting research on “Comprehensive Analysis of Financial Performance
and Fintech Integration at Akij Bakers Limited: Challenges and Prospects”. I am Pleased
to state that he worked hard for completing this study. The study has been accomplished
under my guidance and is a record of bona fide work that has been caried out successfully.

I wish him a very successful life.

Professor Dr. Mallika Saha

Department of Accounting and Information Systems

University of Barisal
 DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE AND BANKING
Faculty of Business Administration
Patuakhali Science and Technology University
Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.
___________________________________________________________________________
Phone: +01716272365, Web: www.pstu.ac.bd

Certificate of the Co-supervisor

This is to certify that, Emtiaj Ahamed Alif, Reg No. 08386, a student of Department of
Finance and Banking, Faculty of Business Administration, Patuakhali Science and
Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602; has been completed the internship
program by conducting research on “Comprehensive Analysis of Financial Performance
and Fintech Integration at Akij Bakers Limited: Challenges and Prospects”. I am Pleased
to state that he worked hard for completing this study. The study has been accomplished
under my guidance and is a record of bona fide work that has been caried out successfully.

I wish him a very successful life.

Professor Dr. Md. Nur Nabi

Chairman
Department of Finance and Banking
Faculty of Business Administration
Patuakhali Science and Technology University

~7~
Executive Summery

This report presents a comprehensive overview of my internship experience at Akij Bakers

Ltd., focusing on both the financial management practices of the company and the
prospects and challenges of implementing Oracle ERP software in its finance and
accounting department. The report details the tasks undercooked, insights gained, and the
overall impact of this internship on my professional development.

Akij Bakers Ltd., a prominent player in Bangladesh's bakery industry, operates with a
focus on delivering high-quality baked goods while achieving sustainable growth and
profitability. In addition, the company recently transitioned from an old ERP system to
Oracle ERP software to enhance its financial operations. During my internship, I had the
opportunity to explore the effectiveness of this software and assist in financial tasks such
as preparing journal vouchers, bank receivers, and bank payments. I also sorted LC (Letter
of Credit) files, gaining valuable insights into international trade processes and financial
documentation. The financial analysis of Akij Bakers Ltd. over the period from 2021 to
2023 highlights key financial ratios such as liquidity, debt, activity, and profitability ratios,
providing an in-depth evaluation of the company’s financial health. The report identifies
areas of strength as well as potential risks within its financial structure.

Despite the software's potential, several challenges were identified, including training gaps
and user interface issues. Moreover, an internal and external factor analysis revealed
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats affecting Akij Bakers Ltd.'s financial
performance. Beyond the technical aspects, this internship significantly enhanced my soft
skills communication, teamwork, and time management—while offering me valuable
insights into corporate life. The findings from this report emphasize the need for
continuous improvement in technology integration and training to fully leverage the
benefits of ERP systems. The experience also reinforced the importance of strategic
financial management in ensuring operational efficiency and long-term success. Overall,
this internship was a highly rewarding experience, allowing me to apply academic
knowledge in a practical setting while developing expertise in both financial software and
corporate financial analysis.

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 Table of Contents
Chapter One

Chapter: One........................................................................................................................
Introduction..........................................................................................................................
1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................
1.2 Objectives of the Study..............................................................................................................
1.3 Methodology..................................................................................................................
1.3.1 Research Design.......................................................................3
Quantitative Analysis........................................................................3
Qualitative Analysis...........................................................................4
1.3.2 Sources of Data........................................................................4
1.4 Scope of the Study.....................................................................................................................
1.5 Ethical Considerations...............................................................................................................
1.6 Limitations of the Study............................................................................................................
Chapter: Two........................................................................................................................
Company Overview.............................................................................................................
2.1 About Akij Bakers Limited........................................................................................................
2.2 Background of Akij Bakers Limited..........................................................................................
2.3 Location of the Head Office &Factory......................................................................................
2.4 Factory Premises........................................................................................................................
2.5 Vision of Akij Bakers Limited...................................................................................................
2.6 Mission of Akij Bakers Limited................................................................................................
2.7 Goal of Akij Bakers Limited....................................................................................................
2.8 Objectives of Akij Bakers Limited..........................................................................................
2.9 Key Developments...................................................................................................................
2.10 Product Range and Innovation...............................................................................................
2.11 Quality Control and Standards...............................................................................................
2.12 Prime Operational Area.........................................................................................................
2.13 Strategic Growth and Expansion...........................................................................................
2.14 Economic and Social Impact.................................................................................................
2.15 Recent Developments and Future Prospects..........................................................................

~9~
Chapter: Three Internship Experience...............................................................................
3.1 Internship Tasks and Responsibilities......................................................................................
Understanding Financial Statements...............................................18
Accounts Payable and Receivable Management.............................18
ERP Systems and Accounting Software...........................................18
Payroll Management........................................................................18
Physical Inventory Count.................................................................19
Chapter: Four Financial Performance Analysis.................................................................
4.1 Understanding Financial Performance Analysis and its Key Financial Ratios.......................
4.1.1 Financial Performance............................................................21
4.1.2 Financial Performance Analysis...........................................................................................
4.1.3 Meaning of Financial Ratio.....................................................21
4.1.4 Types of Financial Ratios........................................................22
4.2 Liquidity Ratios.......................................................................................................................
4.2.1 Current Ratio..........................................................................23
4.2.2 Quick Ratio...........................................................................................................................
4.2.3 Cash Ratio..............................................................................25
4.3 Debt/ Leverage Ratios.............................................................................................................
4.3.1 Debt Ratio..............................................................................26
4.3.2 Debt to Equity Ratio...............................................................27
4.3.3 Times Interest Earned Ratio...................................................28
4.4 Efficiency/ Activity Ratios.......................................................................................................
4.4.1 Total asset turnover ratio.......................................................29
4.4.2 Average Collection Period.......................................................30
4.4.3 Inventory Turnover Ratio........................................................31
4.4.4 Average Age of Inventory.......................................................32
4.5 Profitability Ratios...................................................................................................................
4.5.1 Gross Profit Margin.................................................................33
4.5.2 Operating Profit Margin..........................................................34
4.5.3 Net Profit Margin....................................................................35
4.5.4 Earnings per share.................................................................35
4.5.5 Return on Asset......................................................................36
4.5.6 Return on Equity.....................................................................37

~ 10 ~
4.6 Market Value Ratio..................................................................................................................
4.6.1 Book Value Per Share.............................................................38
Chapter Five.......................................................................................................................
Prospects and Challenges of Using Fintech Software: Qualitative Analysis.....................
5.1 Overall Implementation Process..............................................................................................
5.2 Employee Training...................................................................................................................
5.3 Challenges Faced During Implementation..............................................................................
5.4 User-Friendliness of Oracle Software......................................................................................
5.5 Effectiveness in Improving Data Accuracy.............................................................................
5.6 Efficiency of Financial Operations..........................................................................................
5.7 Overall Satisfaction with Oracle Software..............................................................................
5.8 Recommendation to Other Departments or Companies..........................................................
5.9 Comparative Trend Analysis of Akij Bkers Ltd (2020–2023).................................................
5.9.1 Revenue and Profitability Trends............................................45
5.9.2 Liquidity Trends......................................................................45
5.9.3 Solvency Trends.....................................................................45
Chapter: Five.....................................................................................................................
SWOT Analysis of Akij Bakers Limited...........................................................................
5.1 Strengths..................................................................................................................................
5.2 Weaknesses..............................................................................................................................
5.3 Opportunities...........................................................................................................................
5.4 Threats.....................................................................................................................................
Chapter: Six.......................................................................................................................
Findings, Recommendations, Conclusion.........................................................................
6.1 Findings...................................................................................................................................
6.1.1 Financial Performance:...........................................................50
6.1.2 ERP Implementation:..............................................................50
Pros:................................................................................................50
Challenges:......................................................................................50
6.2 Recommendations....................................................................................................................
6.3 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................
References..........................................................................................................................

~ 11 ~
List of Tables

No Name Page

Table 01 Current Ratio 23

Table 02 Cash Ratio 24

Table 03 Debt Ratio 25

Table 04 Debt to Equity Ratio 26

Table 05 Time Interest Earned Ratio 27

Table 06 Total Asset Turnover 28

Table 07 Average Collection Period 29

Table 08 Gross Profit Margin 30

Table 09 Operating Profit Margin 31

Table 10 Net Profit Margin 32

Table 11 Earnings Per Share 33

Table 12 Return on Asset 34

Table 13 Return on Equity 35

Table 14 Book Value Per Share 36

~ 12 ~
List of Figure
No Name Page

01 Brand Logos of different Akij Bakers Products 13

02 Current Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 23

03 Quick Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 24

04 Cash Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 25

05 Debt Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 26

06 Debt to Equity Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 27

07 Time Interest Earned Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 28

08 Total Asset Turnover for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 29

09 Average Collection Period for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 30

10 Inventory Turnover ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 31

11 Average Age of Inventory for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 32

12 Gross Profit Margin Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 33

13 Operating Profit Margin Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 34
2023
14 Net Profit Margin Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 35

15 Earnings per share for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 36

16 Return on Assets for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 37

17 Return on Equity for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 38

18 Book Value Per Share for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023 39
Chapter: One

Introduction
1.1 Introduction
Akij Bakers Limited is a prominent bakery company based in Bangladesh, known for its
wide range of high-quality baked goods. As a subsidiary of the Akij Group, which operates
across various sectors, Akij Bakers has carved a niche in the competitive bakery market
through a combination of product innovation, strategic marketing, and operational
efficiency.

During the internship period at Akij Bakers Limited, the opportunity presented to delve
into the company’s financial performance practices, providing a detailed analysis of how
the company handles its financial resources to achieve its business objectives. This report
encapsulates my findings, offering insights into the company's financial health, and areas
for potential improvement.

This report evaluates Akij Bakers Limited's financial performance analysis, focusing on
revenue growth, profitability, liquidity, and cost management. It covers key areas such as
financial performance analysis, budgeting processes, cost control measures, and
investment strategies. The report also identifies key financial challenges and provides
actionable recommendations for improvement. Effective financial performance is crucial
for organizations, especially in a competitive industry like bakery production. By closely
monitoring financial metrics and implementing robust performance practices, Akij Bakers
can achieve business goals while adapting to market changes and economic fluctuations.
The insights are based on data analysis, observations, and discussions with key financial
personnel.

This introduction sets the stage for a detailed examination of Akij Bakers Limited’s
financial performance. The subsequent sections will delve deeper into the company’s
financial performance, and areas for improvement, offering a comprehensive overview of
how Akij Bakers navigates its financial landscape to sustain and enhance its market
position.

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1.2 Objectives of the Study

General Objective of this report is to evaluate the financial performance analysis of Akij
Bakers Limited and assess their effectiveness in supporting the company's overall business
strategy and financial health.

Specific Objectives:

 To evaluate the company's liquidity by assessing key financial ratios like the
current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio.
 To examine how effectively Akij Bakers manages its inventory and assets.
 To assess the company’s debt levels and ability to meet interest obligations.
 To Assess the Implementation Process: Evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness
of the Oracle software implementation process, Identify any significant challenges
encountered during the transition from the old ERP system to the new Oracle
system.
 To Evaluate User Experience: Analyze the user-friendliness of the new Oracle
software. Assess the adequacy of training provided to employees for using the new
system
 To Measure Operational Efficiency: Compare the speed and efficiency of financial
operations before and after the implementation of the Oracle software. Examine
the impact of the new software on the accuracy and timeliness of financial
reporting.

1.3 Methodology
1.3.1 Research Design
This report employs a comprehensive methodology to examine the prospects and
challenges associated with the transition to the new Oracle finance and accounts software
at Akij Bkers Ltd. €Along With financial performance of akij bakers Ltd. The research
methodology integrates both qualitative and quantitative approaches, utilizing primary and
secondary data sources to ensure a thorough analysis.

Quantitative Analysis
 Financial Ratios

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  Trend Analysis

Qualitative Analysis
 Content Analysis
 Narrative analysis

1.3.2 Sources of Data

Primary Data:

Primary data was collected through direct engagement and observation within Akij Bkers
Ltd. during the internship period. This included:

1. Interviews, Questionnaire and Discussions: Conducted with key personnel in the

finance and accounts department, including managers, team members and software
implementation team members (the IT Team of Akij Insaf), to gain insights into the
transition process, challenges faced, and anticipated benefits.

2. Observational Research: Participation in day-to-day activities related to the

implementation and use of the new Oracle software. This hands-on approach provided a
practical understanding of the system's functionality and its impact on operations.

3. Supervisor Inputs: Regular consultations with my supervisor, who provided valuable

guidance and access to internal documents and resources.

Secondary Data:

Gathered from company records, several articles from the website of Akij Baker Limited
and company’s annual reports.

Akij Bakers Limited commenced its operations in 2020, marking its entry into the
competitive food and bakery industry. To analyze the company's financial performance
and growth trajectory, I have collected the income statements and balance sheets for the
financial years 2021 to 2023. This three-year period provides a comprehensive overview
of the company's early performance, allowing for the calculation of various financial ratios
and trends to assess its financial health and operational efficiency.

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1.4 Scope of the Study
 Geographical Scope: Focuses on operations and financial activities within Akij
Bakers Limited.
 Temporal Scope: Analyzes financial data and management practices over the past
three fiscal years.
 Content Scope: Examines financial planning, financial reporting, performance
evaluation, and internal controls.
 Exclusions: Does not cover non-financial aspects, external financial influences, or
competitor analysis.

1.5 Ethical Considerations

 Informed Consent: Participants were fully informed about the study's purpose and
scope. Consent forms were provided, detailing research objectives, participant
participation, and data usage.
 Voluntary Participation: Participants had the right to withdraw from the study at
any time.
 Confidentiality: Data was securely stored and access restricted to the research team
and authorized personnel. Personal identifiers were removed from survey
responses and interview transcripts.
 Integrity and Accuracy: Findings and analysis were based on accurate and honest
representation of data. Sources were properly cited.
 Respect for Company Policies: Research adhered to Akij Bakers Limited’s internal
policies and procedures regarding data handling and confidentiality.
 Potential Risks: Mitigation of potential risks to participants was ensured.
 Feedback: Participants were allowed to review their contributions.

1.6 Limitations of the Study

 Limited access to internal financial documents and detailed reports.
 Incomplete or outdated financial records.
 Sample Size and Selection:
 Small sample size for interviews and surveys.
 Potential selection bias.
 Limited time frame for data collection and analysis.
 Short-term analysis focused on recent financial data.

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 Chapter: Two

Company Overview

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2.1 About Akij Bakers Limited
Akij Bakers Limited, a subsidiary of the Bangladeshi industrial conglomerate Akij Group,
is a leading bakery and confectionery company known for its commitment to quality,
innovation, and customer satisfaction. Established as part of the group's diversification
strategy, the bakery division was launched to meet the growing demand for quality baked
products in Bangladesh. Since its inception, Akij Bakers Limited has experienced
significant growth, investing in state-of-the-art production facilities and incorporating
advanced technology and machinery.

The company places a strong emphasis on quality control, adhering to stringent standards
and rigorous testing procedures at every stage of production. This commitment ensures
that all products meet consumer expectations and comply with regulatory requirements.
Akij Bakers Limited's research and development (R&D) team continuously explores new
recipes, ingredients, and production techniques, introducing innovative products that cater
to evolving consumer preferences.

With a widespread distribution network across Bangladesh, the

company's products are available in major retail chains,
supermarkets, and local grocery stores. The company is also
exploring international markets, aiming to export its high-quality
baked goods to neighboring countries and beyond.

Akij Bakers Limited is committed to corporate social responsibility, actively engaging in

initiatives to give back to the community, such as sustainability, environmental
conservation, and supporting local communities through programs and partnerships.
(Markedium Desk, 2022)

2.2 Background of Akij Bakers Limited

AKIJ touches many people and many lives through various sectors and products. And
now with its foray into bakery products (Bread and Buns, Cakes, Biscuits, Cookies,
Wafers, and more). Akij Bakers Ltd. was established by Akij Insaf Group in 2020. Since
its beginning, Akij Bakers Ltd has been constantly trying to come up with new, healthy,
delicious products considering the tastes of the people of this country. Akij Bakers
Limited was established as part of this diversification strategy, focusing on producing
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high-quality bakery products to meet the growing demand in Bangladesh.

Akij Bakers Limited aims to deliver nutritious, delicious, and high-quality baked
products to its customers while adhering to the highest standards of hygiene and safety.
The company is committed to continuous innovation and excellence in its products and
services.

Akij Bakers Limited has established itself as a leader in the bakery industry in
Bangladesh through its unwavering commitment to quality, innovation, and customer
satisfaction. With a diverse product portfolio, advanced production facilities, and a focus
on sustainable practices, the company is well- positioned for continued growth and
success. This introduction sets the stage for a detailed exploration of the methodologies
and experiences gained during my internship at Akij Bakers Limited. (Bandhan
Magazine, 2022)

2.3 Location of the Head Office &Factory

Head Office: Akij House, 198, Bir Uttam Mir Shawkat Sarak, (Gulshan -Tejgaon Link
Road), Tejgaon, Dhaka –1208, Bangladesh

Factory: Akij Bakeries has a large production facility located in Tongi, Gazipur, near
Dhaka. The facility is equipped with modern technology and has the capacity to produce
a large volume of bakery products.

2.4 Factory Premises

The factory premises of Akij Bakers Limited are designed to accommodate modern
bakery production needs with extensive facilities and infrastructure. The premises
typically include:

 Production Facilities: State-of-the-art production lines equipped with advanced

machinery for baking, packaging, and quality control to ensure the highest
standards of product quality and safety.

 Storage and Warehousing: Ample space for storing raw materials, finished
products, and packaging materials. These areas are likely designed to maintain
optimal conditions for product preservation.

 Quality Control Labs: Laboratories for rigorous testing of raw materials and
finished products to adhere to food safety standards and regulatory requirements.

 Administrative Offices: Office spaces for administrative, managerial, and

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 logistical staff to oversee operations and manage business activities.

 Employee Amenities: Facilities such as cafeterias, rest areas, and locker rooms
for the well-being of the employees.

 Logistics and Distribution: Areas designated for loading and unloading goods,
with efficient logistics to facilitate the distribution of products to various markets.
The factory is designed to ensure efficiency, hygiene, and safety in all aspects of
production and operations, reflecting Akij Bakers Limited’s commitment to
quality and excellence in the bakery industry.

2.5 Vision of Akij Bakers Limited

The vision of Akij Bakers Limited is "To be the leading innovator and most trusted
provider in the bakery industry, delivering exceptional quality products that delight our
customers and enrich their lives. Their aim to set new standards in sustainability,
innovation, and customer satisfaction while fostering a culture of excellence, integrity, and
growth."

2.6 Mission of Akij Bakers Limited

Akij Bakers Limited mission statement provides a clear, actionable framework for Akij
Bakers Limited, aligning daily operations with its long-term strategic objectives and core
values.

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  High-Quality Products: Focuses on the company’s commitment to delivering
products that are both high-quality and enjoyable for customers.
 Customer Needs and Preferences: Emphasizes understanding and meeting the
diverse needs and preferences of the target market.
 Innovation: Highlights the importance of using innovative techniques and
technologies in product development and production.
 Sustainability: Reflects a commitment to sustainable practices that minimize
environmental impact.
 Employee Empowerment: Acknowledges the role of a supportive and collaborative
work environment in achieving company goals.
 Community Contribution: States the company's intention to positively impact the
community and deliver value to all stakeholders.

2.7 Goal of Akij Bakers Limited

The goal of Akij Bakers Limited is to consistently deliver high-quality, nutritious, and
delicious baked products that satisfy the diverse tastes of consumers. The company aims
to achieve this through continuous innovation in product development, maintaining
stringent quality control measures, and adopting sustainable business practices. By
expanding its product range and enhancing its distribution network, Akij Bakers Limited
seeks to strengthen its market presence both domestically and internationally. Ultimately,
the company strives to build lasting relationships with customers, stakeholders, and the
community, contributing positively to the food industry and society as a whole.

2.8 Objectives of Akij Bakers Limited

 Quality Assurance: To ensure that all products meet the highest standards of
quality and safety.

 Customer Satisfaction: To consistently meet and exceed customer expectations.

 Product Innovation: To stay ahead of market trends by developing new and

innovative products.

 Market Expansion: To increase market share and reach new customer segments.

 Sustainability: To adopt environmentally sustainable practices in production and

packaging.

 Brand Building: To strengthen brand recognition and loyalty.

 Operational Efficiency: To enhance operational efficiency and reduce costs.

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  Employee Development: To create a motivated and skilled workforce.

 Community Engagement: To contribute positively to the community and society.

 Financial Growth: To achieve sustainable financial growth and profitability.

2.9 Key Developments

The key developments highlight Akij Bakers Limited’s progress and achievements across
various dimensions of its operations. They reflect the company's commitment to growth,
innovation, sustainability, and excellence, positioning it as a competitive player in the
bakery industry.

 Product Range: Akij Bakers Limited offers a wide range of bakery products,
including bread, biscuits, cakes, and snacks. Their product portfolio is designed to
cater to the tastes and preferences of a broad customer base in Bangladesh.

 Quality and Standards: The Company is known for its emphasis on quality,
hygiene, and taste. It employs modern technology and stringent quality control
measures to ensure its products meet high standards.

 Innovation: The Company values innovation and continuously seeks to improve

its products and processes. Through ongoing research and development, Akij
Bakers Limited aims to stay ahead of industry trends and meet the changing needs
of consumers.

 Customer Satisfaction: Customer satisfaction is at the heart of Akij Bakers

Limited’s mission. The company strives to understand and exceed customer
expectations by providing delicious, nutritious, and safe baked products.

 Integrity: Integrity and transparency are fundamental to the company’s

operations. Akij Bakers Limited conducts its business with honesty, ethical
practices, and a strong sense of accountability.

 Market Presence: Akij Bakers has established a strong market presence through
widespread distribution networks, ensuring their products are available across
urban and rural areas in Bangladesh.

 Brand Recognition: Through effective marketing strategies and consistent product

quality, Akij Bakers has become a well-recognized brand in the country.
(Mosharaf Hossain, 2023).

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2.10 Product Range and Innovation
From its inception, Akij Bakers Limited aimed to offer a wide range of bakery products.
These include:

 Bread: Various types of bread including white, whole wheat, and specialty
bread.

 Biscuits: A variety of biscuits, both sweet and savory, catering to different

tastes and preferences.

 Bakeman’s Chocomate Cookies Biscuit: These are chocolate-flavored

cookies that offer a rich, sweet taste with a delightful crunch, making
them a favorite among chocolate lovers.

 Bakeman’s Horlicks Cookies Biscuit: These cookies are infused with the
taste of Horlicks, a popular malted milk drink. They provide a unique
flavor that combines the wholesome goodness of Horlicks with the crunch
of a biscuit.

 Bakeman’s Ovaltine Cookies Biscuit: These cookies incorporate the

distinctive taste of Ovaltine, a chocolate malt drink mix. They are
designed to offer a nostalgic flavor with every bite.

 Bakeman’s Saltice Cookies Biscuit: These are savory biscuits with a

light, salty flavor. They are perfect for those who prefer a less sweet
option for their snack time.

 Bakeman’s Choco Boost Cookies: These cookies are made with a boost
of chocolate flavor, providing an intense and satisfying chocolate
experience.

 Bakeman’s Glaze Biscuit: These biscuits have a glossy, sweet glaze on

top, adding an extra layer of sweetness and texture.

 Bakeman’s Coconut Craze Cookies: These cookies are packed with

coconut flavor, offering a tropical taste that is both sweet and crunchy.

 Bakeman’s Butter Cookies: These classic butter cookies are rich,

buttery, and melt in your mouth, making them a timeless treat.

 Bakeman’s Lexus Biscuit: These are premium biscuits with a unique

blend of flavors and a sophisticated texture, aimed at providing a

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 luxurious snacking experience.

 Cakes and Pastries: A selection of cakes and pastries, including packaged and
fresh options.

 Funtastic Ore Cream Pineapple Flavor: These are cream-filled cookies

with a refreshing pineapple flavor, providing a sweet and tangy taste.

 Funtastic Ore Cream Chocolate Flavor: These are cream-filled cookies

with a rich chocolate flavor, offering a delightful treat for chocolate
lovers.

 Funtastic Milk Mate: These biscuits are enriched with milk, providing a
creamy taste that is both nutritious and delicious.

 Funtastic Glucose: These are energy-boosting glucose biscuits, designed

to provide quick energy and are often favored by children and athletes.

 Funtastic Vanilla Cream filled Cake: These cakes are filled with vanilla
cream, offering a soft and moist texture with a sweet, creamy center.

 Funtastic Chocolate Cream filled Cake: These cakes are filled with
chocolate cream, providing a rich, indulgent taste with every bite.

 Funtastic Chocolate Plain Cake: These are simple yet delicious

chocolate cakes, offering a rich chocolate flavor without any filling.

 Funtastic Vanilla Plain Cake: These are plain vanilla cakes, offering a
classic, light, and fluffy texture with a sweet vanilla flavor.

 Snacks: A range of savory snacks that appeal to a broad audience.

The company continually innovates its product offerings to keep up with changing
consumer preferences and market trends. This commitment to innovation has helped Akij
Bakers maintain a competitive edge in the market.

26 | P a g e
 Figure 1 : Brand Logos of different Akij Bakers Products

2.11 Quality Control and Standards

Quality is a cornerstone of Akij Bakers Limited’s operations. The company employs
modern technology and stringent quality control measures to ensure that its products
meet high standards. This includes:

 Sourcing Ingredients: Using high-quality ingredients sourced from reputable

suppliers.

 Production Processes: Implementing advanced baking technologies and processes

to maintain consistency and quality.

 Hygiene and Safety: Maintaining strict hygiene protocols to ensure the safety and
cleanliness of all products.

2.12 Prime Operational Area

The prime operational area of Akij Bakers Limited is centered on the production and
distribution of high-quality baked goods. The company operates state-of-the-art
production facilities equipped with advanced baking technology and machinery, ensuring
efficient and hygienic manufacturing processes. Akij Bakers Limited focuses on a wide
range of products including bread, cakes, pastries, biscuits, cookies, snacks, and
confectioneries. These products are distributed through a robust network that covers
major retail chains, supermarkets, and local grocery stores across Bangladesh.
Additionally, the company is actively expanding its operational footprint by exploring
opportunities in international markets. This comprehensive operational approach ensures
that Akij Bakers Limited consistently meets the diverse needs of its customers while
maintaining high standards of quality and innovation. (Mizanur Rahman, 2019)

27 | P a g e
2.13 Strategic Growth and Expansion
Akij Bakers Limited’s growth strategy has focused on several key areas:

 Innovation: Continuously developing new products and improving existing ones

to meet consumer demands.

 Technology Investment: Upgrading production facilities with the latest

technology to improve quality and efficiency.

 Sustainability: Implementing sustainable practices in production and packaging to

minimize environmental impact. (Star Business Report, 2024)

2.14 Economic and Social Impact

As part of the Akij Group, Akij Bakers Limited has made significant contributions to the
Bangladeshi economy:

 Employment: Creating numerous job opportunities across manufacturing,

distribution, and retail sectors.

 Economic Growth: Contributing to the national economy through its business

activities and expansion projects.

 Community Engagement: Involvement in various social and community

initiatives, enhancing its corporate social responsibility profile.

2.15 Recent Developments and Future Prospects

The company remains committed to quality and innovation, exploring new market
segments and geographical areas. Future plans likely include:

 Product Line Expansion: Introducing new bakery and confectionery products

to meet evolving consumer preferences.

 Market Expansion: Exploring opportunities in international markets to

broaden its customer base.

 Technological Advancements: Adopting new technologies to enhance

production capabilities and efficiency.

Akij Bakers Limited has established itself as a leading player in the bakery industry in
Bangladesh. Through its commitment to quality, innovation, and comprehensive market
strategies, the company has achieved significant growth and success. As it continues to
evolve, Akij Bakers Limited is well-positioned to maintain its leadership in the market.

28 | P a g e
 Chapter: Three
Internship Experience

29 | P a g e
3.1 Internship Tasks and Responsibilities
During my internship in the Accounts and Finance Department at Akij Bakers Limited I
have learned so many things and gained a range of valuable practical experiences,
including:

Understanding Financial Statements

 Financial Data Interpretation: Acquired the ability to analyze and
interpret key financial ratios and trends, which provided insight into the
overall financial health of the company. This knowledge was applied in
understanding the company’s performance and in assisting with financial
reporting.

Accounts Payable and Receivable Management

 Invoice Processing: Gained hands-on experience in managing and
processing invoices. This included verifying payment details, issuing
receipts, and maintaining accurate financial records to ensure proper
tracking of transactions.
 Monitoring Receivables and Payables: Developed an understanding of the
importance of managing cash flow by effectively tracking outstanding
payments from customers and ensuring timely payments to suppliers. This
contributed to maintaining a healthy financial position for the company.

ERP Systems and Accounting Software

 ERP System Usage: Acquired practical experience with Enterprise
Resource Planning (ERP) systems to manage financial data, streamline
processes, and improve reporting accuracy. This experience enhanced my
understanding of automated financial management systems.
 Accounting Software Proficiency: Learned to use specialized accounting
software for various tasks such as bookkeeping, payroll, and financial
analysis. This proficiency allowed me to contribute to the efficient
management of the company’s financial operations.

30 | P a g e
Payroll Management
 Understanding Payroll Systems: Gained insight into the calculation of
employee salaries and the management of payroll compliance. This included
exposure to the processes involved in managing employee compensation
and ensuring accuracy in payroll operations.
 Employee Benefits: Developed an understanding of the administration of
employee benefits, including deductions and bonuses. I also learned about
the systems in place for managing employee-related financial transactions,
ensuring accurate benefit distributions and compliance with regulatory
requirements.

Physical Inventory Count

 During my internship at Akij Bakers Limited, I had the opportunity to visit
the factory on two occasions to participate in the physical inventory count
process. These visits provided valuable hands-on experience in verifying
stock levels, ensuring the accuracy of inventory records, and understanding
the workflow involved in the company’s production and storage operations.
By collaborating with the factory team, I gained practical insights into the
importance of maintaining accurate inventory control as a critical aspect of
financial reporting and overall operational efficiency.

31 | P a g e
 Chapter: Four
Financial Performance Analysis

32 | P a g e
4.1 Understanding Financial Performance Analysis and its Key Financial
Ratios
4.1.1 Financial Performance
Financial performance refers to the measurement and evaluation of a company's financial
health and ability to generate profit over a given period. It involves analyzing various
financial indicators, such as revenues, expenses, profits, and return on investment, to
assess how well a company is utilizing its resources to achieve financial objectives.
Its importance’s are:
 Helps evaluate the company's ability to generate profit.
 Guides efficient allocation of resources for operational improvements.
 Attracts investors by showcasing stability and return potential.
 Improves the company’s credit ratings and loan accessibility.
 Provides a foundation for expansion and competitive growth strategies.
 Aids informed decision-making for management, creditors, and other stakeholders.

4.1.2 Financial Performance Analysis

Financial Performance Analysis is the process of evaluating a company’s financial health
by examining its financial statements and other financial data. This analysis helps assess
how well a company is using its resources to generate profits and achieve financial
stability. It involves looking at profitability, liquidity, solvency, efficiency, and overall
financial trends through key performance indicators (KPIs) like financial ratios,
revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities, and cash flows.

 It helps to understand the company’s current financial position, forecast

future performance, and identify areas of strength or weakness for decision-
making, investments, and strategic planning.

 By analyzing financial performance, potential and existing investors can

assess the company's profitability and stability, helping them decide whether
to invest, hold, or divest their shares.

33 | P a g e
4.1.3 Meaning of Financial Ratio
A financial ratio is a numerical comparison derived from a company’s financial
statements, such as the balance sheet, income statement, or cash flow statement, used to
evaluate various aspects of its financial performance and position. These ratios provide
insights into a company’s liquidity, profitability, efficiency, solvency, and overall financial
health.

4.1.4 Types of Financial Ratios

There are mainly five types of financial ratios. These are given below:

 Liquidity Ratios: These ratios measure a company’s ability to meet its short-
term obligations using its current assets. Examples include the current ratio and
quick ratio.
 Debt Ratios: Debt ratios assess a company’s financial leverage and its ability
to repay long-term debt, indicating the proportion of debt used to finance
assets. Common examples are the debt-to-equity ratio and debt ratio.
 Activity Ratios: Activity ratios evaluate how efficiently a company uses its
assets to generate sales or revenue, reflecting operational efficiency. Key
examples include inventory turnover and total asset turnover.
 Profitability Ratios: Profitability ratios measure a company’s ability to
generate profit relative to sales, assets, or equity, indicating overall financial
performance. Examples include the net profit margin, return on assets, and
return on equity.
 Market Value Ratios: Market value ratios compare a company’s stock price
to its earnings, book value, or other financial metrics, helping assess its
valuation in the market. Common examples are the price-to-earnings (P/E)
ratio and market-to-book ratio.

34 | P a g e
4.2 Liquidity Ratios
4.2.1 Current Ratio
The current ratio measures a company’s ability to cover its short-term obligations with its
current assets, serving as a key indicator of liquidity and financial health. (Nina Semczuk,
2024)

TOTALCURRENT ASSET
Current Ratio =
TOTALCURRENT LIABILITY

Table 1: Current Ratio

Year Current Assets Current Liabilities Current Ratio
2023 645,093,327 8,387,382,292 0.0769
2022 602,829,905 8,421,504,506 0.0716
2021 349,706,174 7,887,730,179 0.0443

Current Ratio
0.0900

0.0800
0.0769
0.0700
0.0716
0.0600

0.0500

0.0400 0.0443

0.0300

0.0200

0.0100

0.0000
2023 2022 2021

Figure 2 : Current Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ current ratio gradually improved from 0.0443 in 2021 to
0.0716 in 2022 and 0.0769 in 2023. Despite this upward trend, the current ratios remain
far below the standard benchmark of 2.0, which indicates a healthy liquidity position.
These low ratios suggest that Akij Bakers may struggle to meet its short-term obligations,
signaling a potential liquidity risk. The figures highlight a need for the company to
strengthen its current asset base or reduce its short-term liabilities to improve its liquidity
position. When compared to the industry standard, Akij Bakers’ current ratio reflects a
vulnerable financial state, emphasizing the importance of effective working capital
management to enhance financial stability.

35 | P a g e
4.2.2 Quick Ratio
The quick ratio, also known as the acid-test ratio, measures a company’s ability to meet its
short-term liabilities using its most liquid assets, excluding inventory. This ratio provides a
more stringent assessment of a company’s liquidity position compared to the current ratio,
focusing only on assets that can be quickly converted into cash. (McKayla Girardin, 2023)

(TOTALCURRENT ASSET −INVENTORY )

Quick ratio =
TOTALCURRENT LIABILITIES

Table 2: Quick (acid test) Ratio

Current Assets- Current Acid
Year
Current Assets Inventory Inventory Liabilities Ratio
2023 645,093,327 118,256,257 526,837,070 8,387,382,292 0.063
2022 602,829,905 458,919,906 143,909,999 8,421,504,506 0.017
2021 349,706,174 144,752,434 204,953,740 7,887,730,179 0.026

Acid Ratio
0.070

0.060 0.063

0.050

0.040

0.030

0.026
0.020
0.017
0.010

0.000
2023 2022 2021

Figure 3: Quick Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ quick ratio improved from 0.026 in 2021 to 0.017 in 2022,
and further to 0.063 in 2023, showing some progress in its ability to meet short-term
obligations with its most liquid assets. However, these figures remain significantly below
the standard benchmark of 1.0, which indicates a comfortable liquidity position. The
consistently low ratios suggest that Akij Bakers may struggle to pay off its short-term
liabilities without relying on the sale of inventory, which can pose a liquidity risk. The
figures reflect that the company’s liquid assets are insufficient to cover its immediate
financial obligations, highlighting a need for better cash flow management or reducing
reliance on less liquid assets. Compared to the industry standard, Akij Bakers’ quick ratio

36 | P a g e
indicates a weak liquidity position, suggesting an urgent need to enhance its liquid asset
base to maintain financial flexibility.

4.2.3 Cash Ratio

The cash ratio measures a company’s ability to pay off its short-term liabilities using only
its cash and cash equivalents, offering the most conservative view of its liquidity position.
(Jim Pendergast, 2024)

CASH ∧BANK BALANCES

Cash Ratio =
TOTALCURRENT LIABILITY

Table 3: Cash Ratio

Year Cash and Bank Balances Current Liabilities Cash Ratio
2023 28,715,100 8,387,382,292 0.0034
2022 39,876,944 8,421,504,506 0.0047
2021 3,472,172 7,887,730,179 0.0004

Cash Ratio
0.0050

0.0045 0.0047

0.0040

0.0035
0.0034
0.0030

0.0025

0.0020

0.0015

0.0010

0.0005
0.0004
0.0000
2023 2022 2021

Figure 4: Cash Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ cash ratio shows a slight improvement from 0.0004 in 2021
to 0.0047 in 2022 but then declined to 0.0034 in 2023. These values are significantly
below the standard benchmark of 0.5 to 1.0, indicating a very limited ability to cover
short-term obligations with cash alone. The persistently low cash ratios suggest that Akij
Bakers has minimal cash reserves to meet immediate liabilities, which could pose serious
liquidity risks if quick cash is needed. This underperformance compared to the industry
standard highlights the need for the company to increase its cash holdings or optimize its
cash management strategies to improve its financial resilience.

37 | P a g e
 4.3 Debt/ Leverage Ratios
4.3.1 Debt Ratio
Debt ratio measures the proportion of a company’s assets that are financed by debt,
indicating the level of financial leverage and overall risk. A debt ratio above 1 indicates
that the company has more debt than assets, which can be a concern for investors and
creditors. ( Adam Hayes, 2024)

TOTAL LIABILITIES
Debt Ratio =
TOTAL ASSETS

Table 4: Debt Ratio

Year Total Liabilities Total Assets Debt Ratio
2023 8,387,382,292 8,381,412,226 1.0007
2022 8,421,504,506 8,341,330,902 1.0096
2021 7,887,730,179 7,811,618,897 1.0097

Debt Ratio
1.0120

1.0100
1.0096 1.0097
1.0080

1.0060

1.0040

1.0020

1.0000 1.0007

0.9980

0.9960
2023 2022 2021

Figure 5: Debt Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: The debt ratios show a slight decrease from 1.0097 in 2021 to 1.0007 in
2023, suggesting a reduction in leverage over the years. Despite the overall downward
trend, all the values remain above 1, indicating a continued reliance on debt for financing
operations. Typically, a debt ratio below 0.5 is considered a healthy standard benchmark,
indicating that a company has more assets than liabilities. Akij Bakers' ratios significantly
exceed this benchmark, implying a higher risk profile. This may raise concerns about the
company’s long-term financial stability and ability to meet its obligations. Hence, it is

38 | P a g e
essential for Akij Bakers to strategize towards reducing its debt levels to enhance financial
health.

4.3.2 Debt to Equity Ratio

Debt to equity ratio measures a company’s financial leverage by comparing its total debt
to its shareholders’ equity, indicating how much debt is used to finance the company’s
assets relative to equity. (Team, 2024)

TOTAL LIABILITIES
Debt to Equity Ratio = '
TOTALSHAREHOLDER S EQUITY

Table 5: Debt to Equity Ratio

Year Total Liabilities Total Shareholders’ Equity Debt to Equity Ratio
202
3 8,387,382,292 -5,970,066 -1404.91
202
2 8,421,504,506 -80,173,604 -105.04
202
1 7,887,730,179 -76,111,282 -103.63

Debt to Equity Ratio

0.00 -105.04 -103.63
2023 2022 2021
-200.00

-400.00

-600.00

-800.00

-1000.00

-1200.00

-1404.91
-1400.00

-1600.00

Figure 6: Debt to Equity Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ debt to equity ratio has worsened significantly, moving from
-103.63 in 2021 to -105.04 in 2022, and sharply declining to -1404.91 in 2023. The
negative values indicate that the company has negative equity, meaning its liabilities
exceed its assets, which is a severe financial concern. Standard benchmarks for this ratio
typically range from 1.0 to 2.0, indicating a balanced level of leverage; however, Akij
Bakers’ highly negative ratios reflect extreme financial instability and an unsustainable

39 | P a g e
capital structure. The drastic increase in 2023 suggests escalating financial risk, potentially
due to rising debt levels or continued losses eroding equity. To improve its financial
health, Akij Bakers needs to focus on reducing debt and restoring equity to achieve a more
sustainable balance and mitigate the risks associated with high leverage.

4.3.3 Times Interest Earned Ratio

Times interest earned ratio measures a company’s ability to meet its interest obligations
from its earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), indicating the firm’s capacity to cover
interest expenses.

(Moula, 2021)

Profit Before Interest∧Taxes (EBIT )

Time Interest Earned Ratio =
Interest Expense

Table 6: Time Interest Earned Ratio

Year EBIT Interest Time Interest Earned Ratio
2023 118,567,403 16,642,093 7.12
2022 31,440,391 27,941,452 1.13
2021 -28,463,709 48,742,315 -0.58

Time Interest Earned Ratio

8.00

7.00
7.12
6.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00 1.13

1.00

0.00
2023 2022 2021
-1.00

Figure 7: Time Interest Earned Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ times interest earned ratio improved significantly from -0.58
in 2021 to 1.13 in 2022, and further to 7.12 in 2023. The negative ratio in 2021 indicates
the company was unable to cover its interest expenses, reflecting severe financial distress.
The positive ratio in 2022 shows a recovery, but a ratio of 1.13 is only marginally above
breakeven, suggesting limited coverage of interest costs. The substantial increase to 7.12
in 2023 indicates strong improvement, with the company earning more than seven times

40 | P a g e
its interest expenses, surpassing the standard benchmark of 3.0 to 5.0. This positive trend
suggests that Akij Bakers has significantly enhanced its ability to meet interest obligations,
reflecting improved financial stability.

4.4 Efficiency/ Activity Ratios

4.4.1 Total asset turnover ratio
Total asset turnover ratio measures how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate
sales, indicating the effectiveness of asset utilization. (Westberg, 2023)

NET SALES
Total Asset Turnover=
TOTAL ASSETS

Table 7: Total Asset Turnover

Year Net Sales Total Assets Total Asset Turnover
202
4,702,205,057 8,381,412,226
3 0.561
202
1,349,619,741 8,341,330,902
2 0.162
202
224,120,750 7,811,618,897
1 0.029

Total Asset Turnover

0.600

0.561
0.500

0.400

0.300

0.200

0.162
0.100

0.000 0.029
2023 2022 2021

Figure 8: Total Asset Turnover for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ total asset turnover ratio has improved significantly from
0.029 in 2021 to 0.162 in 2022 and further to 0.561 in 2023. This upward trend suggests
that the company has become more efficient in using its assets to generate revenue. While

41 | P a g e
 still below the standard benchmark of 1.0, which indicates optimal asset utilization, the
steady improvement reflects positive changes in operational efficiency. The 2023 ratio of
0.561 indicates that Akij Bakers generates approximately 56 cents in sales for every dollar
of assets, highlighting significant progress compared to previous years. Continued focus
on improving asset productivity could help the company achieve closer alignment with
industry standards, boosting overall financial performance.

4.4.2 Average Collection Period

Average collection period measures the average number of days it takes a company to
collect payments from its customers, indicating the effectiveness of its credit and
collection policies. (Zenko, 2023)

AVERAGE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Average Collection Period= NET CREDIT SALES
365

Table 8: Average Collection Period

Average
Accounts Collection
Year Net Sales 365 Receivable Period
202
4,702,205,057
3 365 12882753.581 133,133,542 10.33
202
1,349,619,741 365
2 3697588.332 2,499,113 0.676
202
224,120,750 365
1 614029.452 402,678 0.656

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 Average Collection Period
12.00

10.00 10.334

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00 0.676 0.656

2023 2022 2021

Figure 9: Average Collection Period for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ average collection period has increased from 0.656 days in
2021 to 0.676 days in 2022 and significantly to 10.33 days in 2023. Although the
collection period remains relatively low compared to the general benchmark of 30-45
days, the sharp rise in 2023 suggests a notable change in the company’s credit terms or
slower collections. While the 2023 figure still reflects efficient collection practices, the
upward trend may indicate potential issues with receivables management if not addressed
promptly. The increase suggests that Akij Bakers should closely monitor its accounts
receivable to maintain cash flow stability and avoid potential liquidity challenges.

4.4.3 Inventory Turnover Ratio

The inventory turnover ratio measures how efficiently a company manages its inventory
by indicating how often inventory is sold and replaced over a specific period. (Guerrero,
2024)

COGS
Inventory Turnover ratio =
INVENTORY

Table 9: Inventory Turnover Ratio

Year COGS Inventory Inventory Turnover Ratio
2023 4,240,364,464 118,256,257 35.86
2022 1,243,916,285 458,919,906 2.71
2021 209,358,698 144,752,434 1.45

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 Inventory Turnover Ratio
40.00

35.00 35.86

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

2.71
0.00 1.45
2023 2022 2021

Figure 10: Inventory Turnover ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ inventory turnover ratio shows a dramatic increase from
1.45 in 2021 to 2.71 in 2022, and a significant jump to 35.86 in 2023. This sharp rise
suggests that the company has greatly improved its inventory management, moving stock
much faster in 2023 than in previous years. A higher inventory turnover ratio compared to
the general industry benchmark of 5-10 indicates efficient inventory handling, reduced
holding costs, and potentially higher sales efficiency. The substantial improvement in 2023
suggests Akij Bakers has optimized its inventory processes, enhancing overall operational
efficiency. However, an extremely high turnover like 35.86 may also imply that inventory
levels are very low, which could lead to stockouts if not carefully managed.

4.4.4 Average Age of Inventory

Average age of inventory measures the average number of days that inventory items
remain in stock before being sold, reflecting how efficiently a company manages its
inventory. (Bauter, 2024)

365
Average Age of Inventory=
INVENTORY TURNOVER RATIO

Table 10: Average Age of Inventory

Year 365 Inventory Turnover Average Age of Inventory
202
365 35.8574
3 10.1792
202
365 2.71
2 134.69
202
365 1.45
1 251.72

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 Average Age of Inventory
300.00

250.00
251.72

200.00

150.00
134.69
100.00

50.00

0.00 10.18
2023 2022 2021

Figure 11: Average Age of Inventory for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ average age of inventory has significantly decreased from
251.72 days in 2021 to 134.69 days in 2022, and further to just 10.18 days in 2023. This
substantial decline indicates a dramatic improvement in inventory turnover, suggesting
that Akij Bakers is selling its products much faster, which aligns with the previously
observed high inventory turnover ratio. Compared to the standard benchmark of 30-60
days, Akij Bakers’ 2023 figure of 10.18 days shows highly efficient inventory
management, reducing holding costs and the risk of obsolescence. However, while this
efficiency is positive, maintaining such a low average age could risk frequent stockouts if
not carefully balanced with demand.

4.5 Profitability Ratios

4.5.1 Gross Profit Margin
Gross profit margin measures the percentage of revenue that exceeds the cost of goods
sold (COGS), indicating the efficiency of a company in producing and selling its products.
(Bloomenthal, 2024)

GROSS PROFIT
Gross Profit Margin = X 100
NET SALES

Table 11: Gross Profit Margin

Year Gross Profit Net Sales Gross Profit Margin
2023 461,840,593 4,702,205,057 9.82%
2022 105,703,456 1,349,619,741 7.83%
2021 14,762,052 224,120,750 6.59%

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 Gross Profit Margin
12.00%

10.00%
9.82%

8.00%
7.83%

6.00% 6.59%

4.00%

2.00%

0.00%
2023 2022 2021

Figure 12: Gross Profit

Margin Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ gross profit margin has improved from 6.59% in 2021 to
7.83% in 2022 and further to 9.82% in 2023. This increase suggests that the company has
become more efficient in managing production costs or has achieved better pricing for its
products. Compared to the standard benchmark of 20% to 50% for many industries, Akij
Bakers’ margins are relatively low, indicating room for improvement in cost management
or pricing strategies. However, the positive trend reflects effective efforts to enhance
profitability, suggesting ongoing improvements in financial performance. The company
should aim to continue this upward trajectory to better align with industry standards.

4.5.2 Operating Profit Margin

Operating profit margin measures the percentage of revenue that remains after covering
operating expenses, excluding interest and taxes, reflecting the efficiency of a company’s
core business operations. (Arjun Remesh, 2024)

OPERATING PROFIT
Operating Profit Margin = X 100
NET SALES

Table 12: Operating Profit Margin

Year Operating Profit Net Sales Operating Profit Margin
2023 118,567,403 4,702,205,057 2.52%
2022 31,440,391 1,349,619,741 2.33%
2021 -28,463,709 224,120,750 -12.70%

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 Operating Profit Margin
4.00% 2.52% 2.33%

2.00%

0.00%
2023 2022 2021
-2.00%

-4.00%

-6.00%

-8.00%

-10.00%

-12.00%

-14.00% -12.70%

Figure 13: Operating Profit Margin Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ operating profit margin has improved from -12.70% in 2021
to 2.33% in 2022, and further to 2.52% in 2023. This upward trend indicates a recovery in
operational efficiency and profitability from a previously negative position. While the
2023 margin of 2.52% is positive and reflects improved operational performance, it is still
below the standard benchmark of 10% to 15% for many industries. This suggests that
although the company is making progress, further enhancements in operational efficiency
are needed to achieve better margins. The positive trajectory is encouraging, but focusing
on cost control and revenue growth will be crucial for reaching industry norms.

4.5.3 Net Profit Margin

Net profit margin measures the percentage of revenue remaining after all expenses, taxes,
and costs have been deducted, indicating overall profitability. (Vena, 2024)

NET PROFIT AFTER TAX (EACS)

Net Profit Margin = X 100
NET SALES

Table 13: Net Profit Margin

Year EACS Net Sales Net Profit Margin
2023 102,603,183 4,702,205,057 2.18%
2022 -4,062,322 1,349,619,741 -0.30%
2021 -77,493,580 224,120,750 -34.58%

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 Net Profit Margin
5.00%
-0.30%
0.00% 2.18%
2023 2022 2021
-5.00%

-10.00%

-15.00%

-20.00%

-25.00%

-30.00%
-34.58%
-35.00%

-40.00%

Figure 14: Net Profit Margin Ratio for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ net profit margin has shown a significant improvement,
moving from -34.58% in 2021 to -0.30% in 2022, and turning positive at 2.18% in 2023.
The dramatic turnaround from a substantial loss to a positive margin reflects a successful
recovery in profitability. While the 2023 margin of 2.18% is a positive development, it is
still below the standard benchmark of 5% to 10% typically seen in many industries. This
indicates that while Akij Bakers has made progress, there is still room for improvement in
achieving higher profitability. The company should focus on enhancing operational
efficiency and revenue generation to better align with industry profitability standards.

4.5.4 Earnings per share

Earnings Per Share (EPS) measures the portion of a company’s profit allocated to each
outstanding share of common stock, indicating the company’s profitability on a per-share
basis. ( Jason Fernando, 2024)

NET PROFIT AFTER TAX ( EACS)

Earnings per Share =
NUMBER OF SHARES OUTSTANDING

Table 14: Earnings Per Share

Year EACS Number of Shares Outstanding Earnings Per Share
2023 74,203,538 5,000,000 14.84
2022 -4,062,322 5,000,000 -0.81
2021 -77,493,580 5,000,000 -15.50

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 Earnings Per Share

20.00

15.00
14.84
10.00

5.00

0.00
2023 2022
-0.81 2021
-5.00

-10.00

-15.00

-20.00
-15.50

Figure 15: Earnings per share for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ EPS has improved significantly from -15.50 in 2021 to -0.81
in 2022, and then to 14.84 in 2023. The negative EPS in 2021 and 2022 reflects substantial
losses per share, while the positive EPS of 14.84 in 2023 indicates a turnaround to
profitability. This improvement suggests a strong recovery in earnings, surpassing typical
benchmarks of around 1.0 to 2.0 EPS in many industries. The significant positive EPS in
2023 indicates effective management and operational improvements, reflecting a solid
financial rebound. The company should aim to maintain and build on this positive trend to
strengthen shareholder value and financial stability.

4.5.5 Return on Asset

Return on Assets (ROA) measures how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate
profit, expressed as a percentage of total assets. (Birken, 2021)

NET PROFIT AFTER TAX (EACS )

Return on Asset = X 100
TOTALSHAREHOLDERS EQUITY

Table 15: Return on Asset

Year EACS Total Assets Return on Asset
2023 74,203,538 8,381,412,226 0.89%
2022 -4,062,322 8,341,330,902 -0.05%
2021 -77,493,580 7,811,618,897 -0.99%

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 Return on Asset
1.50%

1.00%
0.89%
0.50%

-0.05%
0.00%
2023 2022 2021

-0.50%

-0.99%
-1.00%

-1.50%

Figure 16: Return on Equity for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ ROA has improved from -0.99% in 2021 to -0.05% in 2022,
and then to 0.89% in 2023. The initial negative ROA reflects inefficiencies and losses,
while the near-zero figure in 2022 shows marginal improvement. The positive ROA of
0.89% in 2023 indicates that the company has begun to effectively utilize its assets to
generate profits, though the margin remains thin. This result is below the standard
benchmark of 5% to 10%, suggesting that while progress has been made, there is still
significant room for enhancing asset efficiency and overall profitability. The positive trend
is encouraging, but further improvements are needed to align with industry norms.

4.5.6 Return on Equity

Return on Equity (ROE) measures the percentage of profit a company generates with the
shareholders’ equity, indicating how effectively the company uses equity to produce
earnings. (Stenn, 2024)

NET PROFIT AFTER TAX (EACS )

Return on Equity = X 100
TOTALSHAREHOLDERS EQUITY

Table 16: Return on Equity

Year EACS Total Shareholders Eqity Return on Equity
2023 74,203,538 -5,970,066 -1242.93%
2022 -4,062,322 -80,173,604 5.07%
2021 -77,493,580 -76,111,282 101.82%

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 Return on Equity
200.00%

101.82%
0.00%
2023 5.07%
2022 2021
-200.00%

-400.00%

-600.00%

-800.00%

-1000.00%

-1200.00% -1242.93%

-1400.00%

Figure 17: Return on Equity for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ ROE has fluctuated dramatically, moving from 101.82% in
2021 to 5.07% in 2022, and then plunging to -1242.93% in 2023. The initial high ROE in
2021 indicates very effective use of equity to generate profits. The decline to 5.07% in
2022 reflects a decrease in profitability but remains positive. The sharp negative ROE in
2023 signifies significant losses relative to equity, suggesting severe financial distress or
extraordinary expenses. This drastic negative figure is far below the typical benchmark of
15% to 20%, highlighting substantial challenges in profitability and financial stability.
Akij Bakers needs to address underlying issues to restore positive and sustainable ROE
levels.

4.6 Market Value Ratio

4.6.1 Book Value Per Share
Book Value per Share (BVPS) measures the value of a company’s equity available to
common shareholders on a per-share basis, calculated as total equity divided by the
number of outstanding shares. Standard benchmark for this ratio is 1. ( Jason Fernando,
2024)

'
TOTALSHAREHOLDERS EQUITY −PREFERRED EQUITY
Book Value per Share =
NUMBER OF SHARES OUTSTANDING

Table 17: Book Value Per Share

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 Total Shareholders' Preferred Number of Shares Book Value Per
Year
Equity Equity Outstanding Share
202
3 -5,970,066 0 5,000,000 -1.19
202
2 -80,173,604 0 5,000,000 -16.03
202
1 -76,111,282 0 5,000,000 -15.22

Book Value Per Share

0.00
-1.19
2023 2022 2021
-2.00

-4.00

-6.00

-8.00

-10.00

-12.00

-14.00
-15.22
-16.03
-16.00

-18.00

Figure 18: Book Value Per Share for Akij Bakers Ltd. from 2021 to 2023

Interpretation: Akij Bakers’ BVPS has improved from -15.22 in 2021 to -16.03 in 2022,
and then to -1.19 in 2023. The negative BVPS in all years indicates that the company’s
liabilities exceed its assets, reflecting financial distress and negative equity. The
improvement in 2023 suggests a reduction in negative equity, but the value remains below
zero. Compared to the standard benchmark of a positive BVPS indicating financial
stability, Akij Bakers still faces significant challenges. The company needs to continue
efforts to achieve positive equity to enhance financial health and shareholder value.

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 Chapter Five

Prospects and Challenges of Using Fintech

Software: Qualitative Analysis

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5.1 Overall Implementation Process

How would you rate the overall

implementation process of the new
Oracle software?
3%
Satisfied
13%
Very Satisfied
Neutral
Very Dissatisfied

47%

37%

A total of 84% of respondents were either satisfied or very satisfied with the Oracle
software implementation. This shows that the transition was managed effectively, although
there remains a small portion (16%) that expressed neutrality or dissatisfaction, indicating
potential areas for improvement in the process.

5.2 Employee Training

How well were you trained to use

the new Oracle software?
3%
7%

7% Well
Very Well
Adequately
Poorly
50% Very Poorly

33%

While 83% of respondents felt well-trained for the new system, a notable 17% indicated
that training was either adequate or poor. This suggests the need for targeted training
initiatives to ensure all employees feel adequately prepared to use the software.

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5.3 Challenges Faced During Implementation

Were there any significant chal-

lenges during the implementation
phase?

20%

80%

No Yes

What challenges do you currently

face while using the new Oracle
software?
6%
Technical Issues

24% 35% Lack of Training

Integration Issues

Lack of Training, User Inter-

face Problems

35%

With 80% reporting no challenges, it’s evident that most respondents had a smooth
experience. However, the 20% who faced challenges, such as technical issues or lack of
communication, highlight areas where additional support or improvements could be
beneficial. Besides, field workers often face challenges while using the new oracle ERP
software as they do not get enough time to get trained and getting IT support at any time.
Also, if the IT team makes any changes in the new oracle ERP software without informing
the finance team, this creates significant challenge for the users to function.

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5.4 User-Friendliness of Oracle Software

How user-friendly do you find the

new Oracle software?

User-Friendly
3%
17% Very User-Friendly
Neutral
Not User-Friendly

57%
23%

The majority (80%) found the software user-friendly, but the 17% neutral responses and
3% dissatisfaction suggest that some users may find certain features less intuitive. There is
an opportunity to make the interface more user-friendly for all users.

5.5 Effectiveness in Improving Data Accuracy

How effective is the new software

in improving data accuracy?

25%
Effective
Very Effective
Neutral
50%

25%

An overwhelming 75% of respondents found the software effective or very effective in

improving data accuracy, which underscores the positive impact of Oracle on financial
data management. The 25% neutral feedback indicates that some users may need further
system understanding or training.

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5.6 Efficiency of Financial Operations

Has the new Oracle software

improved the efficiency of fi-
nancial operations?
3%
10% Improved
Significantly Improved
No Change
Significantly Worsened

30% 57%

About 87% of respondents reported improvements in financial operations, with 30%

noticing significant improvements. The 13% who reported no change or worsening
performance may indicate system-related issues or areas where further optimization is
required.

5.7 Overall Satisfaction with Oracle Software

How user-friendly do you find the

new Oracle software?

User-Friendly
3%
17% Very User-Friendly
Neutral
Not User-Friendly

57%
23%

A total of 80% of respondents were satisfied with the software, but 17% neutral and 3%
dissatisfied responses suggest that some employees may still face challenges or unmet
expectations. Addressing their concerns could lead to higher overall satisfaction.

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5.8 Recommendation to Other Departments or Companies
Would you recommend the new Oracle
software to other departments or
companies?

No
17%
Yes
No

Yes
83%

With 83% of respondents willing to recommend the software, this reflects strong
confidence in Oracle’s effectiveness. The 17% who would not recommend it indicate areas
where the user experience can be improved, particularly through more customization or
better training.

5.9 Comparative Trend Analysis of Akij Bkers Ltd (2020–2023)

This comparative analysis examines the financial trends of Akij Bkers Ltd. over three
consecutive years 2020, 2021, and 2023. This analysis reviews key financial trends of Akij
Bkers Ltd. over three years (2020–2023), highlighting changes in revenue, profitability,
liquidity, solvency, and cash flow.

5.9.1 Revenue and Profitability Trends

Revenue: Grew from BDT 4.86 billion in 2020 to BDT 6.14 billion in 2021 (+26.23%)
and surged to BDT 10.77 billion in 2023 (+42.6%).

Gross Profit: Increased steadily, reflecting efficient cost control. In 2023, gross profit rose
by 19.3%, supported by improved production management.

Net Profit: Though net margins slightly dipped in 2021 due to rising expenses, profits
nearly doubled by 2023 (+89.8%), showcasing substantial profitability growth.

58 | P a g e
5.9.2 Liquidity Trends
2020–2021: Liquidity weakened, with current and quick ratios falling as liabilities rose by
60.16%.

2023: Significant improvement, as current assets increased by 187%, and cash reserves
grew by 239%, restoring a strong liquidity position.

5.9.3 Solvency Trends

Debt-to-Equity Ratio: Improved from 0.72 in 2020 to 0.57 in 2021. By 2023, equity
increased by 17%, and the company reduced its reliance on debt, strengthening its
solvency.

Cash Flow Trends

2020–2021: Cash flow from operations declined (-26.59%) due to higher expenses.

2023: Cash flow rebounded, increasing tenfold, driven by strong operational performance.
A focus on debt repayment reduced cash flow from financing activities.

Shareholders' Equity Trends

2020–2023: Equity steadily increased due to retained earnings growth. In 2023, equity
rose by 17%, reflecting the company’s strategy to reinvest profits for growth.

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 Chapter: Five

SWOT Analysis of Akij Bakers Limited

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The SWOT analysis of Akij Bakers Limited provides a strategic evaluation of the
company's internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats.
By analyzing these factors, the company can better understand its position in the
competitive market and identify areas for growth and improvement. This analysis is
essential for guiding decision-making and formulating strategies to enhance financial
performance and operational efficiency.

5.1 Strengths
 Strong Brand Reputation: Akij Bakers Limited is part of the renowned Akij
Group, which has a strong reputation and brand loyalty in the market.
 Diverse Product Range: The Company offers a wide variety of bakery products
catering to different customer preferences.
 Efficient Supply Chain: With a well-established supply chain network, Akij
Bakers ensures timely distribution of products across different regions.
 High-Quality Standards: Strong internal financial controls and regular audits
help ensure accuracy in financial reporting and reduce the risk of fraud. These
controls contribute to reliable financial statements and compliance with
regulatory standards.

5.2 Weaknesses

 High Operating Costs: Due to the cost of maintaining quality standards and wide
distribution, the company faces high operating expenses.
 Limited International Presence: Akij Bakers has a limited presence in international
markets, which restricts its global growth potential.
 Dependency on Local Market: The Company heavily relies on the local market for
sales, which makes it vulnerable to economic fluctuations within the country.
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5.3 Opportunities

 Expanding to International Markets: There is significant potential for Akij Bakers

to expand its operations into international markets and diversify its customer base.
 Increasing Health-Conscious Products: With rising consumer demand for healthy
and organic food options, Akij Bakers can capitalize on this trend by introducing
health-conscious bakery products.
 E-commerce Growth: The growing trend of online shopping presents opportunities
for the company to expand its digital sales channels and reach a broader audience.

5.4 Threats

 Intense Market Competition: The bakery industry is highly competitive, with

numerous local and international brands offering similar products, putting pressure
on market share.
 Rising Raw Material Costs: Fluctuations in the prices of raw materials such as
flour, sugar, and oils could impact profit margins.
 Regulatory Changes: Changes in food safety regulations and tax policies could
increase compliance costs and affect overall profitability.

The SWOT analysis reveals that Akij Bakers Limited has solid strengths, particularly in its
brand recognition, product diversity, and quality standards. However, to maintain a
competitive edge, the company must address its weaknesses, such as high operating costs
and limited international presence. By seizing opportunities in global expansion, health-
conscious products, and e-commerce, Akij Bakers can enhance its growth potential.

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 Chapter: Six

Findings, Recommendations, Conclusion

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6.1 Findings
The analysis of Akij Bakers Limited's financial performance, along with the prospects and
challenges of using the newly implemented Oracle ERP software, provides a
comprehensive understanding of the company’s operations and financial health.

6.1.1 Financial Performance:

 Akij Bakers Limited has experienced steady revenue growth due to strong market
demand and brand presence in Bangladesh.
 The company maintains a strong liquidity position, as reflected by favorable
current and quick ratios, enabling it to meet short-term obligations.
 The company efficiently utilizes its assets, with a solid asset turnover ratio
demonstrating its ability to generate sales from its investments.
 However, high operating costs in production and distribution have negatively
impacted profitability, driven by the need for quality raw materials and modern
production facilities.
 Akij Bakers’ focus remains predominantly on the domestic market, limiting its
international expansion potential. This represents a key area of untapped
opportunity.
 The company faces stiff competition, which forces innovation and high product
quality, but restricts the ability to increase prices and widen profit margins.

6.1.2 ERP Implementation:

Pros:
 Enhanced Data Accuracy: 90% of respondents reported improved data accuracy,
streamlining financial reporting and reducing errors.
 Improved Operational Efficiency: 86% found the Oracle ERP system to
significantly expedite financial processes, boosting productivity through task
automation.
 Scalability: Oracle ERP offers flexibility, capable of handling increased transaction
volumes as the company grows.
 Security and Compliance: The robust security features of Oracle ERP, such as
encryption and access controls, ensure compliance with financial regulations.

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Challenges:
 Training Gaps: 17% of employees, particularly field workers, struggled with
limited training and IT support.
 Integration Issues: 13% reported difficulties integrating Oracle ERP with legacy
systems, hindering smooth workflow transitions.
 High Implementation Costs: Initial setup and ongoing maintenance costs were a
concern, as is common with ERP systems.
 Complex Reporting System: Some users expressed dissatisfaction with the
complexity of generating detailed reports, calling for further customization and
simplification.

6.2 Recommendations

To improve financial performance and address the challenges identified in this report, the
following actions are recommended for Akij Bakers Limited:

 Implement Cost Control Measures: Review and optimize production and

distribution processes to reduce high operating costs. This includes renegotiating
supplier contracts and improving the efficiency of raw material usage and energy
consumption.
 Diversify Product Range: Introduce healthier options, such as whole grain and
organic products, to meet growing consumer demand for health-conscious food
items. This will also help expand the company’s customer base.
 Explore International Expansion: Begin exploring international markets through
small-scale exports and partnerships with local distributors. This will reduce
dependence on the domestic market and create opportunities for revenue growth.
 Strengthen Digital Marketing and E-Commerce: Enhance the company’s digital
marketing efforts to reach a wider audience, particularly younger consumers.
Invest in e-commerce capabilities to boost online sales and offer a seamless
shopping experience.
 Optimize Supply Chain Management: Utilize advanced supply chain tools and data
analytics to better manage inventory, improve demand forecasting, and streamline
logistics, reducing overall costs and improving operational efficiency.
 Enhance Employee Training: Provide ongoing training to employees, particularly
in using the Oracle ERP system, to ensure they can fully utilize the software's

65 | P a g e
 capabilities and improve operational efficiency.
 Improve ERP Integration and Usability: Address integration challenges and
customize the Oracle ERP system to align better with the company’s unique
workflows. Simplify the user interface and reporting tools to enhance usability and
accuracy.
 Leverage Customer Feedback: Regularly gather and analyze customer feedback to
adapt product offerings and improve service quality, ensuring the company remains
responsive to changing consumer preferences.

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6.3 Conclusion
This report on Akij Bakers Limited provides a holistic analysis of the company’s financial
health and the prospects of Oracle ERP software. The company has maintained strong
revenue growth, a solid liquidity position, and efficient asset utilization, but it faces
challenges in controlling high operating costs and expanding its international presence.
The implementation of Oracle ERP has brought significant improvements in data
accuracy, operational efficiency, and scalability. However, challenges such as training
gaps, system integration issues, and high costs have been noted. By addressing these
issues and implementing the strategic recommendations such as expanding product
offerings, exploring international markets, and optimizing ERP usage Akij Bakers can
enhance its financial performance and operational efficiency. Overall, my internship
experience at Akij Bakers Limited has been a valuable opportunity to apply academic
knowledge in a practical setting. It has enhanced my technical expertise in financial
software and corporate financial analysis while providing insight into the company’s
operations. The lessons learned during this internship will be instrumental as I pursue a
career in finance and accounting, and I am confident that Akij Bakers can continue to
thrive by leveraging its strengths and addressing its challenges for sustainable growth.

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