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CHAPTER II
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PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
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This chapter contains the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data
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in order to provide answers to the given specific statement in the study.
The study is entitled Learners' Social Media Usage and Time Management,
and it involved forty-eight (48) Junior High School students of St. Therese School
of Tagbilaran.
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Table 1. Distribution of Respondents According to Their Age
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AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
16 3 6.3%
15 7 14.6%
14 10 20.8%
13 18 37.5%
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12 10 20.8%
TOTAL 48 100%
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Table 1.1 displays the distribution of respondents according to their age.
Notably, the age group in the study aligns with a research from Pew Research
Center entitled, "Teens, Social Media and Technology" (2022). The survey in the
study indicates that teenagers ages 13 to 17 are frequent social media users.
Among the respondents, the largest group, comprising 18 individuals or 38% of
the total sample, is aged 13. Following this, there are 3 respondents aged 16 while
7 respondents aged 15 represent 14.6% of the total sample population.
Additionally, 10 respondents each are aged 14 and 12, constituting 20.8% of the
sample for each age group. This distribution provides insight into the age
demographics of the respondents participating in the study.
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Table 2. Distribution of Respondents According to Sex
SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Male 21 44%
Female 27 56%
TOTAL 48 100%
Table 1.2 shows the distribution of respondents according to their sex.
Notably, the sex group in the study aligns with a recent BMC Public Health
research study (2022) that indicates that compared to men, who typically spend
more time gaming, women utilize social media and communicate with friends more
frequently. Furthermore, compared to boys, girls upload more diverse kinds of
selfies, apply filters, edit, and remove posts more regularly, while boys update their
profiles more frequently with information about sports and technology.
Table 3. Distribution of Respondents According to Grade Level
GRADE LEVEL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
10 5 10%
9 8 17%
8 10 21%
7 25 52%
TOTAL 48 100%
Table 1.3 presents the distribution of respondents according to their grade
level. Notably, the population in this study that consists of junior high school
students, aligns with a study from a Journal of Education and Practice entitled "Use
of Social Media and its Impact on Academic Performance of Tertiary Institution
Students: A Study of Students of Koforidua Polytechnic, Ghana", (2015) which
states in their study that 100% of the high school population have social media
usage. The grade level table in this study could very well be a basis for future
researchers and be of benefit in their studies since data shows that the
respondents from each grade level are 10% in grade 10, 17% in grade 9, 21% in
grade 8, and 52% of the respondents come from grade 7.
Table 4. Respondents Social Media Platforms Frequently Used
Social Media Platforms No. of User-Respondents Percentage
Facebook Messenger 46 96%
Facebook 44 92%
YouTube 42 88%
TikTok 34 71%
Instagram 30 63%
X 18 38%
Discord 14 29%
Snapchat 8 17%
Mobile Legends 7 15%
Telegram 6 13%
Roblox 5 10%
WhatsApp 3 6%
Spotify 2 4%
Minecraft 2 4%
8 Ball Pool 2 4%
Call of Duty 2 4%
Twitch 1 2%
Clash of Clans 1 2%
Table 1.4 exhibits the distribution of respondents according to their most
used social media platforms. In this study, the respondents were expected to use
more than one social media platform. Notably, the most used social media platform
in the study aligns with the 2016 BMC research study which indicates that 80 out
of 100 students in the United States have used Facebook.
The table displays a wide range of social media apps and platforms, with
messaging services like Facebook Messenger and Facebook leading among
respondents, highlighting the general use of communication tools. YouTube's high
user-respondent rate underscores the enduring popularity of video content
consumption. TikTok's significant presence reflects the rising trend of short-form
video platforms capturing a broad audience. Instagram remains a favorite for visual
content sharing. Discord, Snapchat, and Telegram show the importance of varied
social interactions. Additionally, gaming platforms like Mobile Legends, Roblox,
Minecraft, 8 Ball Pool, and Clash of Clans are recognized as social platforms due
to their integration of social features, contributing to the diverse range of online
activities and interests observed among users.
Table 5. Respondents Level of Social Media Usage
Number of Hours Interpretation Frequency Percentage
Spent on a
Weekly Basis
22-above Extreme 25 52.1%
15-21 High 6 12.5%
8-14 Above Average 11 22.9%
1-7 Average 6 12,5%
0 No Use 0 0%
Average number of hours 61.38
Interpretation Extreme
Table 2 displays the distribution of respondents according to their social
media usage. The data reveals a diverse range of social media usage patterns,
with 52% of respondents classified as extreme users, indicating a significant
investment of time on online platforms. This group is followed by 13% categorized
as high users, demonstrating important but slightly lower engagement.
Furthermore, 23% fall into the above-average usage category, while 13% are
classified as average users, spending a moderate amount of time on social media.
Notably, no respondents reported zero usage, highlighting the pervasive presence
of social media in the lives of the surveyed population across varying degrees of
engagement.
Notably, the group of social media users according to the study aligns also
with a study from ResearchGate entitled "Influence of Students' Spent Time on
Social Media on Academic Performance of Science Education Students" by Orji
(2022). The majority of students, according to the study's findings, spend 5 hours
a day on average, on social media. Also, it was discovered that 52% of students
use Facebook and WhatsApp more than any other social media platform.
Additionally, it shows that the more time a learner spends on social media, the
lower their overall academic performance. This distribution provides insight into
the demographics of the respondents participating in the study in terms of social
media usage.
Table 6. Respondents Level of Time Management
Level of Time Frequency Percentage
Management
Integration of Social Media 4 8%
with Productivity
Implementation of 31 65%
Boundaries and
Moderation
Recognition of Impact 12 25%
Unaware and Uncontrolled 1 2%
Usage
TOTAL 48 100%
Table 3 displays the distribution of respondents according to their level of
time management. The levels of time management were taken from the study
entitled "Quantifying the Impact: Investigating Time Management Techniques on
Academic Performance among Working Students" from the University of Visayas
(Tarol, Salamanca). Unaware and have Uncontrolled Usage, students at this level
are heavily impacted by social media, often spending excessive amounts of time
on platforms without realizing its effect on their time management skills. They may
find themselves constantly distracted by notifications and updates, leading to poor
prioritization of tasks and procrastination. The result of the study states that only
2% of the respondents are visible in this level.
Recognizing the Impact, the study indicates that at this level, students start
to recognize how social media affects their time management. They may notice
that they're spending more time on social media than they intended, and it's
interfering with their ability to focus on academics or other responsibilities.
However, they may struggle to implement effective strategies to address this issue.
The study shows that 25% of respondents are visible at this level.
Implementing Boundaries and Moderation, students actively take steps to
manage their social media usage. They set limits on the amount of time they spend
on platforms, use features like app timers or website blockers to minimize
distractions, and establish designated periods for studying or other tasks without
social media interruptions. They begin to prioritize their responsibilities over social
media, though they may still face occasional challenges maintaining consistency.
The study indicates that 65% of respondents are visible at this level of the study.
Integrating Social Media with Productivity at this level, students have
mastered the balance between social media and effective time management. They
use social media as a tool for enhancing productivity rather than a source of
distraction. This may involve strategies such as using social media for networking,
finding educational resources, or participating in relevant academic or professional
communities while still maintaining strict boundaries to avoid excessive use. They
have a clear understanding of when and how to engage with social media to
support their goals without compromising their time management skills. In this
study, it shows that only 8% of the total respondents are visible at this level.
Table 7. Correlation Between Learners Social Media Usage and Time
Management
Variables Mean Standard Spearman Probability Interpreta Decisio
Deviation Correlation (p) value tion n
Social
Media 2.73 0.41
Usage Accept
0.116 .0446 Insignific the Null
Time ant Hypoth
Managem 61.38 94.89 esis
ent
This table shows the mean values of 2.73 for Social Media Usage and 61.38
for Time Management represent the average levels reported by respondents. The
standard deviation measures the variability around these means, with a higher
deviation for Time Management (94.89) compared to Social Media Usage (0.41),
indicating more diverse responses in time management practices. The Spearman
correlation coefficient of 0.116 suggests a weak positive relationship between
Social Media Usage and Time Management, implying that higher social media
engagement might be associated with slightly better time management skills. This
table shows that the p-value of 0.446 is greater than 0.05 which suggests that the
researchers shall retain the null hypothesis. Thus, there is no significant correlation
between learners' social media usage and their time management. It suggests that
the amount of time spent on social media doesn't necessarily impact how
effectively students manage their time. In other words, using social media more or
less doesn't seem to affect how well learners organize and prioritize their time-
related activities.
