EL 120: CHAPTER 2
K-12 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK
- K-12 CURRICULUM - The program aims to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and
skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills
development, employment, and entrepreneurship.
PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES OF AN EFFECTIVE LANGUAGE ARTS AND
MULTILITERACIES CURRICULUM
PHILOSOPHY AND RATIONALE
LANGUAGE
- Foundation of all human relationships.
- Basis of all communication and the primary instrument of thought. Thinking, learning, and
language are interrelated.
- Defines culture which is essential in understanding oneself, forming interpersonal
relationships, extending experiences, reflecting on thought and action, and contributing to a
better society.
- Language is central to the peoples’ intellectual, social, and emotional development and has an
essential role in all key learning areas.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
- All languages are interrelated and interdependent.
- Language acquisition and learning is an active process that begins at birth and continues
throughout life.
- Learning requires meaning.
- Learners learn about language and how to use it effectively through their engagement with and
study of texts.
- Successful language learning involves viewing, listening, speaking, reading, and writing
activities
LANGUAGE ARTS
- Language arts is an interdisciplinary field of study that combines the elements of reading,
writing, speaking, and listening.
- It encompasses the mastery of grammar, mechanics, and usage, as well as the development
of critical thinking skills and an appreciation for literature.
- also referred to as "language and literature" or "language and communication"
- It is a very important area in the education curriculum in which a range of skills are taught to
students for them to become proficient in using the language.
MULTILITERACIES
- Multiliteracy is the ability to identify, interpret, create, and communicate meaning across a
variety of visual, oral, corporal, musical and alphabetical forms of communication.
- These include traditional literacy practices using texts as well as new
- literacy practices using texts of popular culture such as films. Social literacy
encompasses how
- we communicate and exchange meaning in our society while professional literacy
links with the
- notion of literacy for school of the workplace
- These include traditional literacy practices using texts as well as new
- literacy practices using texts of popular culture such as films. Social literacy
encompasses how
- we communicate and exchange meaning in our society while professional literacy
links with the
- notion of literacy for school of the workplace
- These include traditional literacy practices using texts as well as new
- literacy practices using texts of popular culture such as films. Social literacy
encompasses how
- we communicate and exchange meaning in our society while professional literacy
links with the
- notion of literacy for school of the workplace
- These include traditional literacy practices using texts as well as new
- literacy practices using texts of popular culture such as films. Social literacy
encompasses how
- we communicate and exchange meaning in our society while professional literacy
links with the
- notion of literacy for school of the workplac
- These include traditional literacy practices using texts as well as new literacy practices using
text of popular culture such as films.
- Social literacy encompasses how we communicate and exchange meaning in our society while
professional literacy links with the notion of literacy for school of the workplace.
- he curriculum aims to help learners acquire highly-developed literacy skills that
enable
- them to understand that English language is the most widely used medium of
communication in
- Trade and the Arts, Sciences, Mathematics, and in world economy
- The curriculum aims to help learners acquire highly-developed literacy skills that enable them
to understand that English language ins the most widely used medium of communication in
Trade and the Arts, Sciences, Mathematics, and in world economy.
PRINCIPLES OF AN EFFECTIVE LANGUAGE ARTS AND MULTILITERACIES
CURRICULUM
1. Student-centered learning should be the primary focus of an effective language arts and
multiliteracies curriculum.
2. Inquiry based approaches should also be incorporated into the curriculum.
3. The integration of multiple literacies should also be a focus of an effective language arts and
multiliteracies curriculum.
4. Should emphasize the development of critical thinking, writing, and speaking skills.
GUIDELINES TO CONSIDER WHEN DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE LANGUAGE ARTS AND
MULTILITERACIES CURRICULUM
1. Ensure that the curriculum is comprehensive and covers the foundational elements of
language studies, such as reading, writing, speaking, listening, viewing, and representing.
2. Create a curriculum that is tailored to diverse learners, as well as their particular background
and interests.
3. Incorporate digital resources and technology in order to enhance student engagement and
provide a more comprehensive language learning experience.
4. Incorporate real-world contexts into the curriculum, such as business communication, creative
writing, and media literacy
5. Encourage critical thinking and problem-solving by having students apply their language skills
to real-world scenarios.
6. Make language arts and multiliteracies engaging and fun by incorporating activities that
involve collaboration and creativity.
7. Incorporate assessment tools that focus on the progress and success of individual students.
WHY ARE THE PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES OF AN EFFECTIVE LANGUAGE ARTS
AND MULTILITERACIES CURRICULUM IMPORTANT?
- They provide a framework for creating meaningful and relevant language arts and literacy
learning experiences for students.
- They ensure that instruction is purposeful and that it is tied to real-world uses of language and
literacy.
- They ensure that instruction is equitable and that all students have access to learning
experiences that are appropriately challenging and engaging.
- They provide teachers with a means for developing meaningful assessments that measure
student progress and growth in the language arts and literacy skills.
- They provide a valuable resource for teachers to use in implementing a strong and effective
language arts and literacy program.
OUTCOMES OF THE K-12 ENGLISH CURRICULUM
COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
Communicative Competence is a synthesis of knowledge of basic grammatical principles, knowledge
of how language is used in social settings to perform communicative functions, and how knowledge of
utterances and communicative functions can be combined according to the principles of discourse.
Canale and Swain's Model of Communicative Competence
In "Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches to Second Language Teaching and Testing"
(Applied Linguistics, 1980 as cited from Nordquist, 2020), Michael Canale and Merrill Swain identified
these four components of communicative competence.
GRAMMARICAL/LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE - The acquisition of phonological rules,
morphological words, syntactic rules, semantic rules and lexical items.
SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPETENCE - Refers to the learning of pragmatic aspects of
various speech acts, namely, the cultural values, norms, and other socio-cultural
conventions in social contexts.
DISCOURSE COMPETENCE - Knowledge of rules regarding the cohesion (grammatical
links) and coherence (appropriate combination of communicative actions) of various types
of discourse (oral and written).
STRATEGIC COMPETENCE - Knowledge of verbal and non-verbal strategies to
compensate for breakdown such as self-correction and at the same time to enhance the
effectiveness of communication.
The table illustrates how each communicative area contributes to communicative competence (Communicative
Competence, n.d.).
