Meet Our Three Languages
Module 1: Lesson 5
Fundamentals of Web
Development
Daniel Krieglstein PhD
“Client Side” Technologies
HTML
Structure and Content
CSS
Presentation and Style
JavaScript
Behavior
HTML
HyperText Markup Language
Invented by Tim Berners-Lee (Early 1990’s)
Content, Structure, and Semantic Meaning
How search engine bots read your website (SEO)
We are on HTML version 5: specifications
Since October 2014
HTML Versions
HTML Tags – Informal CERN document, October 1991
HTML 1.1 – First draft, November 1992
HTML 2.0 – Published as IETF RFC 1866, November 1995
HTML 3.2 – Published as W3C recommendation, January 1997
HTML 4.0 – Published December 1997; reissued in April 1998
HTML 4.1 – Published December 1999
XHTML 1.0 – Published January 2000; revised in April 2002
XHTML 1.1 – Published May 2001 and based on XHTML 1.0 Strict
XHTML 2.0 – Working draft was abandoned in 2009 in favor of HTML5
HTML 5 – Published as W3C recommendation, October 28, 2014
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets
Descriptive content
Presentation, Style, Layout, and Positioning.
“Decorates” your html tags
Separation of content and presentation
NO STYLE IN YOUR HTML!
Color, font, position, boarders, line spacing…all done in CSS
Don’t user <br> or <hr> to create a line break.
CSS Versions
CSS 1 – Not the standard: competed with others: 1996
CSS 2 – Published as a recommendation May 1998
CSS 2.1 – Published as a recommendation June 2011
Single large specification
CSS 3 – Current standard
Slow and progressive rollout and expansion of CSS
Divided into several separate documents called "modules"
Earliest CSS 3 drafts were June 1999
2018 saw the largest rollout of modules
JavaScript
JavaScript – ECMA compliant, Object-Oriented language
Behavioral layer of your website.
JavaScript is a programming language.
It is capable of the following…
Moving things around the screen
Manipulating HTML tags and CSS rules
Implementing cool browser APIs like location and local storage
And much more...
JavaScript Versions
Originally developed by Brendan Eich at Netscape (1995)
Development code name “Mocha”, then LiveScript
Launched as JavaScript with Netscape Navigator 2
Marketing ploy to ride popularity of “Java” language
November 1996 – Netscape submitted JavaScript to ECMA
International to be considered a standard.
June 1997 – ECMA International published the ECMA-262, version 1.
JS Version = ECMA+Current Year
ECMA 2015; ECMA 2016; ECMA 2026; ECMA 2029; etc..
Server Side/ Backend Code
Just a powerful computer with a lot of processors and RAM
Listens for HTTP requests and serves responses to clients
To set up a server, we must have 3 things:
1. Static IP Address / constant internet connection
2. Domain Name mapped to the static IP address
3. Apache, IIS, or other web server software
Fin
Module 1: Lesson 5
