; | | maurana Azad janonar insUtUtE OF LecnnoIwgy Bhopar Department of Mechanical Engineering _ME 211 Engineering Thermodynamics +a 7 Ss 1] Air flows steadily at the rate of 0.5 kgs. g | through an air compressor, | entering at 7 m's wotoaty, 100 KPa pressure, and 0.95 113/ka volume, | leaving at Sms, 00 KPa, and 0.19) 5.90 AD Ro orwater than thal of ering, Cooling water 1n the tS absorbs heat from the rate of SS KY, (a) the rate of diameter 122 iw 1.9 ovk is done by each kg of i. The specific volume of the Nuid, nd velocity at the inlet are m3 kg, 800 kPa, and 16 m/s. The 32 m above the floor, and the floor level. The discharge conditions are 0.62 m3/kg, 100 kPa, 0 m/s. The total heat loss. between the inlet and discharge is 9 | 13 kg of fluid ic internal energy increase or | decrease, and by how much? Ans: 20.136 kJ. input to the aie a KW, (b) Find the ‘of the inlet pipe diameter to outlet ae ie Be dd. evs Section; M3 Uy tdo Balke k Vy = seo kPa Prepared ‘Dr: Ravind: re SPER te? an, (te nent eagad _ = db y Oy (wenvetetinn Tilte, d ae wof(te wt crear" ska J; a ee om [ie up ree lab wai 20 § [90% (Toemevetors o we denen uf age) gt { ri( weenie a7) '. de. + (ucepar ty stot) et ade A (ut passe ye) rea? Be tS 38 dg rer oe aww) H(A its , iss | | oe PEE sis ribon vent 230" ee ae St Cytizd= 20 ESky ie —28bg2 yous ~} in esteem power saben, steam Mow | steadily through a 0.2 m « pipeline from the boiler to the At the boiler end, the steam 3213.6 ba/kg, and v = 0,073 m3jkg. At the turbine end, the conditions are found to be: p = 3.5 MPa, t = 392°C, h = 3202.6 ki/kg, and v = 0.084 m3/kg, There ts a heat loss of 8.5 akg sm the pipeline. Calculate the steam ns are found to be: p = 4 MPa, t ; c 8 oe (ee ht cea =A tet po ASL) a ro Ai = Ante wh spee cr a) Ke Orem —rrer2Bhorn hyo Mery sagem Gt26sr L “y thie ie ody that Bao oe ee BUG a “eauetel - $50" ye SPV ile & Ot BxoR GE + REIS g onson Maulana Azaa watuional Insitute oF 1ecnoIogy Bhopal ‘| Department of Mechanical Engineering IE 211 Engineering Thermodynamics Section: M3 Tutorial: Unit 2 Part 2 Aeertain water | heater operates under steady flow Conditions receiving 4.2 kg/s of water at 75°C temperature, enthalpy 313.93 WN/kg. The water is heated by mixing with steam which is supplied to the heater at temperature 100.2°C and enthalpy 2676 1/kg. ‘The mixture leaves the heater as liquid water at temperature 100°C and enthalpy 419 ki/kg. How much steam must be supplied to the heater per hour? Ans: 705 kg/h through a heat exchabger at a velocity of 30 m/s Where its temperature is raised to 800°C. It then enters a turbine with the same velocity of 30 m/s and expands until the temperature falls to 650°C, On leaving the turbine, the air is taken at a velocity of 60 m/s to a nozzle where it expands until the temperature has fallen to 500°C. If the air flow rate is 2 kg/s, calculate (a) the rate of heat transfer to the air in the heat exchanger, (b) the power output from the turbine assuming no heat loss, and (c) the velocity at exit from the nozzle, assuming no heat loss. Take the enthalpy of air ash cpt, vihere cp is the specific heat equal to 4.005 kJ/kg K and t is the temperature. Ans: 1580 k3/s, 298.8 kW, 554 m/s Air at a temperature ‘ 15°C passesmaurana Azaa National institute OF 1 ecnno‘ogy wnopat Department of Mechanical Engineering Section: M3 ae" ‘1n.a gas turbine the gas enters at the tale of 5 ka/s with a velocity Of 50 n1/6 and enthalpy of 900 kI/ka and leaves the turbine with a velocity of 150 m/s and enthalpy of 400 kI/kq. The loss of heat from the gases to the sroundings is 25 K1/ky, Assume for 0.285 LY/ka K and cp» 1,004 gas AY kak | and the inlet conditions to be at 100 | kPa and 278C. Deterinine the powver autput of the turbine and the diameter of the inlet, pipe, ‘The air speed of a turbojet engine in | Might is 270 m/s. Ambient air | temperature is 15°C. Gas | temperature of outlet of nozzle is * | 600°C. Corresponding | enthalpy values for air and gas are | respectively 260 and 912 kd/kg. Fuel-air | ratio is 0.0190. Chemical energy of the fuel is 44.5 MJ/kg. Owing to incomplete combustion 5% of the chemical energy 's not released in the reaction. Heat loss from the engine is 21 ki/kg of air. Calculate the velocity of the exhaust jet. ‘Ans: 560 m/s «| N and consumes a power of 15 kW, The miet and outlet velocities of air are 300 m/s and 150 m/s respectively. Find the exit air temperature, assuming adiabatic conditions. Take cp of air is, | TOOSTITG-F Ans. 28.38°C ME 211 Engineering Thermodynamics Tutorial: Unit 2 Part 2 walle ! ob yr bet? ) cv seqors me har o> - “Ch sos 7g Tris _ ry (hy? \+0 05 * mf te yma? ils 20uY oy bres pretneley +( con gaya o 0le4S | G4. a roun(ort 5 00 i pote, po a QGo4 BUS TRGS Sem Wy ~ G2gILT Greer LWIA V2045= BI gh eee | 6 54a) a __.) = uy eo 493 [vrs] =A Pernt Se) : Sete ees sy bo afer tues seein seis L «Cie aa tsonle poor qos teases Madee (RE epttete ae “yz lst. povs(ge- Th) Sanell % mn Nels 78maurana Azao National {nstitute OF FecrnoIogy BNOpAl Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 211 Engineering Thermodynamics Section: M3 Tutorial: Unit 2 Part 2 A turbine operates under steady flow conditions, receiving steam at the following state: pressure 1.2 MPa, temperature 188°C, enthalpy 2785 ki/ka, velocity and elevation 3m. The steam es the turbine at the following, a d has 25h kal hy, (a= \vornfe | pressure 20 kPa, enthalpy 2512 kya, | TF” t O2nkW Za sO Mm ‘elocty 100s, and elevation Om Hest Ag (ma ab = 2 weet S is lost to the surroundings at the rate of 0.29 Ws. Ir the rate of steam Nowe . through the turbine is 0:12 kg/s, what is se, 8 (arb bby ge] = the power output of the turbine in ria 2 eee) ans ot oun [aera Bo ‘eis wo Saale] Ans, 112.51 kW te Tess te my dee niast kw A nozale is a device for increasing the velocity of a steadily flowing stream. At the inlet to-a certain nozzle, the ees | enthalpy of the Muid passing is 3000 0 © | Kiikg and _Sevelocty 60 mis Ate dcharse | EV eer end, the enthalpy is 2762 ki/kg. The h ales nozzle is horizontal and there 2A | recitation) Paine | P2300 KAM | ha 296K | velocity C1 Gare Gast. | at exict from the nozzle. (b) If the inlet, ‘area 16 0.1 m2 and the specific volume stnieisarer mala imotemm | AP ya(hrtL- ) ot bm(ns Se ) flow rate. (c) If the specific volume at 3 ok th alt LK dw at orale exits 0.498 m3/kg ind the ext AR lbut >) 2 ext (hit Sp ) area of the nozzle 1 ak ‘Ans. (a) 692.5 m/s, (b) 32.08 kg/s. Wok -R+e | (0023 m2 uN 2650maurana Azaq ational institute OF ecnnoIogy tsnopal Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 211 Engineering Thermodynamics Section: M3 through a bundle of metal tubes. submerged ina steady stream of cooling water. Under steady flow conditions, the oll enters at 20°C and leaves at 30°C, 11] in anol cooler, ait flows steadily, awhile the water enters at 25°C and \7 | leaves at | ‘O°C. The enthalpy of oil at °C is given wale, | | by “Taz WHE | 1.68 t4 10.5 10-412 KY/ko hat is the cdoling water flow required cooling 2.78 ka/s of oll? Ans. 1.47 kg/s he host lo-Smto'd Ky 12 | A turbo compressor dalivers 2.33 mays at 0.276 MPa, 43°C which is heated | ressure to 430°C and finally nded in 2 turbine which delivers 1$60 kW. During the expansion, there is 2 heat transfer of 0.09 MU/s to the eo surroundings. Calculate the turbine | exhaust temperature if changes in v 42 2% | kinetic 3) IP g7438e 2nd potential energy are negligible. Var 23900" [+ nl ‘Ans. 157°C. Puce: 2a6 Mpa | Py = 0-276 erage Aivfonew, .heade i Lenyeraem: ro hatet?)) “cope pa = 29623? | HE, mm[haeore) Berm RU 2 B9 FBS» ie Tg = d+ (rcp (Ta) 4 Pe a sl, (| m= 709 ky, L902 360 TTA L | a got Tedn 1 o7s* 43) 1 ¢ Solus: Question 14 Bolete Eeseene Aron + Pima (wig aeF =a | (rages gk ren( ure) Yny 23 2 gil = 248 ys W224 Mater = z m har ha ene Pass [aba Peake 4) tq his 6gti + 18-5410 uv a8 (hichad = Mypabee® Parte (OT) haz be 68x90 -Flo-Sxto! (99) hic =D ater = tas “G 2. baz 1 68%32+ [0-5 4194(30)inane a naetin e2e Maulana Azad Wational insuTUCe OF 1ecHnoIogy BNOpa! Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 211 Engineering Thermodynamics 2 reciprocating air compressor takes in 2 m3/mun at 0.11 MPa, 20°C which it delivers at 1.5 MPa, 111°C to an aftercooler where the ai is cooled at | constant | pressure to 25°C. The power absorbed | by the compressor is 4.15 KW. Determine the ransfer in (a) the compressor, ) the cooler. State your Section: M3 Tutorial: Unit 2 Part 2 pp LSM ps Ta ite a Vz ary | assur phons. Ans. 0,17 k)/s, | 3.7643, Piz 0d hope anal bthey Hay Peemety | Raat fe Jefenrabeee wie PY aa Co cep 2637G@49> rye 0436 legs F cooling tower air enters at @ of 1 m above the ground level t 2 height of 7 m. The inlet velocities ere 20 m/s and espectively. Water enters at a of Em and leaves at a height of m. The velocity of water at entry and exit are 3 m/s and 1 m/s respectively temperatures are 80°C and 50°C exit respectively. Air ures are 20°C and 70°C at the t respectively. The is well insulated and a fan rives the air through the cooler. Find the amount of air per | Second required for 1 ka/s of water flow. The ales of cp of air and water are 1.005 end 4.107 i/kg K respectively. Ans. 3.16 kg/s | rg. \Cte yt be A - de grral nc? aise Mpa (aT) Tease vengetvd05(tt422) =o" lG2s KW si Mgmpaee petimilnareee a -h2> pe Gs (0s Cat = mpereaed Tes HC C32 ee)5 Wott 5m 117" BBedoes tgs) ate Sep23) 7b ree (Mes a ria (hat ag) a vine Zerg Ma aay wy nfenprstaeats ode rhs| lh “en weal eh ne = Tae regu) was trap 1+ 2B og 8m eg sae “ye of ‘Ere, gies Sesmaulana Azao wattonal nsuIUTe OF reCNOIOYY BHopal Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 211 Engineering Thermodynamics Section: M3 Tutorial: Unit 2 Part 2 1S [Av at 101.325 ba, ta | 92s turbine power plant at a velocity of n/s through an opening of 0.18 m2 sectional area. The air ig | compressed heated, expanded through a turbine, nhausted at 0.18 MPa, + fe o18Mpe | ‘an opening of 0.10 mz ’ 92 1SOG | ectional area, The power output a Sv. Caclate the net amount of | y= | OL-SESEPS ke 200” | 12d to the air in KI/kg. Assume y _ ‘ To10d % ‘obeys the law py = 0.287 (t + a) where ps the pressure in kPa, v_ | G> wore) ‘ny +p Ly dwam(ht 55 {is Aye 15 warm re the specific volume in m3)/kg, and tis | the temperature in °C. Take cp = 3,005 ki/kg K. Ans. 150.23 kJ/kg ae jeans Sas cs 5 eee Jeet pewet = gare 263601) * Boos | PAG) = =ynkT prArc ” me | = 10 asplerO \5x IAG | LOLI2sKIOHON | o7~ 249 A ee ee “feb 7 983K 289% 423 0170" 62 } ms 25-30 | pola ae Soh, © paix ont 16 | Agas flows steadily through a rotary eee oe || compressor at 2 temperature of 16°C, a © | pressure of 100 kPa, and an enthalpy of H | 391.2 Kiykg. The gas leaves the hye Be s ? | compressor at a temperature of 245°C, haere " dwaen v5 |S PeRee as ancmopyot53 "gig ey dewalt des (mC ig. There is no heat transfer to OF cm the gas 25 flows through the A a ae are) | | compressor. (a) Evaluate the external de cee Eo] % | | work 2 } | done per unit mass ‘of gas assuming the Leg ) “csevetctis ateny ardent te |G) dw — (lam) * @ a eglgibe. (b) Evaluate the external a s80 bite | + done per unit mass of gas when BO 2 (Bq 2 BIE) SoS | gas velocity at entry 15 80 m/s and that 7 at exit is 160 m/s, in H\oied Balls, | Ans. 143.3 k}/kg, 152.9 kI/kg |(rmsere aian madre: ihsimée OF ee es Bs Fuconal: Urut 2 Part 2 uy, : ea 4 by a : oe heen, ‘ . 1 gemp i " 2 cng (bs vetoes at Be cert ae megs eying 7 f, to(but i) | a hedd SESE wmtsonade oan [SS eentne . | = 4¥ p00 a ofathed | | Compt: neg | Mae ‘Kg ' | rbot okey mor OOS ap i | | 18 | The stew of aw aved Gimoline vapour, ad wr we rato OF 14 fy mans, enters a vawnine engine vt 3 temperature of © on) tees ar combustion ates 1 J90:C! Tae ome strewn eumeng the changes in net | Sng} ond © erate to De | negighe | Aes “182? King of erature | yes * va? Nira 8 ale ka gaa ValtsA® ea ad .os Maulana Azad jwational Insutute OF Fecrnology whopar Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 211 Engineering Thermodynamics Section: M3 Tutorial: Unit 2 Part 2 turbine forms part of an airciant retigerating plant, Arata pressure of 295 KPa and a temperature of S8°C flows steadily into the turbine with a | velocity of 45 mys. The air leaves the urbane at a pressure of 115 KPa, a temperature of 2°C, and a velocity of 180 mys. The shaft work delivered by the ) turbine is 54 ki/kg of air, Neglecting changes in elevation, determine the magnitude and sign of the heat transfer per unit mass of air lowing. For air, take cp | = 1.005 10/kg K and the enthalpy h = | cpt Ans. + 7.96 k3/kg, 20. | inva turbomachine handling an | incompressible fluid with a density of | 1000 kg/m3 the conditions of the fluid at the rotor | entry and exit are as given | | betow | Intet exit | | pressure 1.15MPa (0.05 MPa i Velocity 30 m/s 15.5 m/s | Reignt above datum 10 m 2m If the volume flow rate of the Muid is 40, m3/s, estimate the net energy transfer from the fluid as work, Ans. 60.3 MW x4 inn He us | ae Po | ae net ‘eth ae pemauiana Azad Nauonal IsuLULe OF FeCnHo1Ogy Bhopal Department of Mechanical Engineering [21] Ai flows steadily at the rate of O.4 kg/s | through an air compressor, | entering at 6 m/s with a pressure of 1 bar and a specific volume of 0.85 | m3/ka, |_| and leaving at 4.5 ays with a pressure of 6.9 bar and a specific volume of | 0.16 m3/kq. The internal energy of the | ofthe ar enteng. Cootng water ina | Jacket surrounding the cylinder absorbs treat from the air at the rate of 59 W. | Calculate the power required to drive | the compressor and the inlet and outlet | cross-sectional areas. | Ans. 45.4 kW, 0.057 m2, 0.0142 m2 ME 211 Engineering Thermodynamics Section: M3 Tutorial: Unit 2 Part 2 . — ee . : (cess pet aoe Lie ce |e | Up. it B Ww 1 Qe ra® “Be i | ing is 88 KO/kg greater than that - so-utal 3 \ | earls | pyaibor me o ime AN rm (bet pet &) (utp + ae Te 3 zon v1) + (dea di Ss _ Curseyt (Pier ” a) Je ae pox0BF—54 O20" ts | Be ont 06+ ri Ow ‘soo aout | | A wellinsulated rigid tank with a | volume of 10 m3 is connected to a large steam line through which steam flows at 15 bar and 280°C. The tank is initially evacuated. Steam is allowed to.flow into the tank until the pressure inside is 15 bar. Calculate the amount of mass that flows into the tank. Ans. 47.4 kg |