MENTAL
HEALTH &
WELL-BEING
MODULE 7 IN PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
MENTAL HEALTH
According to the American
Psychological Association, the mind’s
state is characterized by emotional
well-being, coping with stress and
everyday obstacles, the absence of
mental illnesses, and the capability to
establish positive relationships.
DURING ADOLESCENCE
Mental health problems may arise
due to overwhelming situations and
various emotional responses to
different challenges.
According to the World Health
Organization (2020), half of all
mental health problems begin at the
age of 14.
DURING ADOLESCENCE
Depression is the most prominent
mood disorder that affects
teenagers around the world.
Unfortunately, such cases are
undiagnosed and untreated.
DURING ADOLESCENCE
Inaction on mental health issues has
long-term effects on a person’s
physical and mental health.
improving self-esteem, social skills,
and resiliency can help minimize
one’s risk of mental illnesses.
TAKE NOTE!
Good mental health
leads to a positive
self-image that can
result in fulfilling
relationships with other
people.
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
A theory developed by American
academic and psychologist Carol Ryff
in 1989.
Refers to positive relationships with
not just others but also personal
matters and purpose, it also involves
healthy mental health, life satisfaction,
and stress management (Davis, 2019).
TAKE NOTE!
Thinking positively makes
you emotionally better and as
you establish meaningful
relationships you have better
social well-being.
COMMON MENTAL HEALTH
DISORDERS AMONG ADOLESCENTS
According to UNICEF (2019), 1 out of 7 adolescents
has a mental disorder, as adolescents are more
susceptible to mental health problems due to the
physical, emotional, and social changes they
undergo.
Fortunately, mental health
issues may be treated if
diagnosed and patients go
through rehabilitative measures
such as pharmacological
treatment and psychotherapy.
1. Depression
A kind of mood disorder
characterized by feelings of deep
sadness and hopelessness which
may lead to a loss of interest in
previously loved activities.
Symptoms of Depression
Primary Secondary Symptoms
Symptoms • Significant weight loss • Diminish ability to
• Moodiness or weight gain think or concentrate
• Loss of interest • Insomnia or hypersomnia • Suicidal thoughts
or pleasure • Psychomotor agitation or
• Diminish interest retardation
in things • Fatigue or loss of energy
• Feelings of worthlessness
or excessive guilt
2. Eating Disorders
Characterized by severe and persistent disruption in
eating behaviors that is accompanied by distressing
thoughts and emotions which may impair physical,
psychological, and social functioning.
Types of Eating Disorders
Anorexia Bulimia Binge-Eating
Nervosa Nervosa Disorder
• People suffer • Bulimics binge • People eat
from an eat secretly during a
intense fear of and then try to discrete period
gaining weight get rid of the with more food
and is mostly extra calories in than needed,
common an unhealthy there is a lack
among women. way. of control
when eating.
3. Bipolar Disorder
A mood disorder that is
characterized by significant
mood swings — emotional
highs and lows and periods
of depression.
4. Anxiety Disorders
A mood disorder characterized by feelings of fear and
uneasiness during certain situations that may worsen
over time and can affect a person’s daily life.
Anxiety is a common stress
response, however prolonged
anxiety results in a disorder.
According to Jeffy (2021),
anxiety disorders are the
most common type of
mental illness as it affects
30% of adults at some
point in their lives.
5. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
According to the National Institute of Mental Illness
(n.d.), it has a consistent pattern of exhibiting
inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
People with ADHD have
difficulties managing tasks
we deem simple.
6. Personality Disorder
People with this disorder tend to think that they have
normal thoughts and do not realize that there is a
problem with their personality even if it deviates from
societal expectations.
10 Personality Disorders (5th edition DSM-5)
Cluster A Cluster B Cluster C
a. Paranoid a. Antisocial a. Avoidant
b. Schizoid b. Borderline b. Dependent
c. Schizotypal c. Histrionic c. Obsessive-
compulsive
d. Narcissistic
7. Substance Use Disorder
A condition in which a person has a
strong desire to use specific
substances (alcohol, drugs,
cigarettes, etc.) and finds it
difficult to stop or control.
8. Schizophrenia
A mental illness characterized by severe deficits in how
people view and process reality. Roughly about 24
million people globally are affected (WHO, 2022).
Includes symptoms of hallucinations,
delusions, disorganized thinking,
and cognitive difficulties.
9. Internet Gaming Disorder
WHO (2018) states that it is a pattern of gaming
behavior that shows a loss of control over gaming that
takes precedence and outweighs vital and everyday
tasks.
VULNERABILITY
OF ADOLESCENTS
TO MENTAL DISORDERS
Adolescents may be
more susceptible to
mental health issues
due to ongoing changes.
Such changes are in
their brains and the
physical, emotional, and
social changes they are
experiencing.
According to WHO (2020), reasons such as desire for
independence, pressure to fit in with peers, exploration
of sexual identity, and increased access to and use of
technology can be stressful for adolescents.
WebMD (2020) provided some of the
common causes of mental illness:
1. Biological Factors
Caused by chemical imbalances
within the body, genetics, and
brain injury, as well as prenatal
problems, poor health, and in
some cases hereditary.
2. Psychological Factors
May include the history of
emotional, physical, or sexual
abuse, most especially during
childhood.
3. Environmental Factors
Includes poor housing conditions, change of school
and community, conflict and lack of communication
in the family, family members who use substances,
and high expectations from society.
ACHIEVING
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
Characterized by self-acceptance, personal growth,
purpose in life, environmental mastery, autonomy, and
establishing positive relationship with others.
As stated by Morin (2020), people with a
high level of psychological well-being feel
capable, happy, supported, and satisfied
with their lives
Some ways to improve
your well-being based
on Martin Seligman’s
Positive Psychology:
1. Live a life with purpose.
Reflecting on your purpose in life, especially during
youth, will provide depth and meaning to your
existence.
2. Embrace optimism.
Looking at the brighter perspective
impacts overall well-being as having a
positive mindset helps develop better
coping strategies during difficult times.
3. Practice mindfulness.
Although it may require practice and dedication,
you can improve your ability to be present and in
the moment over time.
4. Express gratitude.
Abundant people are those who deeply appreciate
what they have and are grateful for all the blessings
big and small.
5. Forgive someone who offended you.
Forgiveness is not for the person who hurt or
offended you but it’s because you allow peace
within by letting go of the anger and hurt that
they might have caused you.
6. Improve relationships with others.
Quality relationships matter more than quantity
as having a strong network of social support is
critical for maintaining psychological well-
being.
Adolescence is challenging, most especially during a
pandemic as you are limited to activities you may do.
UNICEF has enumerated self-
care practices to improve
mental health and well-being:
1. Beware of the fact that being anxious is normal
Anxiety is normal and as a result of your worry,
you may acquire good decision-making skills.
2. Create Routines that you can do.
Maintain everyday habits and create new ones.
3. Discover news ways to communicate with your
social circle.
There are various ways by which you can stay
connected to your social circle.
4. Do the things that you love to do.
Focusing on yourself and discovering productive ways
is one good way of caring for your mental health and
well-being.
5. Be aware of your emotions.
Experiencing negative emotions is fine as long as you
acknowledge them and find ways to feel good about
yourself to feel refreshed and welcome new positive
emotions.
6. Be kind to yourself and to others.
Everyone has their battles, so, be more careful of what
you say as it might offend others. Make them feel that
someone cares for them, and for yourself find
someone you can trust.
“It’s not selfish to love yourself, take
care of yourself, and to make your
happiness a priority. It’s necessary.”
- Mandy Hale
Any Questions?
MENTAL
HEALTH & WELL DONE!
WELL-BEING
