>L >d cbfnt eStk'/df r9fPsf]

lgj]bg kq
ef]6]sf]zL kfj/ sDkgL ;du| pBf]u 6«]8 o'lgog g]kfn,
lemk'{ l;Gw'kfnrf]ssf] clVtof/ k|fKt P]=sf cWoIf uf]kfn
k|=k=g+= @!!$$
d:of}bf ug{]M clwjQmf lj/f6 sfˆn]

s'df/ sfsL{sf] jf/]; tf]o gf/fo0f sfˆn]sf] gftL ljb'/ sfˆn]sf]

5f]/f ?kGb]xL lhNnf a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+=–!%
a:g] jif{ @% sf] lj/f6 sfˆn] -gf=k|=g+= #&–)@–&#–)
%@*# hf/L ldlt @)&#÷)&÷@%, ?
kGb]xL============================
=======!lgj]bs
lj?4
sf=lh=sf=d=kf= tfxrn /]8qm; dfu{df d'Vo sfo{no
kmf]g g+= )!-%()@%)* /xL KnfG6 clkm; lhNnf
l;Gw'kfNrf]s ef]6]sf]zL uf=kf=j8f g+= $ lemk'{ kmf]g
g+= (($!!))))) /x]sf] ef]6]sf]zL kfj/ sDkgL k|
f=ln=============================
===============================
=======!,
P]=P]=sf]
Joj:yfks===========================
===============================
=========================!ljkIfL

1
 d'2f M >d P]g, @)&$ ;Fu aflemPsf]
lgodfjnL÷lg0f{o ab/ u/L kfpFm .
pNn]lvt kIf ljkIf ePsf] k|:t't d'2fdf ljkIfL ef]6]sf]zL kfj/
sDkgLsf] k|aGw kq lgodfjnLsf] clwg:t /xL sDkgLdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf–;'ljwfsf ;DaGwdf sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL–
@)^* -klxnf] ;+;f]wg–@)^( ;lxt_ / >ldssf] ;]jf zt{ ;DaGwL
ljlgodfjnL -@)&&_ >d P]g @)&$ sf] >d lgodfjnL, @)&% ;
+u aflemPsf] xb;Dd ab/ ug]{ clwsf/ ;Ddflgt cbfntnfO{
/x]sf]n] x'gfn] >d P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf ( / P] bkmf !)* -^_
adf]lhd k|:t't lgj]bg lnO{ ;Ddflgt cbfnt ;dIf pkl:yt ePsf 5f}
+ . ctM xfd|f] lgDg lnlvt lhls/ adf]lhd Gofo OG;fkm lbnfO{
kfpmF .
!= xfdL lgj]bsx? ef]6]sf]zL kfj/ sDkgL ;du| pBf]u 6«]8
o'lgog g]kfn, lemk'{ l;Gw'kfnrf]sdf sfo{/t >ldsx?sf] xs
lxtsf] nflu ;w} nfuL /x]sf 5f}+ . xfdL o'lgogn]
>lds÷sd{rf/Lx?sf] xs lxtdf sfd ub{} cfO{ /x]sf] 5 .
>lds÷sd{rf/Lx? dfyL x'g] cGofo tyf pgLx?n] kfpb}
cfPsf ;]jf–;'ljwfsf] s6f}tL xfdL lgj]bsx?sf] dxTjk"0f{
;/f]sf/sf] ljifo x'g'sf ;fy} xfd|f JolQmut dfubfaL klg xf] .
@= ljkIfL k|lti7fgdf ef]6]sf]zL kfj/ sDkgL k|f=ln=sf]
sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL, @)^* /x]sf]df xfn ;f]
lgodfjnLnfO{ k|lt:yfkg u/L ef]6]sf]zL kfj/ sDkgL k|fOe]6
lnld6]8 >ldssf] ;]jf zt{ ;DalGw ljlgodfjnL, @)&& nfu'
eO{ sfo{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 . ljkIfLx?n] k'/fgf] lgodfjnL vf/]h
u/L gofF ljlgodfjnL agfpg' kbf{ >d P]g @)&$ sf]
bkmf !)*-%_ adf]lhd cflwsf/Ls 6«]8 o'lgog eP To:tf]
o'lgog;Fu To:tf] 6«]8 o'lgog gePsf] v08df lqmoflzn
6«]8 o'lgog;Fu k/fdz{ u/L ljlgodfjnL agfpg' kg{] sfg'gL
Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o;/L /x]sf] sfg'gL Joj:yf adf]lhd 6«]8
o'lgog;Fu k/fdz{ g} gu/L ljlgodfjnL agfPsf] cj:yf 5 . o;/L
ljlgodfjnL agfpbfF ljkIfL k|lti7fgdf sfo{/t >ldsx?
nfO{ lje]b tl/sfn] ljlgodfjnL agfO{ hf/L u/L nfu' ul/Psf] 5
2
 . h'g k|rlnt >d P]g @)&$ bkmf ^, @*, @(, #), #! / #@
ljkl/t eO{ ab/ x'g] u/L Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
#= ljkIfLsf] ef]6]sf]zL kfj/ sDkgL k|fOe]6 lnld6]8
>ldssf] ;]jf zt{ ;DalGw ljlgodfjnL, @)&& >d tyf /f]huf/
sfof{no 6]s' sf7df8f}df ldlt @)&&÷!)÷)^ ut]
btf{ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf g} >d P]g, @)&$ / >d lgodfjnL,
@)&% sf] Joj:yf eP cg'?k k|lts'n ePdf :jtM /2 x'g]
u/L btf{ ul/Psf] 5 egL pNn]v ePaf6 g} of] ljlgodfjnL
>d P]g, @)&$ tyf >d lgodfjnL, @)&% ljkl/t ePdf :jt /2
x'g] s'/f :yflkt /x]sf] 5 . ef]6]sf]zL kfj/ sDkgL k|fOe]6
lnld6]8 >ldssf] ;]jf zt{ ;DalGw ljlgodfjnL, @)&& sf]
bkmf #=! df sfo{ ;dosf] ljifdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . P]=sf]
s= df h;df ;fKtflxs $* 3G6f / j9L ;do sfddf nufpg'
kbf{ xKtfdf @$ 306f eGbf jl9 ;do sfddf gnfufO{g] u/L
k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t jf lghn] tf]s]sf] >ldsn] cfjZostf
cg';f/ sfo{ ;do lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5 / o;/L tf]lsPsf]
sfo{ ;do / lbgsf] af/]df ;do ;dodf >ldsnfO{ hfgsf/L
u/fO{g]5 t/ sDkgLsf] xfnsf] kl/of]hgfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?
sf] xsdf sfo{ ;dosf] lgwf{/0f KnfG6 Dofg]h/ jf lghsf]
cg'kl:yltdf l8k'l6 KnfG6 Dofg]h/ jf lghsf] klg cg'kl:ytLdf
KnfG6 Dofg]h/n] clwsf/ lbPsf] Joj:yfklso txsf] >ldsn]
tf]s adf]lhd x'g]5 tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 . o;} u/L P]= sf]
u= df o; ljlgodfjnLdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] clwgdf /lx
sfo{ ;do lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;fdfGotof xKtfdf ! lbg ljbf
kg{] ul/ ldnfOg]5 . tyfkL sDkgLsf]
/lhi68{ sfof{nosf] nfuL k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[tn]
sfo{ ;do ldnfO{ xKtfdf @ lbg ljbf lbg ;lsg]5 egL
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] cfwf/df k|
lti7fgdf sfd ug{] >lds sd{rf/Lx?df s;}nfO{ b'O{ lbg ljbf
lbg] / cltl/Q ;do sfd u/]sf] cf]e/6fOd eQf ;d]t lbg] tyf
s'g} >ldsnfO{ Ps lbg ljbf lbg] sfo{ >d P]g ljkl/t

3
 x''g'sf ;fy} >ldsx? ljrdf c;dfgtf sfod ug{] lje]bsf/L Joj:yf
ePsf] x'Fbf ;dfgtf sfod ul/ kfpmF .
$= o; ;DaGwdf lgj]bs o'lgogn] ljkIfL k|lti7fg ;dIf ldlt
@)*)÷!!÷)$ ut] dfubfjL /fv]sf]df ldlt @)*!÷)&÷!$
ut] ;xdtL ePsf] lyof] . ;f] ;xdtLsf] a'Fbf g+= @ df k|
i6;Fu o; sDkgLdf sfo{/t sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf]
xsdf lbgO{g] ;]jf ;'ljwf ;dfg x'g' kg{]df PSh's]l6e
sd{rf/L / k|fljlws -;kf]6{_ txsf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ lbO{g] ljbfdf lje]b /x]sf] x'Fbf
ljbfdf ;dfg Joj:yf ul/of];\ egL o'lgogn] dfu
/fv]sf]df ;xlt x'Fbf dfu gDa/ @ sf ;DaGwdf ;ldltsf]
tkm[af6 rfx]df ;DaGwLt lgsfo jf ;DaGwLt cbfntdf
sfg'gL pkrf/df hfg ;Sg] / sfg'g cg';f/ 7x/] adf]lhd
ul/g] ;xdtL ul/of] egL c;dfgtf u/]sf] s'/f :jLsf/ ul/
cbfntdf k|j]z ug{sf] nfuL pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] . o;/L
c;dfgtf sfod /x]sf] s'/f ;fd'xls dfubfjLdf ;d]t pNn]v u/]sf]
x'Fbf lgj]bgsf] k|s/0f g+= # df pNn]lvt c;dfg ljbfsf] ljifo
ab/ u/L ;Dk'0f{ sfdbf/ sd{rf/L ->lds_ nfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/
ug{ ljkIfLnfO{ cfb]z hf/L ul/ kfpmF .
%= ctM ljkIfLsf] ef]6]sf]zL kfj/ sDkgL k|fOe]6 lnld6]8
>ldssf] ;]jf zt{ ;DalGw ljlgodfjnL, @)&& sf] bkmf #=!
u= >ldsx? ljrdf c;dfgtf sfod ug{] lje]bsf/L Joj:yf ab/ u/L
;Dk'0f{ sd{rf/LnfO{ ljbfdf ;dfg Joj:yf ul/ Gofo OG;fkm
lbnfO{ kfpmF .
^= ;+nUg sfuhftx?M
s= gful/stfsf] k|ltlnkL .
v= clVtof/gfdf .
u= ef]6]sf]zL kfj/ sDkgL >ldssf] ;]jf zt{ ;DaGwL ljlgodfjnL
-@)&&_ >d P]g @)&$ sf] >d lgodfjnL, @)&% ljkIfL k|
lti7fgaf6 lemsfO{ kfpmF .
4
 3= ldlt @)*!÷)&÷!$ ut], ldlt @)&%÷!)÷@# ut] / ldlt
@)&*÷!)÷)% ut]sf]
ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnkL .
ª= ldlt @)*!÷)%÷!^ ut] ljkIfL k|lti7fgdf k]z ePsf]
sfg'gL /fosf] k|ltlnkL .
&= xfd|f] tkm{af6 lgo'Qm x'g' x'g] sfg'g Joj;foLn]
o; ;Ddflgt cbfnt ;dIf ax;sf] qmddf k|:t't ug'{ x'g] sfg'gL
a'Fbf lhls/ ;d]tnfO{ o;}sf] cleGg c+u dfgL kfpFm .
*= o;df n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f ;To ;fFrf] xf], em'¶f 7x/] sfg'g
adf]lhd ;x'Fnf a'emfpFnf .
lgj]bs
jf= lj/f6 sfˆn]
Olt ;+jt @)*! ;fn k'if dlxgf @$ ut] /f]h )$ z'ed\
=================================
====.