ASSIGNMENT NO.
Submitted To: Engr. Tauqeer Ahmad
Submitted By: Abdul Razzaq Hussain
Reg. No. 70144901
Subject: Product Realization Workshop
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE
Question
Describe the difference between Ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Explain the properties,
Manufacturing and application of famous ferrous and non-ferrous metals used in industries
Answer:
Ferrous and non-ferrous metals are two distinct groups of metals with different properties and
applications.
Ferrous metals contain iron, while non-ferrous metals do not. Iron is a strong and durable
metal, but it is also prone to rust and corrosion. Non-ferrous metals, on the other hand, are
generally more resistant to rust and corrosion.
Here is a table summarizing the key differences between ferrous and non-ferrous metals:
Property Ferrous Metals Non-Ferrous Metals
Iron content Yes No
Magnetic properties Magnetic Non-magnetic
Corrosion resistance Low High
Weight Heavy Lightweight
Strength Strong Varies
Malleability Less malleable More malleable
Conductivity Good conductors of electricity and heat Varies
Cost Relatively inexpensive Can be expensive
Some common examples of ferrous metals include:
Steel
Iron
Cast iron
Stainless steel
Some common examples of non-ferrous metals include:
Aluminum
Copper
Lead
Zinc
Tin
Gold
Silver
Ferrous metals:
Ferrous metals are metals that contain iron. They are the most common type of metal in the
world and are used in a wide variety of industries. Ferrous metals are known for their
strength, durability, and affordability.
Properties of ferrous metals:
Ferrous metals are strong and durable. They can withstand high temperatures and
pressures.
Ferrous metals are magnetic. This property is used in a variety of applications, such as
electric motors and generators.
Ferrous metals are relatively inexpensive to produce. This makes them a good choice
for many industrial applications.
Manufacturing of ferrous metals
Ferrous metals are produced from iron ore. Iron ore is a naturally occurring mineral
that contains iron. The iron ore is mined and then processed to extract the iron. The
iron is then melted and cast into ingots. The ingots are then rolled into sheets or bars.
Applications of ferrous metals:
Ferrous metals are used in a wide variety of industries, including:
Construction: Ferrous metals are used to make structural steel, rebar, and other
building materials.
Manufacturing: Ferrous metals are used to make cars, trucks, appliances, and other
manufactured goods.
Transportation: Ferrous metals are used to make trains, ships, and airplanes.
Energy: Ferrous metals are used to make power plants, pipelines, and other energy
infrastructure.
Non-ferrous metals:
Non-ferrous metals are metals that do not contain iron. They are generally lighter and more
corrosion-resistant than ferrous metals. Non-ferrous metals are used in a wide variety of
industries, including electronics, electrical wiring, and plumbing.
Properties of non-ferrous metals:
Non-ferrous metals are generally lighter than ferrous metals. This makes them a good
choice for applications where weight is a concern, such as aircraft and spacecraft.
Non-ferrous metals are more corrosion-resistant than ferrous metals. This makes them
a good choice for applications where the metal will be exposed to moisture or
chemicals.
Non-ferrous metals are good conductors of electricity and heat. This makes them a
good choice for applications such as electrical wiring and heat exchangers.
Manufacturing of non-ferrous metals:
Non-ferrous metals are produced from a variety of ores, including aluminum ore, copper ore,
and lead ore. The ore is mined and then processed to extract the metal. The metal is then
melted and cast into ingots. The ingots are then rolled into sheets or bars.
Applications of non-ferrous metals:
Non-ferrous metals are used in a wide variety of industries, including:
Electronics: Non-ferrous metals are used to make computer chips, circuit boards, and
other electronic components.
Electrical wiring: Non-ferrous metals, such as copper and aluminum, are used to make
electrical wires and cables.
Plumbing: Non-ferrous metals, such as copper and lead, are used to make pipes and
fittings.
Transportation: Non-ferrous metals are used to make aircraft, spacecraft, and
automobiles.
Construction: Non-ferrous metals are used to make roofing materials, siding, and
other building materials.
Famous ferrous and non-ferrous metals
Here are some of the most famous ferrous and non-ferrous metals:
Ferrous metals: iron, steel, cast iron, stainless steel
Non-ferrous metals: aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, tin, gold, silver
These metals are used in a wide variety of industries and are essential to our modern
way of life.
