66\1ol2 4

Assign ment NO. 02

Deine CASE TOOLS R expiain dif Ypes?

CA SE T00LS :

CASE Stand For compuer Ajded development

S]w Engg T m eans

ance oF slw proj wHh hepo F Vamous automatcd Slw

toas:
maintain

2hey ore set oF slw appl" oroq. ohich are used toau tom ate sbLc
achities This is used by slo prj managers, analyst and eng9
to develop s]w system
Th ere are no oF cASE tools available to sim piify vamous stages
OFSlW developm ent OF 1)Fe cycle. such as analysis, toalS,
design oals,praj managem en+ too1s, b BM tools, proj mq mt toalS,

DBMtools doccmn to01s are to name a Few

4
UseoF CT acererate devel op ment 0F prprodue desiredresut
to
and heip to unover Flaws beFore movng ahead wth next stage in
SD
Components 0F Case too)s
cenra) A cena) sorage loation for info about fhe
Repositoy
project including product Specic reposts diag other docc.
Tisthe data hub fo Slw project T'n SDLC
Uppercase taols: They are used in planning, analysiS, desigh stage
Low ercase tools Vsedin mplem", testing maintaingnce

Anteqrated ase toolsi Theseqre helpful In all stages 0F SDLC om

requirement gatheing to testing

Types 0Fdiff tools:

Diaqram tools Usedto represe system Compon Is, data and central

Aow among vanousslwcomponents g syst in qraphical fo m

foreg f0w chart, maker tool, forcre ating State oFat

ftowchart:
 Pecess Medeling Teel5 - These tools assist managers in seeng mad
5 proce ss mod es ro suit prcje needs Eq EF Op
Pej mgnt 4oois- Used foy planning ,5 ched utin Qtast estim resocre
4lloca+ n these
tools hep in real time shoin q of pro) into
Eg- Basecamp
TTace pr
bcem Ttols -These tools fauikce the gen vous do thr'Out
SDLC including technical manuals user quid es Eq A dobe Robehep
5) Anaty sis
Tools-
Designed *o qather requiremenis fident Fy in onsisten
Or redundandes.
these tool5 enhance requirement
anaysis
visible anayst
6) Design Too|s -
Thee help desgners eote f rene modular Shuet OF SlW
detaittng intem odule Conn t Ea
Animatrd sw desgn
17 Configuration -mT:These fpol5
mona qe ce velsion onhol,
2 baseline change n dceing
Confiq ithin slw proj Eq G Fassi).
D) Cnange Contro|Too]s- Track changqes made atte he sl o inima) release
and enforce
OTganizhI change pollcies.
4)
Progminq Too)s - provde enio for coding R Testing ,in cluding JDES
and ibranes .
(eg Ectipse)
(°) protDty ping toolS- Cyat e simulGcd version sof sho praduc to vsualise
functiona ity Eq- 5erena Protoryp e cSmposer.

1) web development tools- Assist In designing web pages prouide live

preview oF develcpment Eq Adobe Edge Inspect

12) Quality Assurance T00]5- Monitos Engg process to e nsure quat"ty

Standard s are met (eq: tmett, S0apTest

toos- SupPport slw modH eror aclein g atter

13) Maintainance

deieveny

HaO DJmpove
pogmers 4)
(eg:

^ speed
Bugzilia)

accura y

of
) Reduee l1fetime mantungne
processing
3) 0 pp tono n

adu:-)cost, 2) leamng c
oadu (3) eqyto prgstw D

3 TOO|mìx
 useAst dios hw sevinert thst
(2)

C pioy cuualro1e in theeffci Peffechiveno ss ofsD R

enhancdna

mainton ance processes, proding support actoss vanousstages

oF sDIC, 8y autom a ting tasks & fai iitatinq
beHerproj ngm
1nese too)5 contibute t0 succestu deliv eny 01 ST0 pYoj

Draw Use caSe d'ag for D 8ATU unive Explain adv disadu
) UsecaSe diag
these are lsed to depict Funchionality oF 5yst orpartofsys
3J They ore uoidey asedto iUUstrate funtlreguiremi OFsyshits
intrac" orth exremal aqent Cactors). A use casels basically
aidq epresenting dif scenenos csher syst can beysed
3) 4 qiue us high leuel oiew of whatsysi or pqrt 0Fsyst do
Loithout qehng into mp)m detalls
BATU University System
View Ghgdes
5tudent
Access oUrGe mattials

Submit ASsi9nment
Registor
Emolt 'n courses

Facuty mandge studentorcord

X Conduct Exams AdminiShru

Sta ff
5chedule casses

Acce ss Libr ay ResoUrces

ioroy staff
pooide IT Support e
TIsupport
 S> bra

05eCases:
7Sudens
starf
)o)fatuity

i) En rol in
IT

(ourses 2> Submit

Support
3) Admin'stroive srotf 42 Reg)so

3)AcceS5 Assignmento
(GuYSe
6> Conduct
matñals 4> view Grad es sch eduled dasses S
Exams 1) Man age
S
77 Manage student nt Record A ccess library
A )
Resourse s q> prov
de JT S uppost
8)
Relationships
Student
Can Enrol| in courses, submit Assighmenfs, A cce ss CoUrss
temals
Wew grades
7raury can condut exams, submt arades manage stTud reoa
Adminiso tjve saF con cchedule clas ses f man age v amouS
ad ministhative tasks.
)Req shorhandles Enrol Iments 2m oin tains students recoru
Abrary staFF manages Access l'bramy feso
urces Jt support P0na
assistunce to all other actor.

)
4y A dvantaq es
lear vsualzation-
2)Vser centic - Aliign
simpiifes
desiqn wth
understandin

User needs
g fsys funchoaity

3) Failitates Comm enhane clamty among stakeholders

7 dentifies Requirement- Ai ds in earty req uircment g athenng

S) Suppoot desiqn- Break doun intrac^for e asier desiqn

G)Disaduantages:
J: imited Detuil- may ack depth for (omplex sy st
2Compiexity- can become duitued in targe Syst
3'Over- sim iplihc+" Ris k misunderstanding o£ interag

4: Static - Dose nt capture dyn amic behaiouh

ioput
User 1|p Dependency- uality depend on qauqte stqkehalder
tera ct but should he
Use cqse diag effechvely veuglize user in
Comple mentd by other methods frr Full iew oF Sys rquwem ent
 Wite dnot on
Phases 0F Slw proj (
phas es oF slw pYoj
Ke9 q01heing- In thís iniHal pha se storehc lde(S deinefdor
theirneeds
func non fund rcquisenment aieiden#fied to Crcate clear proj
S ope
Design-This phase inuolue s architectusal g detailed design The
Sysiems overail stuciure ls outlied,inctuding component inherfae,
leadinq to desiqn speatcaHon that quide d evetopment
Amplementah?- (co ding) - Develop ers vaite code b ased on the
design spedticat This phase include unit teshng to ensuTe
hat individual conp onent
component Fun chion comety.
4> Testin q - Comprehen sive testing is conduetrd to identity defects
venfy thai slwmeets requirements
Ths phase indude
Onit leshing- indidual Compo
Testing indiidual Compo for conetness
y Intarohon teshnq: 7estinq inteactin bwcompon.
3System1esting evaluatingthe compieksystem compilance oth
equirenments
4) Oser Aceptance Testing CA UT) ='nal vald"by end usersto ensure
theslw meets their need S
S)Deploymen -Thelw js depioye d toa prod enuio rhis phase

nay ínvolueuser trainin q R prepainq doccm F fo supp users.

6
Maíntenaneé - Post dep loy ment the slw enter amajntangnce
pha se here ssues qse addressed updates are mae
Qrei plemented based on user feed baot
enhacements
These phasf ensure eyshmatie appreaob to sla eng9 & esHn
failítarmg deuetopmi of hiqh quality swtha mtet user er pect

& funen oquirementDt Each phase build apo9peuiousen e,

 ass uran te throughout pejeu ti

g R quaity
emphasizing thor uqh testia

G4) wnk shom note an Desiqn (oncepts2

d
slw desiqn concept: our min
ht Came lnto
Co ncepts are defined as pin ple ldea ovinnov

or in tho uqnt to understanding gomethi ng

2y The s|w means idea or pnnup e behin d the dejiqs

esign concept simply S|w, theloqic
J1 descmbe howyou pian to sove probe of degnin
thinking behind howyou design slw.
ofsySrm oy s| w r prod w
3 I allow the sl w
engineer to cratt model
thatis to be deelopec

thes,desiqn concept provdes asuppotng and esental sheture

eT model tor deweloping the ght s]w There are many conep+ e S
d esiqn 8 someoFthem are qiven below.

(Abstiachion
Refactonng
(modula nty)
In fo hid ing)
design con cept

patnm
Architccure
Refinement

The folto toing pointshould be consjdered Dhile desiqníng slw.

()Abshacton - 1 de îrelevant daa

T+Hnvolve hidín 4 inrelewant data to reduce complexity 3enhance e(trdery
Pp duin the design proce Ss,
g
minim ized s]w so|n is rehined
ensurin9 that emors are
leselsoP absh proide brDad
desoip,ohilelouber Jewel s
Hgher
ater detaited spe fiat?
(2)Modulamty
Subdide the systm-
subdi fr ndependen+
ralow
is approach de Símpirfies compnexity
otess diffsystem.
Pas & enabies re4se a

devlopment of
deoelo pers conimplem
ent speui'c fu more
By co attng modlts
accomodahng diverse slw iequiremenb
 (4)

Archiechúre- desian
shucuu eof somethin g
a

enconmpasses vanou s Compo Rtheir

lotoac tocusing on
4 houw data to ws
ReAnemen
how die elem
Remoes
or fogethe:

ampieities
Ine proCess of enhancin syst tu elimmate impumtie
quaihy- This invove detaiing thedesiqn to
simpe
clamry e quirement
{ denti Fy potnhal enors
Paltms repeatcd fom.
Represent repeate to common prob
soln n
d
speifo contexr
Palrns pronoe con sis y Y e tn
idency, enablin
deuelopeis to reyse prbven so1n.
)Anfo Hiding hide fnfo
hvoloe desiqnin g nodues to con ce al the temoal detcu ls fn
other modwes Thìs enhance en capslat"reduces dependey
Secumty
Refactorinq- reconshmt omething
The act F Tecon shucting enlsting codeor
designto simpty
ts inma Steare thout
chañging
t5 exImal 5ehu
Tnisheip m aintainabiity eadaptabi\ itey ohle presemng
Runctionaty

Drauo seq- diaqragx fr Food ordenng sysrm pain th ejr

advantages gdisaduan ta qes?
Explanahon
Customer places an orde thvough food delieueny app
The app send order derail s to restuurant
3 The resto Conhrn oYderbale to pp
Cust þrocess fto make pauyment
 The app communi cate oth paymen gatway proce ss thepayment
6) once paymnt is con Armed theaPp nohfes cust ofsucesfuw

) payment
me
*) pfr
app infom 4esto to prparr
prepar hesto
the

nottfes the app that

orden

rder s ree
) inany the app notifte s (ust obo t de'eweny
Aduantages
) Chear isualiz Prow de s ht ferd ew of interactovertimei
maing t easy tD understand pro (es5
y todeling compley n tnau Aep to epresentomplex intrrad bs
mutiple ob) 3 systm.
5> 1dentfes PequirementAss ía in uncovennqpotntial
ordeng process by iuusthating comm fiou
4y faiiitatzs Comnm? sen
SeNes ao ane Cfuive tool fordiscUssion a mng
Srakeholders (dew eopers, desian ers 2 b ysiness analysH
i saduan tages :
7 compiexity many obj
ceth can become utTed dieA torad if oo
nany 1fines & msq are incuded
a) Stuhic represen" p oes n ot shoe Chan gove
UUer time ordynamic
behavior of syst beyono seq of events

3 imiteo detoil maytale in dep info abbut totrat rcquing

supplementamy docom?.

4 malntenane overhead- keeping diag updated coth systchanger

Can be time onsuminq
 kitch en
Customer Water

Request for menucard

Menucord alOted

Order placed
Request
W ater seved Order colleCtcd

Response

order given

payment Req uest

Response

A1M? Explain adu. disadu

Dr0U0 actiuity diaq.For

Customer inser t cor d in ATM

System ask for pin code

Cust enter pin otofno rety

val d
pin?
Yes Showenor
Ois playmenu

Deposit
withdrow|Thansfer||8alandeinguiny

ustomer seled a tansach 0n

 Hom the
diaq for A1M
stamg
Achuty oP ATM Process, consist
isual represt The diag
eng aiag Proude
tonsacD complet".
-
user insesting their ard & ending uoith ofprocess
the fow
of SeUeral nodes g actviies that (lushat

Nodes:
their ATM Card,representrd
NoOe The process beqin oh userinsestinq
o
ls an
by an inital nod e. PN, ohich
thejr
Uger to erde enter
Qy entt pÎN- The system pro mpts N
hred P£
a chuity Node. checlc
iP enen
diamond shaped
decislon node
3 0eslsion point- A
1s coech
ransact" "
the "seleet
47 Coect PIA - P PN iS (ore ct the user proceeds
'Deposit
1Balance
9

ike ithdraw'"
ohi ch co uld include opr
acHvity
inquiny", ransfur'
oF stry
limitcdno:
S Lnco mee pN - P PCN isincomect SySt may proide

|
he user to gejeet card
atmpts betbre promphing
guice r
> Transac select Dep ending on choosen onsact? the syst
amt,conming
th speuiic achvities ike en ong ithdraw!
fhe user
OY
deposit displaying
rejeu card,
) Hna Hode Once tonsat is completd the syst
representd by Anal node

Adu: visual understandin og oF prote Gs

SLe enHfying Pountal issues & boltienecks

3> capruing derciled requjrements

-
g main tanance teams.
Doceum entaion for dewelo pers
47
to sualise
Disad: 7Compex SyGt are hard
&eror handnag remissing
Detulls tike datsug?
n ot tndidua ob} intrac
each acti nty is unclear >
4) \oqic sithir
 G
Compare Agile ond Vamadel

ymedet
Agie Madel
devetopment m0 detbut
7 iS atso asllo
Ttissla deepnent mdel in Are not
deveiopment q teshinq
conich dev elepment testing
(oncdnent
areconcunnt
vatid
Tthas two phases verjFg
Testing is hard os
comp to Agile
3y Testing is e0sy as comp model.
to Vmodel team
4 ommiseas betenduser The deetp mi tecm
derit io terat much
Rksting
coith e nd

Users
te0m
qre
Deuelopers testers are Deveo pers R testers
independen
dependent on each ther
1tis iteraiue Tt s n 0t Meraue
J is in cementa! T is not mremental
J1is suitoble forSmallor 3+ is su ta b le forlarg epru)
here caorlc Deed obe
lorge poj ihere ork
need

to be compiekd iFuatve comple ted gequen tal

Thecoding Rtesing phae The destqn phase gain more
9)
fbcusthan imp lem^ phase
qains more focus thao
design hase
Dorkhq siw is auailable 00Tkinq sl take tme in
1)
to)
as compared to co mpansian to agile modeae

eany
V-model
1+ is rea chive model
1)14 is prathcal model
42)more tiexiblethan medel lessFlexible R more ngid toa qle
 eir dicf object ? fa
desgn wHh th of bluepnnt
G) Define s]w q coanion
jnvolvin
in slw.DLC
lw desiqn Tt:lsciti cal
Tt
inhrface & Fo s (o compo coanI
System arhie Cture, ser fom ework that quide
into shucured
requirrment
14 banslate
R implems phase.

Objechives of slw desiqn:

coredty
shoutd be corec te. t4 should
(orecn ess- A qood desiqn
fon cho naliHes Of the system ?
implem ent all the resource time
address the
desiqn Shoutd
2} Efiien' A qood
(Osto pim issues.
desiqp shouid haue the abitty to adapr
y fekibility: A qosd slw
R eccomodate chanqes easily
altow for
modif, enhancemnent
in a woy.-tbot
designìng the s[w major
d+1nctude nlo orcausing
Rscalabitihy oithout requing siqnifcant
significant

d1
dt Supto exising funchonalty

4) Understandabitity- gocd deslqn shouid be easily understanddbe

A
For which i+ should be modllar p att modues are
ire avanged
in larje rs

s compieteness
rmoduues
- Thedesign should have qt comp
esernal iotrfa es etc
\5e dta stuct

Agoodsjwdesign aimsto coate a syst that iseasy

6)tnaintainabity
to understund, modify mainteun overtme.
desig9 princip les
Tnis invajve using modlar coel stuctured

naming convent proudin g clear docemJ

tg' (enploying appropiate
pers to Hx bugs,
maintainability is s1d desiqn also enabtes deuelo
enhance fatures R adoptS| to changing qurement
task e cfetvely. oithot erlessiVe
pertpm the tntende d

e Cfort oY intducing neo issues

sspeufi ed sequuirement
|0meets
Funchionality nsumng
e Gteti uely
pertorman ee the intended tusk
k user esp enence that
Deriqning iotuitive inte face
Usabitity

make theslw easy to use un derstond ,no uqate.

 SewOTY n0rporaH nd rmegsuses to protw th e s|o frorm
ünQuth om zed acess, dato bcaches zother vuinerabiities

Cach of hese objetives pl a cuaa sole in Czaring

hig

Yualty Slo thad meets user needs

Rstan dsHst of time

in taplàty changing technojoqical tandscape

Balaning these objectives oFro require tode otfsRefFtively
absut making inoImed Oeusion thas qUig
Slb desiqo ls

wth projed prionties

Ga
Uraw a class diagram forhotel
mamt onte their adu dis adu
The clas diag for hotel mqmt sysm
present Feycomponent
Hotel Rocm ,Resenation and auest
Tt defne atbutes Qmethods foreq ch class while iuushatinq
relat'ships Such as hotel containing rooms manaqn 9 guest
resevations
This visul biveprint aids ln understandn g the systems
Sucture g intYacions.
3)Advontoqes
D SimpiUty- 1he d log clearly shows imp cla sses f ther relat'ship oithout

too much detail

a focused functonality- each closs has one main fu making it e asy

Understand ohat does t
tasier maintonane- fcwer dasSes ahbutes mqke update s
fxes simplen
4 Clear relat"ship-
heonn' bh? dasses are Shqhtfoward easyte
underston d

(4)isað wntoqes:
imitd Detals- Someimp

)
Iy
features m lahtbe missinghìd coul d
lead to overtoOked
requjrem ens
Stahc representan he diag
dosent showhow thin qs wore
dynamicay orintachvely
S> poknhal simp icat 1 miqnt not fuly capture
eomplexi ti eso F
real hotuy syst
7 Reduced clamty in larqersyst: As more features aradded,his
Stmple diag mtqht ns be e nough.

Gu) onk nok on

7 Dir enqg tusKS
S|w Eng9 1ts sysm atHe
approaoh to slw that emphagize theqpp19
of eng Pmuples to cate heftable, e iient & main tahable slw
t en com pases all staqcs ofsloDlc hom inita) tcquirem"
gathemng
t6 design implenment testing deploymert{ maintangnee

itt s|w Engg tasks T

7 Requicment Analyss Gathering anatyeing necd s4 expetof

Starehoders to define shat slw shoul d accomplish.
 ysren Desiqn: Creatinq a bluepint For sld archikure incuding
user inrtae
DB, yst
3) Implem componen h
Ccodin q)
biHng achual Code based on des'go R speif cat" using
Ppropn at preminq (an9 R tools
Teshng' vatd gverifyjing tha slw ro eers defn ed requlrement
R1s free of defts This incdude unit testinqintorat' tsHng
Syshes user aceptonce testing
R

S Deployment Releasing 9|w to prod en sUmng t propeny

GnAqured g Get p in in knded cnvio
Maintan ance
e. Prondin g on going supp fining bugs t
making updats o enhanements to slw post depioyment
) DocCum+n cnatin g usermanudls toh nial specicat

) Creahing docem
both users and
to faciitate
deuelop ers
roject manaqemeni: Pianninq, monitoing
un derstandin g use

con bolling the

Slo dewelopmeni protess to ensure that pro) are comple ted
on ime sithin sope within budget
oF s] For

EQch 0f these tasle play CUal role ip 0 verqu Su cesS0F slw

pro) conib uing to the ctath oF
of high qualty sl w that
meets User needs b usiness 0bjeves
ctard in ia44 -qs bry Grady Bo0 sch. 3n arJoca bson. gomes Rum bovgh
at Raion al slw

Adopted as standord by objeci management Group (om G)in t94+

<) heom G is qn Q550ug+ that oversees the op en standard USI promo
inuperobity among o b) oHentdsyS
D The unL con aUso be used for modeling non slw sysms

CUMI Diaqram

Behaour di aq
Shucre diag
Aeivity diag
>class diaq
Stat mlc dtag
com pon diag
Use cose
diag
objdiag
Intuoc+ diag Composite
3hr diag

Comnn Tnrac seq Deploynent

Overmew riming
diag
diaq |diag
aiag
pactcag ediaq
UMl contai vanous types o atag based on ¢oo Qrps
Shcture diag 8 behauour

setural :
Clags diag > the static
Depict suctofsysb shouing lasses,
alites methods

componen diag- usratr pnysta compon R their relatship,

ed for preur detai ls

o obiect diaa- showinstances sf classes R thelr relat'ship at speufic

potnt in tme
4) closs,hgnsgg
Cmposit strD-Displau inbernoj struct of

telaship 2 behoioUr tesr

Tet
S ploymeni D presen4 slo g HIoconpornent
rclatship
highiign

2 deploumen+
aucaqe diaq
ependenes
organizes
bh
pactages
pacages
theit elernteM ,shog

Behauioura) Diog 9 acs?

hpoise activúticg
Actity- Represet usorkfosof
f csd of contro).
ushaing f an obi 2 transit br
m]c diag- Desctbe state o

state
those States baSed on
even15
bts acors (users) 2 Sysro
Msualíses teracc
0se case -
COSes
Snooing USe
fo us on how obj intract in seneno typicali4
4ntracn
3 catccized into 4
Shown tho msq
inttac brvo obj stb empnos s on10K
communic- Dispiay

bine rmuithpe intrac'

diag tosho
a) Jnkac ovend eo diag corn

Rouo of conholOmonq igtua

Tlushate objintero +' io ime seq detciing
D

3>sequence
how oper are carcd out
of cbjet
fous on ning conStrainst 3 aynarmice
4)Tinng
Shates ouer time