WEEK 7_ORAL COMMUNICATION

Classifying
Speeches
with Ms. Alli
 Lesson Objectives:
Distinguish the types and applications of
speeches from one another;
Explain the importance of effective speech
delivery to achieve communication goals;
Choose the kind of speech that is appropriate
to various communication situations; and
Perform different kinds of speeches.
Kinds of Speeches
According to
Purpose
Thinking about the purpose of speeches...

Different situations elicit speeches that

follow certain rules of interaction, language
use, and content based on the speech's
context and purpose.
Some occur in formal events, which need
formal language and demeanor. Other
events are informal, allowing for a more
relaxed speech delivery and use of informal
language.
 Kinds of Speeches
According to Purpose
Informative and Expository Speech
Persuasive Speech
Entertainment Speech and Speech
for Special Occasions
Informative and Expository Speech
Informative Speech - provides knowledge about
objects, topics, events, or concepts.
Expository Speech - provides a detailed
explanation about a systematic series of actions
about how something happens, made or done, how
it works.
Both informative and expository serve the
function of relaying information and giving the
audience a deeper understanding of a topic
through knowledge sharing.
 EXAMPLES:
Informative Speech
You are tasked to tour a group of new students around your
school. As you walk around, you share various pieces of
information about your school: the source of its name, history,
the names of buildings, school policies, and tips from your own
experiences.

Expository Speech
In your science class, you are tasked by your teacher to report
on, for instance, the water cycle. In your disaster readiness and
risk reduction class, you are tasked to present how one should
prepare before, during, and after a calamity.
 Here are some tips that you can follow when
writing and delivering informative and
expository speech:
1. Do not underestimate and overestimate your
audience’s current knowledge.
In preparing your speech, it might be difficult to know
what your audience knows before your engagement,
given that you may not have a lot of ideas about your
audience and their experiences. The key is to balance
your speech by not necessarily assuming that they
have no idea about what you are talking about.
Don’t dismiss your discussion, and act all-knowing,
instead, be strategic in sounding credible.
2. Contextualize the information to the audience.
Imagine you are an expert in organizational
communication, and you are invited by an electronics
company to share how to communicate in the
workplace. In your speech, you have to talk about
instances and experiences that are relatable to the kind
of audience that you have, probably workers of the
company and those whose expertise is electronics.
The information that you will share or the process that
you will explain may be something new to the
audience.
Avoid technical terms, and explain in a manner that
they can understand.
3. Be personal and do not speak in abstract
terms.
Sometimes, speakers tend to talk about vague
concepts. While this practice allows them to
establish credibility and creativity in writing and
speaking, it does not serve the purpose of making
your audience understand the information.
Instead, be direct to the point in explaining.
You can also use personal stories so they can be
more appealing to the emotions and make it
relatable for them.
4. Talk about what you know. If not,
research.
This is probably something that is applicable
to all kinds of speeches but is most
important in informative and expository
speech, it is expected to share accurate
information.
Talk about what you are familiar with so
that you know from experience and
expertise that your information is correct.
 Persuasive Speech
According to Stephen Lucas (2009),
persuasion “is the process of creating,
reinforcing, or changing people’s beliefs or
actions.”
As a speaker, you are given the power to
become a voice and to effect change in
your audience. You become an advocate
of change.
 Persuasive Speech
Aims to affect the attitudes, values, beliefs,
and actions of the audience toward an
opinion that is similar to that of the speaker.
This is probably the most challenging kind of
speech because you have to also inform and
explain before you persuade.
You need to provide relevant information
about the issue that you want to discuss and
explain your opinion about it.
 Here are some tips for crafting a persuasive
speech:
1. Talk about a relevant social issue.
The audience engages more when the speaker talks
about a topic that is relevant to them. Of course, all
issues have varying degrees of relevance to any group of
audience.
It is your task to highlight such relevance and how
getting involved in the issue is important to your
audience. Show them how the social issue affects them.
From there you capture their attention and have a
higher chance of persuading them to take the same
stand as yours.
2. Present both sides of the issue.
A credible and logical speaker should show the two
opposing sides of the topic. That way, the speaker can
show that he/she was able to scrutinize both sides
before taking a stand.
In your persuasive speech, you should present both
sides of an issue so that you can inform the audience
about the gain-points and pain-points of two opposing
opinions about the topic. Your strategy here is to
present to the audience all the information so that
when you reach the point where you share with them
your stand, it would make better sense as to why you
chose this side to begin with.
3. Explain why taking a stand is
important.
In your speech, the audience might find
your stand appealing, but if they do not
think that taking a stand matters, then you
will not be able to persuade them to
believe you.
Part of your persuasive speech should be
allotted to explaining to the audience why
taking a stand matters.
4. Provide practical solutions.
In the discussion of rhetorical situations,
you learned that your speech must be
motivated by exigencies, which are
urgent problems that need solutions.
You should deliver this to an audience
who can act on the problem. You
should offer solutions to persuade them
to act.
5. Choose a stand and be consistent.
Your ethos, logos, and pathos as a rhetorician
are also tested in your consistency as a speaker.
A good persuasive speech is characterized by
having a strong stand on an issue.
You should state your stand right away at the
start of the speech, provide proofs that support
it, and reiterate it in the end.
Your message should be clear and consistent so
that your audience will understand your point
and your proposed courses of action,
Written Work 1
(Quarter 2)
Write your answer on a 1 whole sheet of paper.
 Entertainment Speech and
Speeches for Special Occasions
Aside from the purpose of informing,
explaining, and persuading, speeches also
serve an entertainment function.
All speeches have to be entertaining in
some way to attract the audience’s
attention, but some speeches are
specifically crafted for entertainment.
 Entertainment Speech
An entertainment speech is one whose
function is to appeal to the context-
appropriate emotions of the audience
through speech delivery.
Entertainment speeches are usually
delivered for specific occasions.
It may inform, explain, or persuade,
although these functions are secondary.
 Some speeches for special occasions include
the following:

1. Speech of introduction.
This type of speech is delivered to
present the main speaker at the event.
For example, in school programs, a
teacher or administrator will introduce
the event's guest speaker by mentioning
who he or she is, his or her achievements
and affiliations, and his or her purpose.
2. Speech of presentation.
This type of speech is used when a
person is to be given an award,
recognition, special citation, or other
forms of honor.
This is common during awards shows or
tribute events, where a speaker presents
the kind of recognition to be awarded,
the awardee, and the reason why the
person is given such honor.
3. Speech of acceptance.
After the speech of presentation, the speech of
acceptance (otherwise called acceptance
speech) follows.
The speaker here expresses his/her gratitude
for being given the recognition. Sometimes,
the speaker also shares what he or she is
feeling, expresses how humbled and
grateful he/she is for being given the award,
and acknowledges the people who made the
accomplishment possible.
4. Commemorative Speech.
This type of speech is delivered when
a speaker wants to pay tribute to a
specific person, a group of people, an
institution, a historical figure or event,
and other celebrations.
Example: Eulogy, birthday greetings, a
congratulatory message to an
awardee, and a newlywed.
5. Toast and/or roast speeches.
These are special kinds of
commemorative speeches that can be
done separately or combined, depending
on the focus of the event and the nature
of the audience.
TOAST SPEECH - an individual (or
couple in the case of a wedding) is being
honored for their achievements,
milestones, and accopmlishments.
5. Toast and/or roast speeches.
ROAST SPEECH - serves the same
purpose as a toast speech but is delivered
with a humorous tone. The speaker
highlights light comedy by talking about
some inoffensive flaws of the honoree and
mixing them with the actual achievements
and impressive character. The speaker also
shares some stories that embarrass the
honoree to show some of his/her personality.
Kinds of Speeches
According to
Delivery
 Kinds of Speeches
According to Delivery
Read Speech
Memorized Speech
Impromptu Speech
Extemporaneous Speech
 Read Speech
It is delivered base on a prepared written
or printed document. It is also called
manuscript speaking.
This is common among speakers such as:
newscasters, field reporters, keynote
speakers, paper or research presenter,
and even politician having their speech or
campaign.
 Impromptu Speech
This is delivered without preparation
in advance. Usually, you are asked to
deliver an impromptu speech in
instances when you do not even
know that you will be asked to speak.
You are called all of a sudden and you
speak at the spur of the moment.
Extemporaneous Speech
Combination of rigorous preparation of
read speeches, committing to memory of
memorized speech, and the spontaneity of
impromptu speech. Most commonly used
in most formal public speaking
engagements, an extemporaneous speech
usually deals with socially relevant topics
that encompass information, exposition,
persuassion, and entertainment.
Thank you!