Lecture Exercise – Chapter 2
1. What is an element?
A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means
2. The diagram below is a basic atomic structure. Identify the structures labeled 1-4.
1) Proton
2) Neutron
3) Electron
4) Nucleus
3. Below is the periodic table entry for Oxygen.
1) What is the oxygen’s atomic number?
8
2) What is the element symbol for oxygen?
O
3) What is the atomic mass for oxygen
15.999
4. The atomic number of an element indicates how many protons are present.
5. The mass number indicates the number of protons and neutrons present.
6. The atomic mass is an average of all the mass number for a particular element.
7. For any element the number of protons is always the same while the number of neutrons
may differ. These variations are called isotope.
8. Most of the human body is made of oxygen.
9. An atoms contains a single element.
10. A molecule contains two or more atoms of the same element.
11. A compound is a molecule containing two or more atoms of different element.
12. The number of valence electrons a particular element has determines how it will act in
chemical bonds.
13. In an ionic bond, one atom donates an electron to the other atom and they resulting ions are
held together by attraction of opposite charge.
14. In a covalent bond, the two atoms share electrons
15. Below is the structural formula for ethanol. Write the molecular formula.
C2 H6 O
16. Below is the chemical reaction for the combustion of methane. Identify the products and
reactants.
Reactants ——————-> Products
17. Water is the single most important molecule on Earth.
18. Water is a polar molecule because some regions are negatively charged and some regions
are positively charged.
19. What are three properties of water that make it so vital to life on Earth?
1) Water has high surface pressure
2) Water has high heat
3) Ice is less dense than liquid water
20. What is an acid?
A substance that dissociates in water, releasing H* ions
21. What is a base?
Substances that either take H* ions out of solution or release OH- ions
22. A pH of less than 7 is acidic while a pH of more than 7 is basic.
