1.

Which environmental factor most likely triggers or exacerbates symptoms in

susceptible individuals regarding developmental disorders?
A. Consuming organic foods exclusively
C Exposure to traumatic life events
B. Regular exercise routines
D. Volunteering for community service

2. Among the factors contributing to suicidal thoughts and behaviors in individuals with
schizophrenia, which one involves auditory hallucinations commanding self-harm?
A. Social withdrawal
C. Command hallucinations
B. Anxiety disorders
D. Lack of social support

3. A person receives a serious medical diagnosis or experiences a chronic health condition

that requires extensive treatment and lifestyle changes. If the stress associated with
managing the illness becomes overwhelming, they may engage in maladaptive behaviors
such as
A. self-neglect
C. excessive reliance on medications
B. denial of the condition
D. all of the above

4. Children from impoverished families may be unable to afford school supplies,

uniforms, or transportation costs, leading to irregular school attendance and eventual
dropout. Lack of education perpetuates the cycle of poverty, limiting future employment
prospects and perpetuating deviant behaviors.
A. the statement is true in relation to blocked or distorted personal growth.
B. the statement is true in relation to unsatisfactory interpersonal relationship
C. the statement is true in relation to pathological social condition.
D. the statement is true in relation to faulty learning

5. A model of psychological disorder that suggests that physiological causes are root of
abnormal behavior.
A. medical
C. cognitive
B. behavioral
D. humanistic

6. Which of the following best characterizes individuals with neurotic behaviors?

A. They exhibit gross personality disorganization
B. They are always hospitalized due to severe mental illness
C. They are in a state between normality and abnormality
D. They lack any sense of anxiety or tension

7. Which of the following statements about anxiety disorders is true?

A Panic attacks are characterized by mild but continuous worry.
B. Phobic disorders involve fear of situations that pose actual danger.
C. Obsessive-compulsive disorders involve an aversion to cleanliness and orderliness.
D. Asthenic disorders are characterized by excessive sensitivity to pain.

8. What distinguishes dissociative identity disorder (DID) from other dissociative

disorders?
A. Presence of two or more distinct personality states
B. Loss of sense of self or depersonalization

C. Inability to recall past experiences

D. Chronic mental and physical fatigue
9. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individuals with psychopathic
behaviors?
A. Emotional immaturity
B. Lack of capacity for love and emotional involvement
C. Strong conscience and adherence to ethical values
D. Inability to conform to social standards

10. What is the hallmark characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

A. Inability to form social relationships
B. Excessive concern with rules and order
C. Chronic mental and physical fatigue
D. Continuing violation of the rights of others without remorse

11. What distinguishes hypochondriasis from other somatoform disorders?

A. Excessive concern about one's physical health
B. Report of severe and lasting pain without physical basis
C. Symptoms of physical malfunction without organic abnormality
D. Loss of sensitivity to pain and exceptional sensations

12. Which of the following sensory symptoms is characteristic of conversion disorders

(hysteria)?
A. Hyperesthesia
C. Hypesthesia
B. Analgesia
D. Paresthesia

13. What is a key characteristic of neurotic depression?

A. Loss of sensitivity to pain
B. Sadness and dejection
C. Excessive concern about one's physical health
D. Multiple distinct personality states

14. Which personality disorder is characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-

importance and preoccupation with receiving attention?
A. Paranoid Personality
C. Borderline Personality
B. Histrionic Personality
D. Narcissistic Personality

15. What is a common trait of individuals with avoidant personality disorder?

A. Hypersensitivity to rejection
B. Extreme dependence on others
C. Hostility expressed in indirect ways
D. Excessive concern with rules and efficiency

16. Which personality disorder is characterized by instability reflected in drastic mood

shifts and behavior problems?
A. Dependent Personality
C. Borderline Personality
B. Schizoid Personality
D Passive-Aggressive Personality

17. What is a characteristic feature of antisocial personality disorder

A. Inability to maintain good interpersonal relationships
B. Extreme dependence on others
C. Excessive concern with rules and order
D. Chronic mental and physical fatigue

18. Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of individuals with

psychopathic behaviors?
A. Emotional maturity
B. Inability to conform to social standards
C. Absence of a conscience
D. Lack of capacity for love and emotional involvement

19. What is the primary focus of criminal behavior?

A. Extreme elation or extreme depression
B. Continuous worry and tension
C. Violation of societal rules and committing serious crimes
D. Loss of sensitivity to pain and exceptional sensations

20. Which affective disorder is characterized by overactivity, domination, and deficiency

in self- criticism?
A. Neurotic mania
B. Major depressive disorder
C. Neurotic depression
D. Milder forms of affective disturbances

21. In the realm of law enforcement, how is applying psychological concepts different
from depending only on common sense?
A. Subjective judgment takes precedence over objective observations in psychological
principles.
B. When it comes to structuring ideas, common sense is more methodical than
psychology.
 C. Based on scientific expertise, psychological concepts offer a greater comprehension
of human behavior.
D. Common sense produces better results in law enforcement

22. According to the classification of human behavior, what defines complex behavior?
A. It involves repetitive actions driven by emotion and language.
B. It consists of behaviors that are purely instinctual and unlearned.
C. It combines two or more types of classified behaviors.
D. It relies solely on symbolic communication methods

23. Which behavior characteristic describes how long a behavior lasts in terms of the
passage of time?
C. Quantity
A. Extensity
B. Intensity
[Link]

24. What is meant by the word “overt behavior”?

A. Behaviors that are observable
B. Behaviors influenced by external stimuli
C. Behaviors that are hidden from view
D. Behaviors that are complex in nature

25. What type of behavior is characterized by acting with sanity or with reasons?
A. Rational behavior
B. Irrational behavior
C. Voluntary behavior
D. Involuntary behavior

26. Which aspect of behavior involves the conscience and concepts of what is good or
bad?
 A. Moral Aspect
B. Psychosexual Aspect
C. Political Aspect
D. Value/Attitude

27. Which approach to studying human behavior focuses on unconscious motives

stemming from repressed sexual and aggressive impulses in childhood?
A. Neurological
C. Psychoanalytical
B. Behavioral
D. Humanistic

28. What are the two basic factors affecting behavior?

A. Heredity and environment
B. Intelligence and socio-cultural factors
C. 29. According to the notes, what does the term “heredity” primarily refer to?
D. C. Self-assumptions and value judgments

29. Genetic inheritance and family dynamics

A. Socio-cultural influences
B. Characteristics acquired from birth and transferred from one generation to another

C. Environmental factors affecting behavior

D. Personal assumptions about oneself and the world

30. What environmental factor is described as associated with high-frequency problems

and characterized by the inability to cope with ordinary family problems?
A. Pathogenic family structure
B. The discordant/disturbed family
C. The anti-social family
D. The disrupted family
31. Which environmental factor is characterized by dissatisfaction of one or both parents
from the relationship, often due to value differences?
A. The anti-social family
he disrupted family
B. The discordant/disturbed family
E. Pathogenic family structure

32. What does the term “nurture” primarily refer to in the context of behavior
determinants?
A. Characteristics acquired from birth and transferred from one generation to another
B. Environmental factors that influence behavior
C. Self-assumptions about possibilities for change
D. Socio-cultural influences such as war and violence

33. Which component of personality serves as the reservoir of primitive and biological
drives and urges, according to the notes?
A. Ego
B. Superego
C. libido
D. Id
34. How do drives differ from needs?
A. Drives refer to psychological states of tissue deprivation, while needs are aroused
states that result from biological needs.
B. Drives motivate a person to act, while needs are the causes and “why’s” of
behavior.
C. Drives are psychological states of tissue deprivation, while needs are the
triggering factors That move a person to act.
D. Drives cover all of psychology, while needs energize behavior and give its
direction.
35. What term is used to describe individuals’ capacity to withstand prolonged periods of
tension without showing signs of abnormality?
A. Frustration tolerance
B. Neuroticism
C. Psychosis
[Link]

36. What defense mechanism involves discharging pent-up emotions on objects less
dangerous than those that initially aroused the emotion?
A. Displacement
B. Emotional insulation
C. Regression
[Link]/Intellectualization

37. Which defense mechanism involves incorporating external values and standards into
ego structures to protect oneself from external threats?
A. Undoing
B. Identification
C Introjection
d. Repression

38. What is the branch of criminology that deals with the study of victims of crime?
A. Criminology
B. Forensic Science
C. Victimology
D Psychology

39. What is one important step victims of crime can take to seek assistance and support
after being victimized?
 A. Keep the incident to oneself and try to handle it independently
B. Reach out to family, friends, and community members for assistance
C. Rely solely on governmental organizations for support
D. Avoid discussing the incident with anyone to prevent further trauma

40. According to Hans Von Hentig’s classification of victims, which group is often less
physically powerful and easily dominated by males?
A. The young
B. The female
C. The mentally defective
D. The old

41. Which group of victims may become psychologically affected by the effects of crime
through exposure to media reports and witness testimony?
A. Primary Victim
B. Tertiary or Remote Victim
C. Secondary Victim
D. The tormented

42. According to the typology of crimes, which psychological type of victim is described
as someone who eventually becomes a victim due to a desire for companionship or
affection?
A. The lonesome person
B. The heartbroken
C. The tormented
[Link] overly sensual

43. According to Benjamin Mendelsohn’s classification of victim types, who would be

considered an “Imaginary Victim”?
A. Victims with only minor guilt and those victimized due to ignorance
B. The victim who is guiltier than the offender.
C. The most guilty victim “who is guilty alone”.
[Link] suffering from mental disorders, or those victims due to extreme mental
abnormalities.

44. Which term and concept in criminology is often credited to Benjamin Mendelsohn?
A. Victimization and the concept of the Criminal Dyad
B. Victimology and the concept of the Penal Couple
C. Criminalization and the concept of the Justice Equation
D. Victimhood and the concept of the Punitive Union

45. This is impairment in desire for sexual gratification in the male or an inability to
achieve it.
A. masturbation
B prostitution
C. exhibitionism
[Link]

46. This is any pattern of behavior including a habitual, preferred, and compelling need
for sexual gratification by any technique, other than willing coitus between man and
woman and involving actions that are directly results in genital excite.
A. crime against chastity
C. sexual deviation
B. acts of lasciviousness
[Link] offenses

47. A personality disorder characterized by suspiciousness, hypersensitivity, envy,

excessive self important, and argumentativeness, plus a tendency to blame others for
one’s own mistakes and failure and to ascribe evil motives to others
A. Paranoid Personality
C. Schizoid Personality
B. Dependent Personality
[Link] Personality

48. A personality disorder characterized by an inability to form social relationships and

can be classified as “loners”.
A. Paranoid Personality
[Link] Personality
B. Schizoid Personality
E. Borderline Personality

49. It refers to the sum total of man’s reaction to his environment or the way human
beings act.
A. Human Beings
B. Human Behavior
C. Learning
D. Stimulus

50. What is the process of interpreting our behavior in ways to make it more acceptable to
the self usually with the use of good reasons and alibi to substitute for real cause?
A. projection
B. sublimation
C. rationalization
[Link]
51. Among the substances implicated in exacerbating symptoms or increasing the risk of
developmental disorders, which drug abuse has been particularly associated?
A. Opioids
C. Cannabis
B. Benzodiazepines
[Link]

52. Which factor commonly associated with developmental disorders denotes impairment
in social interactions and occupational functioning?
A. Excessive screen time
C. Poor dietary habits
B. High levels of physical activity
[Link] and occupational dysfunction

53. Among the challenges faced by individuals with developmental disorders, which
factor underscores the presence of physical health problems often linked to lifestyle
choices or insufficient access to healthcare?
A. Genetic predisposition
C. Social stigma
B. Environmental pollution
D. Physical health problems

54. Which consequence of impaired decision-making and functioning is commonly

observed Among individuals with developmental Challenges?
A. Impulsive shopping habits
B. Excessive risk-taking behaviors
C. Inability to manage finances effectively
D. Lack of interest in legal matters
 55. Which mental health condition is directly triggered by experiencing or witnessing a
traumatic Event?
A. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
B. Psychopathy

C. Sociopathy
[Link] Disorder

56. Among the following, which term refers to a personality disorder that
manifests as a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of
others, often accompanied by a lack of empathy and remorse?

A. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

C. Sociopathy
B. Psychopathy
D. Schizophrenia

57. Which of the following personality disorders is characterized by antisocial

behavior, deception, and a lack of regard for the law and the rights of others, but
may not necessarily stem from traumatic experiences?

A. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

C. Sociopathy
B. Psychopathy
D. Borderline Personality Disorder

58. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of personality disorders?

A. Short-term patterns of behavior

C. Deviation from cultural expectations
B. Long-term patterns of behavior
D. Impairment in functioning
59. Which of the following is a defining feature of Paranoid Personality Disorder?

A. Unstable sense of self and identity

C. Chronic distrust and suspicion of others
B. Disregard for the rights of others
D. Intense fear of abandonment

60. Which of the following characteristics is most commonly associated with

Schizoid Personality Disorder?

A. Intense fear of social rejection

B. Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships
C. Impulsivity and reckless behavior
D. Excessive need for admiration and attention

61. Which of the following is a hallmark feature of Schizotypal Personality

Disorder?

A. Strong desire for intimate relationships

B. Disregard for societal rules and norms
C. Pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits
D. Excessive need for affirmation and praise

62. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Histrionic Personality

Disorder?

A. Detachment and limited emotional expression

B. Preoccupation with orderliness and perfectionist
C. Attention-seeking behavior and exaggerated emotions
D. Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others

63. Which behavior is most characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder?

A. Avoidance of social situations

B. Low self-esteem and self-confidence
C. Grandiosity and a sense of entitlement
D. Excessive dependence on others for validation
 64. Which of the following is a defining feature of Borderline Personality
Disorder?

A. Consistent and stable interpersonal relationships

B. Strong sense of self and identity
C. Impulsivity and unstable emotions
D. Fear of abandonment and rejection

65. Which of the following is NOT typically considered in victim profiling?

A. Demographic characteristics
B. Psychological traits
C. Social media activity
D. Offender's motives

66. Which of the following best describes the concept of Victim Precipitation
Theory?

A. The idea that all victims are responsible for the crimes committed against them
B. The notion that victims may play an active role in the events leading to their
victimization
C. The theory that the perpetrator's psychological state entirely determines criminal
behavior
[Link] belief that victimization is solely a result of random chance and bad luck

[Link] of the following is a criticism commonly associated with Victim Precipitation

Theory?

A it overemphasizes the role of environmental factors in crime

B. It fails to acknowledge the psychological impact on the offender
C. It can lead to victim blaming by suggesting victims are partly responsible for their
victimization
D. It ignores the importance of legal and judicial responses to crime

68. Which of the following best explains the core idea of Lifestyle Theory in the context
of victimization?
A. Victimization occurs purely by chance, with no connection to the victim’s
behavior.
B. Victimization is more likely to happen to individuals who engage in high-risk
lifestyles or behaviors
B. Genetic predispositions solely influence criminal behavior.
D. Victimization rates are uniformly distributed across all demographic groups
regardless of Lifestyle.

69. According to Lifestyle Theory, which factor would most likely increase an
individual’s risk of becoming a victim of crime?
A. Maintaining a routine, predictable daily schedule
B. Living in a low-crime, suburban neighborhood
C. Frequently engaging in activities late at night in high-crime areas
D. Avoiding social interactions and public places

70. According to Routine Activities Theory, which of the following is NOT one of the
three elements necessary for a crime to occur?
A. A motivated offender
C. The absence of capable guardians
B. A suitable target
D. The presence of an accomplice
71. Routine Activities Theory posits that crime rates can increase when which of the
following conditions is met?
A. Increased levels of community surveillance and social cohesion
B. A decrease in the number of motivated offenders
C. in increase in the availability of suitable targets and a decrease in capable
guardians
D. The implementation of stricter law enforcement policies

72. Which of the following best describes the concept of Victim-Offender Overlap?
A. The theory that victims and offenders are always distinct and separate groups
B. The phenomenon where individuals who commit crimes are also more likely to be
victims of crime
C. The belief that victims and offenders share no common characteristics
[Link] idea that only offenders can become victims under certain circumstances

73. Which factors are commonly cited as contributing to the Victim-Offender Overlap?

A. High levels of community engagement and support

B. Socioeconomic stability and low stress levels
C. Engagement in risky behaviors and environments
[Link] family connections and protective social networks

74. Victim Precipitation Theory suggests that victims may play a role in their own
victimization. Which of the following is an example of active victim precipitation?

A. Being in the wrong place at the wrong time

B. Provoking an attacker with aggressive behavior
C. Wearing expensive jewelry in a high-crime area
D. Living in a neighborhood with high crime rates
75. Which of the following is a potential consequence of applying Victim Precipitation
Theory to crime analysis?
A. Increasing focus on improving law enforcement strategies
B. B. Encouraging victim blaming and reducing offender accountability
C. Enhancing community support programs for victims
D. D. Developing better crime prevention techniques

76. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the principles of Lifestyle Theory
about victimization risk
A. An individual is randomly selected for a survey about local crime rates.
B. A person who works from home and rarely goes out becomes a victim of identity
theft.
C. A college student who frequently attends late-night parties in high-crime areas is
mugged while walking home alone.
D. A retiree living in a quiet, gated community has their home burglarized while on
vacation.

77. Which of the following best exemplifies Deviant Place Theory in the context of
victimization?
A. An individual who avoids high-risk activities is less likely to become a victim of
crime.
B. A person becomes a victim of crime primarily because they live or spend time in areas
with High crime rates, regardless of their personal behavior.
C. Victimization occurs due to the victim’s direct provocation or instigation of the
offender.
D. Crime rates are uniformly distributed and not influenced by geographic location.

78. According to Routine Activity Theory, which combination of elements is necessary

for a crime to occur?
A. Motivated offender, willing accomplice, lack of alibi
B. B. Suitable target, capable guardian, social support
C. Motivated offender, suitable target, absence of capable guardians
D. Suitable target, motivated offender, neighborhood watch
 79. Under RA 9262, also known as the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children
Act of 2004 in the Philippines, which of the following actions is considered an act of
violence against women and their children?

A. Encouraging a child to participate in sports

B. Providing financial support to the family
C. Inflicting physical harm or threatening to do so
D. Enrolling a child in school without the mother’s consent

80. RA 6981, also known as the Witness Protection, Security and Benefit Act in the
Philippines, aims to protect individuals who testify in criminal cases. Which of the
following benefits is Provided under RA 6981?
A. Immunity from all criminal charges
B. Lifetime financial support
[Link] protection and relocation assistance
[Link] dismissal of all previous convictions