Certified Fiber Optics Installer (FOI)

Instalador de Fibra Óptica Certificado

Competency Requirements
The Fiber Optic Installer standalone certification is for individuals trained in the practice of installing fiber optic
cabling at premises facilities. A special course, fee and hands-on skills exam from an ETA approved school are
the required pre-requisites before sitting for this knowledge exam. If not specifically stated, the most recent
technical standard revision is referenced.
The following knowledge competency listing identifies the individual subject topics which Fiber Optics Installers
are expected to learn in preparation for the ETA® International FOI certification written examination:

1.0 HISTORY OF FIBER OPTICS AND BROADBAND ACCESS

Historia de la fibra óptica y el acceso de banda ancha
1.1 Trace the evolution of light in communications
1.2 Summarize the evolution of optical fiber manufacturing technology
1.3 Track the evolution of optical fiber integration and application
1.4 Describe the role of fiber optics in high-speed Internet access

2.0 PRINCIPLES OF FIBER OPTIC TRANSMISSION

Principios de la transmisión por fibra óptica
2.1 Describe the basic parts of a fiber-optic link
2.2 Describe the basic operation of a fiber-optic transmitter
2.3 Describe the basic operation of a fiber-optic receiver
2.4 Explain how to express gain and loss using the decibel (dB)
2.5 Explain how to express optical power in dBm (measured power referenced to one milliwatt)

3.0 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LIGHT

Principios básicos de la luz
3.1 Describe light as electromagnetic energy
3.2 Describe light as particles and waves
3.3 Describe the electromagnetic spectrum and locate light frequencies (wavelengths) within the
spectrum in relation to radio and microwave communication frequencies
3.4 Describe the refraction of light
3.5 Explain how the index of refraction is used to express the speed of light through a transparent
medium
3.6 Explain reflection to include angle of incidence, critical angle, angle of refraction, and total
internal reflection
3.7 Explain Snell’s law and its use to calculate the critical angle of incidence
3.8 Explain Fresnel reflections and how they impact the performance of a fiber optic communication
system

4.0 OPTICAL FIBER CONSTRUCTION AND THEORY

Construcción y teoría de la fibra óptica
4.1 Describe the basic parts of an optical fiber
4.2 List the major standards organizations that publish standards that define the performance of
optical fibers used in the telecommunications industry
4.3 List the different materials that can be used to construct an optical fiber
4.4 Describe the tensile strength of an optical fiber
4.5 Describe optical fiber manufacturing techniques
4.6 Describe mode in an optical fiber
4.7 Describe how the number of modes in an optical fiber is defined by core diameter and
wavelength
4.8 Describe the refractive index profiles commonly found in optical fiber
4.9 Explain the propagation of light through a multimode step index optical fiber

FOI Competencies 1 © Copyright 2023, ETA® International, All Rights Reserved

 ETA® International – Fiber Optics Installer Knowledge Competencies

4.10 Explain the propagation of light through a multimode graded index optical fiber
4.11 Explain the propagation of light through a single-mode optical fiber
4.12 Describe the location and function of an optical trench
4.13 Describe the advantages of single-mode and multimode bend insensitive optical fiber

5.0 OPTICAL FIBER CHARACTERISTICS

Características de la fibra óptica
5.1 Describe dispersion in an optical fiber
5.2 Describe modal dispersion and its effects on the bandwidth of an optical fiber
5.3 Describe material dispersion and its effects on the bandwidth of an optical fiber
5.4 Explain waveguide dispersion in a single-mode optical fiber.
5.5 Explain chromatic dispersion in an optical fiber
5.6 Explain polarization mode dispersion in a single-mode optical fiber
5.7 Describe how dispersion affects bandwidth in an optical fiber
5.8 Describe the causes of attenuation in an optical fiber
5.9 Describe attenuation versus wavelength in an optical fiber
5.10 Describe a microbend in an optical fiber
5.11 Describe a macrobend in an optical fiber
5.12 Explain the difference between a bend sensitive and bend insensitive single-mode optical fiber
5.13 Explain the difference between a bend sensitive and bend insensitive multimode optical fiber
5.14 Describe the numerical aperture of an optical fiber
5.15 Explain how optical fibers are designated in ISO/IEC 11801
5.16 Explain how optical fibers are designated in IEC 60793-2-10 and IEC 60793-2-50
5.17 Describe how optical fibers are designated in ANSI/TIA-568- and TIA-492-AAA(x)
5.18 Describe how the International Telecommunications Union (ITU ) designates optical fibers
5.19 Describe the performance characteristics of ANSI/TIA-568- and ISO/IEC 11801-recognized
optical fibers
5.20 Describe the performance characteristics of ITU-T G.652, ITU-T G.655, and ITU-T G.657 single-
mode optical fibers
5.21 Describe the attenuation and bandwidth characteristics of HCS/PCS (Hard Clad Silica/Plastic
Clad Silica) and plastic optical fibers

6.0 FIBER OPTIC SAFETY

Seguridad de fibra óptica
6.1 Cite the government agency that publishes and enforces regulations on safety in the workplace
6.2 Explain how to safely handle and dispose of fiber optic cable and bare optical fiber
6.3 List the laser hazard classifications of fiber optic light sources and describe the dangers
associated with each
6.4 Describe potential chemical hazards in the fiber optic environment and explain the purpose of
the material safety data sheet (MSDS or SDS)
6.5 Describe potential electrical hazards in the fiber optic installation environment
6.6 Describe typical work place hazards in the fiber optic environment

7.0 FIBER OPTIC CABLES

Cables de fibra óptica
7.1 Explain the purpose of each component displayed in a cross section view of a fiber optic cable
7.2 Explain why and where loose buffer fiber optic cable is used
7.3 Describe the difference between gel-filled and gel-free loose buffer fiber optic cables
7.4 Describe tight buffer fiber optic cable
7.5 Compare common strength members found in fiber optic cables
7.6 Name common jacket materials found in fiber optic cables
7.7 Describe simplex and duplex cordage and explain the difference between cordage and cable
7.8 Describe the characteristics of the following:
7.8.1 Distribution cable
7.8.2 Breakout cable
7.8.3 Armored cable
7.8.4 Messenger cable

FOI Competencies 2 © Copyright 2023, ETA® International, All Rights Reserved

 ETA® International – Fiber Optics Installer Knowledge Competencies

7.8.5 Ribbon cable

7.8.6 Submarine cable
7.8.7 Hybrid cable
7.8.8 Composite cable
7.9 Explain how and when a fan-out kit is used
7.10 Explain how and when a breakout kit is used
7.11 Describe the National Electrical Code (NEC ) fiber-optic cable types
7.12 Describe the NEC listing requirements for fiber-optic cables
7.13 Explain the difference between a listed and nonlisted fiber-optic cable
7.14 List the types of markings typically found on the jacket of a fiber-optic cable
7.15 Describe the TIA-598- color-coding scheme for individual fibers bundled in a fiber-optic cable
7.16 Describe the TIA-598- color-coding scheme for premises cable jackets
7.17 Explain how numbering is used to identify the individual fibers bundled in a fiber-optic cable
7.18 Describe how to use sequential markings to determine fiber-optic cable length

8.0 SPLICING
Empalmando
8.1 Describe the intrinsic factors that affect splice performance
8.2 Describe the extrinsic factors that affect splice performance
8.3 Explain how a mechanical splice creates a low loss interconnection
8.4 Describe how to assemble a mechanical splice
8.5 Explain how a fusion splicer creates a low loss interconnection
8.6 Describe the basic operation of a fusion splicer
8.7 Describe the different alignment techniques that can be used to align the optical fibers
8.8 Explain how to assemble and protect a fusion splice
8.9 List the ANSI/TIA-568- inside plant splice performance requirements
8.10 List ANSI/TIA-758- and Telcordia GR-20 outside plant splice performance requirements
8.11 Describe the Telcordia GR-765 required and objective fusion splice insertion loss requirements
for passive and active alignment splicers

9.0 CONNECTORS
Conectores
9.1 Describe the basic components of a fiber optic connector
9.2 Describe common connector ferrule materials
9.3 List the intrinsic factors that affect connector performance
9.4 List the extrinsic factors that affect connector performance
9.5 Describe the following endface geometries:
9.5.1 Flat
9.5.2 Curved
9.5.3 Angled
9.5.4 Lensed
9.6 Describe return or back reflections, return loss, and reflectance in an interconnection
9.7 Explain how endface geometry affects return loss and reflectance
9.8 Describe how an interferometer is used in the evaluation of endface geometry
9.9 Describe the following critical parameters that are required by Telcordia GR-326 to evaluate
connector endface geometry for single-mode connectors and jumper assemblies:
9.9.1 Radius of curvature
9.9.2 Apex offset
9.9.3 Fiber undercut or protrusion
9.10 Explain the difference between a contact and noncontact connector
9.11 Describe the ANSI/TIA-568- recognized connectors
9.12 Describe small form factor connectors
9.13 Describe MPO connectors (aka Array connectors)
9.14 Describe a pigtail and the potential advantages it offers over field terminations
9.15 Describe the steps involved in an oven cured epoxy connector termination and polish
9.16 Describe the steps involved in an anaerobic epoxy connector termination and polish
9.17 Explain how machine polishing produces a better, more consistent endface than hand polishing
9.18 Describe pre-polished connector termination techniques

FOI Competencies 3 © Copyright 2023, ETA® International, All Rights Reserved

 ETA® International – Fiber Optics Installer Knowledge Competencies

9.19 Explain how to properly clean a connector endface using dry cleaning techniques
9.20 Explain how to properly clean a connector endface using wet-dry cleaning techniques
9.21 Explain how to examine the endface of a connector per ANSI/TIA-455-57- and IEC 61300-3-35
9.22 List the ANSI/TIA-568- maximum insertion and return loss values for multimode and single-
mode mated connector pairs
9.23 List the ITU-T G.671 maximum insertion loss and reflectance values for single-mode single-fiber
mated connector pairs
9.24 Explain how to use the ANSI/TIA-568- color code to identify multimode and single-mode
connectors and adapters

10.0 FIBER OPTIC LIGHT SOURCES

Fuentes de luz de fibra óptica
10.1 Describe the basic operation and types of LED light sources used in fiber optic communications
10.2 Describe the basic operation and types of laser light sources used in fiber optic communications
10.3 Describe LED performance characteristics
10.4 Describe laser performance characteristics
10.5 Describe the performance characteristics of an LED transmitter
10.6 Describe the performance characteristics of a laser transmitter
10.7 Explain the difference between a serial and parallel laser transmitter
10.8 Describe the laser types and wavelengths associated with serial and parallel laser transmitters
10.9 Describe the optical fiber types associated with VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser)
serial and parallel laser transmitters
10.10 Explain the safety classifications of the light sources used in fiber optic communication

11.0 FIBER OPTIC DETECTORS AND RECEIVERS

Detectores y receptores de fibra óptica
11.1 Describe the basic operation of a photodiode
11.2 Describe the basic components in a fiber optic receiver
11.3 Explain dynamic range and operating wavelength
11.4 Explain why an optical attenuator may be used in a communication system

12.0 CABLE INSTALLATION AND HARDWARE

Instalación de cables y hardware (soporte físico, ferretería)
12.1 Explain manufacturer installation cable specifications
12.2 Discuss ANSI/TIA-568- performance specifications for the optical fiber cables recognized in
premises cabling standards to include:
12.2.1 Inside plant cable
12.2.2 Indoor-outdoor cable
12.2.3 Outside plant cable
12.2.4 Drop cable
12.3 Explain the static and dynamic loading on a fiber optic cable during installation
12.4 Describe commonly used installation hardware
12.5 Summarize the following types of preparation:
12.5.1 Patch panel
12.5.2 Racks and cable
12.5.3 Splice enclosure
12.6 Describe the following types of installations:
12.6.1 Tray and duct
12.6.2 Conduit
12.6.3 Direct burial
12.6.4 Aerial
12.6.5 Blown fiber
12.6.6 Wall plate
12.7 Describe the permitted locations defined in NEC Article 770 for the following cables:
12.7.1 Plenum
12.7.2 Riser
12.7.3 General-purpose
12.7.4 Unlisted conductive and nonconductive outside plant cables

FOI Competencies 4 © Copyright 2023, ETA® International, All Rights Reserved

 ETA® International – Fiber Optics Installer Knowledge Competencies

12.8 Describe the NEC fiber-optic cable types that might require grounding or isolation
12.9 Explain entrance cable bonding and grounding per NEC Articles 250, 770.93, and 770.100
12.10 Recognize that ANSI/TIA-606- concisely describes the administrative record keeping elements
of a modern telecommunications infrastructure
12.11 Explain that the administration includes basic documentation and the timely updating of
drawings, labels, and records
12.12 Explain why proper polarity is required to ensure the operation of bidirectional fiber optic
communication systems
12.13 Explain the roles of the following:
12.13.1 National Electrical Code (NEC)
12.13.2 Canadian Electrical Code (CEC)
12.13.3 National Electrical Safety Code (NESC)

13.0 FIBER OPTIC SYSTEM ADVANTAGES

Ventajas del sistema de fibra óptica
13.1 Compare the bandwidth advantages of optical fiber over twisted pair and coaxial copper cables
13.2 Compare the attenuation advantages of optical fiber over twisted pair and coaxial copper cables
13.3 Explain the electromagnetic immunity advantages of fiber optic cable over copper cable
13.4 Describe the size advantages of fiber optic cable over copper cable
13.5 Describe the weight-saving advantages of fiber optic cable over copper cable
13.6 Describe the security advantages of fiber optic cable over copper cable
13.7 Compare the safety advantages of fiber optic cables over copper cables

14.0 TEST EQUIPMENT AND LINK/CABLE TESTING

Equipos de prueba y Las pruebas de enlace / cable
14.1 Explain why test equipment calibration should be traceable to the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) calibration standard
14.2 Describe the types of fiber optic test equipment that can be used to test for continuity
14.2.1 Explain how to non-intrusively test a cable plant to identify/locate live traffic
14.3 Explain the use of a visual fault locator (VFL) when troubleshooting a fiber span
14.4 Describe the basic operation of a multimode and single-mode optical loss test set (OLTS)
14.5 Explain the difference between a patch cord and a measurement quality jumper (MQJ)
14.6 Define the purpose of a mode filter
14.7 Explain why five small-radius nonoverlapping loops around a mandrel may be required on the
transmit jumper when measuring multimode link attenuation in accordance with ANSI/TIA-526-14-A
14.8 Explain why a single turn 30mm in diameter loop must be applied to the transmit jumper when
measuring single-mode link attenuation in accordance with ANSI/TIA-526-7
14.9 Explain why the encircled flux requirement was developed for multimode link attenuation
measurements
14.10 Explain why multimode insertion loss measurements being performed in accordance with
ANSI/TIA-526-14- require a modal controller on the transmit jumper
14.11 Describe how to measure the optical loss in a patch cord with an OLTS using the steps
described in ANSI/TIA-526-14, method A, two-test jumper reference
14.12 Summarize the basic operation of an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR)
14.13 Describe the required Tier 1 Testing tasks and equipment
14.14 Describe the required Tier 2 Testing tasks and equipment

End of FOI Knowledge Competencies

Find an ETA approved training organization: https://www.etai.org/course_approvals.html

(Listing by State, or by Military, or Internationally)

Find an ETA approved test site (approved training): https://www.etai.org/test_sites.html

(Listing by map)

FOI Competencies 5 © Copyright 2023, ETA® International, All Rights Reserved

 ETA® International – Fiber Optics Installer Knowledge Competencies

Suggested Additional Study Materials/Resources for ETA Fiber Optics Installer Certification:

Fiber Optics Installer (FOI) Certification Exam Guide, Bill Woodward; ISBN 978-1119011507; Sybex, Inc.;
November 2014; softcover; 560 ppg. Available through ETA 800-288-3824, www.etai.org
Cabling: The Complete Guide to Copper and Fiber-Optic Networking, 5E; Andrew Oliviero, Bill
Woodward; ISBN 978-1-118-80732-3; Sybex, Inc.; March 2014; softcover; 1284 ppg. Available through
ETA 800-288-3824, www.etai.org
Comunicaciones con Fibra Óptica Guía de Estudios Técnicos, primera edición; Dr. Rodolfo Veloz, DBA,
CETmsFO, CETmsIT, MBA; ISBN 978-956-410-624-3; Registro de la Cámara Chilena del Libro; Octubre
2022; softcover, full color; 600 ppg (511 + Anexo ppg.), https://instituto.brainamics.net/ {SPANISH}
Four Years of Broadband Growth; The White House; June 2013; 28 ppg;
http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/broadband_report_final.pdf
2018 Broadband Deployment Report; Federal Communications Commission; Feb.2,2018; 89 ppg;
https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research/reports/broadband-progress-reports/2018-broadband-deployment-report
Troubleshooting Optical Fiber Networks: Understanding and Using Optical Time-Domain
Reflectometers, 2E; Duwayne Anderson, Larry Johnson, Florian Bell; ISBN 978- 0387098470; Elsevier
Academic Press; May 2004; hardcover; 437 ppg; 800-545-2522
Technology Series Videos and CDs; The Light Brigade, 800-451-7128, www.lightbrigade.com
FNT Fiber Optic Installer, Rev.2; Jeffrey Dominique, FOT; 2005; FNT Publ.; $45, Available: www.f-n-t.com;
(formerly Fiber Optic Theory & Applications; the FNT Fiber Optic Installer,Rev.3 will be available 2016);
How We Do & Should Not, Should & May Not, Clean & Inspect a Fiber Optic Connection; Edward J.
Forrest, Jr; ISBN: 978-1517210113; RMS; Sept 2015; softcover; 92 ppg; —Available through Ed’s website:
www.fiberopticprecisioncleaning.com or use code FVCFR80DX for a 20% discount on all
www.createspace.com orders; Video Postings: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1a552-
2i620UP6mM9WhwRg
Technicians Guide to Fiber Optics, 4E; Donald J. Sterling; ISBN 1-4018-1270-8; Delmar Learning; Dec 2003;
hardcover; 384 ppg; Available through ETA 800-288-3824, www.etai.org
Fiber Optic Installer's Field Manual; Bob Chomycz; ISBN 0-07-135604-5; McGraw-Hill; Jun 2000; softcover;
368 ppg; —Available through ETA at 800-288-3824, www.etai.org
Fiber Optic Installer and Technician Guide; Bill Woodward, Emile Husson; ISBN 978-0782143904; Sybex,
Inc; July 2005; hardcover; 496 ppg; Available through ETA 800-288-3824, www.etai.org
Fiber Optic Communications; James N. Downing; ISBN 978-1401866358; Delmar Cengage Learning;
September 2004; softcover; 378 ppg; Available through ETA 800-288-3824, www.etai.org
Understanding Fiber Optics, 5E; Jeff Hecht; ISBN: 978-0131174290; Prentice-Hall; April 2005; hardcover;
800 ppg
Introduction to Fiber Optics, 3E; John Crisp, Barry Elliott; ISBN 978-0750667562; Newnes; Dec 2005;
softcover; 245 ppg
National Electrical Code®, 2023; National Fire Protection Assn., Oct.,2022; www.nfpa.org
National Electrical Safety Code®, 2023; IEEE Standards Assn.; www.ieee.org

Also contact ETA at www.etai,org or 1-800-288-3824 for more information, numerous links, locations for
training sites, additional white papers, articles and the latest Fiber updates.
https://www.etai.org/industry_links_and_resources.html

ETA certification programs are accredited through ICAC,

complying with the ISO/IEC 17024 standard.

FOI Competencies 6 © Copyright 2023, ETA® International, All Rights Reserved

 ETA® International – Fiber Optics Installer Knowledge Competencies

FIBER Committee Chairman, Bill Woodward, P.E.,FOD wrwoodward@outlook.com

Agard, Rich, FOI, RESIma Phila. Fiber Optic Training, (PA) ragard@aol.com
Alicto, Al, FOI alalicto@gmail.com
Arndt, David, FOI Casper College, (WY) darndt@caspercollege.edu
Baker, Steven G, FOT Sheppard AFB, (TX)
Barks, Kevin W., SFF Kitco Fiber Optics, (VA)
Bonner, Dr. Tommy VIAVI, (MS, TN)
Booth, Richard, FOI, FOT ETA International, (AZ) richard.w.booth@gmail.com
Burch, Glenn, SAEFAB, FOT Kitco Fiber Optics, (VA) glenn.burch@kitcofo.com
Casbeer, Chuck, FOD Infotec, ECPI University, (VA) ccasbeer@infotecpro.com
Cruz, CW3 Mickael, FOT, CETsr U.S. Army, (KY)
Dadaian, Scott Kitco Fiber Optics, (VA)) scott.dadaian@kitcofo.com
Dominique, Jeffrey, FOI, FOT Fiber Network Training, (AZ) jeffdominique@f-n-t.com
Dover, Tom Dover Telecom.Serv., (UT)
Engebretson, David, ESNT, TTT SlaytonSolutions, Ltd/SNI, (IL) slaytonsolutions@sbcglobal.net
Farmer, Jonathan, FOI US Army CECOM
Forrest, Jr., Ed RaceMarketingServices, (GA) edwforrest@gmail.com
Giordano, Timothy, FOT, CETsr USMC, (CA) gio0905@gmail.com
Gosnay, Greg, FOI, FOT Yeager Career Ctr, (WV) ggosnay@access.k12.wv.us
Goudy, J. Joe, FOI, CETsr IHCC, (IA)
Gray, Renelle, FOI, CETa, CSS Retired., (TX)
Groves, JB, FOI, FOT, et al WCJC Ft. Bend Tech. Ctr., (TX) jbgroves@wcjc.edu
Guadalupe, Felipe Kitco Fiber Optics, (VA) felipe.guadalupe@kitcofo.com
Johnson, Larry The Fiber Story, (WA) fiberstory@gmail.com
Kelly, Sean, RCDD Light Brigade, (WA)
Knapp, Greyson, FOT-OSP APEX Optics, ((TX) greysonk@gmail.com
Kostner, Paul, FOT-OSP, FOI WITC.edu, (WI)
Limtiaco, John, FOI, DCI L & K Communications, (Guam) anital@teleguam.net
Majcher, CW5 David, FOT, GROL U.S.Army, (GA)
Milione, Dr. Ron, CETma, FOD PSEG-Wireless Comm, (NY)
Neukam, Paul, FOI, FOT-OSP, RCDD SiteWise , (IN) paul@sitewiseinc.com
O’Shay, L. Celeste FOIRandD, Ltd, (WA) w47lton@frontier.com
Osvatic, John, CETsr, FOT, Retired, (WI)
Proudley, Dr. Geoff, SAFF AVOptics, Ltd, (Yeovil, UK) geoff.proudley@avoptics.com
Rivera, Kenneth, FOT J M Fiber Optics, (CA) krivera@jmfiberoptics.com
Sheedy, Sean, FOT-OSP, FOI Optical Resources, Light Brigade, (ID) 1625nm@gmx.com
Shirk, Brian, FOI,FOT Amphenol, (TX) bshirk@fibersystems.com
Shoemaker, Phil, FOT-OSP Light Brigade, (TX) pshoemaker@lightbrigade.com
Siahmakoun, Dr. Azad Rose-Hulman Inst.Tech., (IN) siamako@rose-hulman.edu
Smith, Joe, FOI Telecom Training Div-TEEX, (TX) joe.smith@teexmail.tamu.edu
Stone, Don, SAEFAB,FOT,CFODE Kitco Fiber Optics, (VA) dstone@kitcofo.com
Starnes, Dede, Corning, (NC)
Stover, Robert, FOI, FOT, DCI Advanced Tech. Ctr. (VA)
Taha, Khalid, FOD,FOT,FOI ECPI University (VA) ktaha@ecpi.edu
Teague, Brian, Senko, (SC) brian.teague@senko.com
Thiam, Boon Kwee, FOI, FOT FiberOpto Asia, PTE, Ltd thiambk@fiberopto.com
Tyquiengco, Ricky S., FOI, DCI Guam Comm College, (GU) ricky.tyquiengco1@guamcc.edu
Van Wemmer, Keith, FOI, FOT-OSP VanTek Consulting, LLC (AZ) SocialNet@VanTekConsulting.net
Veloz Perez, Dr. Rodolfo, CETms(F) Brainamics, (Chile) Rodolfo@brainamics.net
Wasser, Leonard, FOI Tool Pouch Training, (CA)
Wheeler, Larry, FOI, FOT-OSP Retired, (ID)
Wilson, Doug FiberQA, (CT) dwilson@fiberqu.com
Wolszczak, Steve Midwest Lightwave, (IN) steve@MidwestLightwave.com
Wood, A. Dean CCofVA
Wood, Larry, AFT, FEEC Spirit AeroSystems, (KS)

FOI Competencies 7 © Copyright 2023, ETA® International, All Rights Reserved