A2.
2: Complex Analysis
Sheet 4: Sections 3.5 and 3.6 — MT24
1. Identify and classify the isolated singularities of the following functions.
sin 2πz 1 2 1
3
, 1
, sin .
z (2z − 1) exp z + 2 z
Calculate the residue at each of their isolated singularities.
2. (Extra practice)
Classify the isolated singularities of the following functions
π z2 − z (cos z − 1)
, , .
tan πz 1 − sin z (ez − 1)2
Calculate the residue at each of their isolated singularities.
3. Let f be a function holomorphic in the entire plane except for a finite number of singular
points. We assume that all singularities are inside a positively oriented curve γ. Show
that Z
f (1/z)
f (z)dz = 2πi Resz=0 .
γ z2
[Hint: Write the Laurent expansion in a sufficiently large annulus.]
4. Use the argument principle to compute the number of the roots in the right half-plane
of the polynomial
p(z) = z 4 + 8z 3 + 3z 2 + 8z + 3.
5. (Extra challenge) We say that a holomorphic function f is univalent if it is injective.
Let fn : U → C be a sequence of univalent functions such that fn → f uniformly on
K for every compact K ⊂ U . Show that the limit function f is either univalent or
constant.
[Hint: use Rouché’s theorem.]
6. (Extra challenge)
(i) Show that if f is an entire function such that limz→∞ f (z) = ∞ then f is a
polynomial. [Hint: consider g(z) = f (1/z).]
(ii) Show that if f is a meromorphic function such that limz→∞ f (z) = ∞ then f is a
rational function.
Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford Page 1 of 2
Dmitry Belyaev: belyaev@maths.ox.ac.uk
A2.2: Complex Analysis: Sheet 4: Sections 3.5 and 3.6 — MT24
7. Evaluate, using a keyhole contour cut along the positive real axis, or otherwise,
Z ∞ 1/2
x log x
dx.
0 (1 + x)2
8. By considering the integral Z
πdw
Γn w2 sin πw
where Γn is the square in C with vertices ±(n + 1/2)(1 ± i) show that
π2 1 1 1
=1− + − + ···
12 4 9 16
(You may assume that there exists C such that |csc πw| ⩽ C on Γn for all n and all w.)
9. Evaluate the principle value of the following integral
Z ∞
(x + 1) cos(x)
dx.
−∞ x2 + 1
10. Let n ⩾ 2. By using the contour comprising [0, R] , the circular arc from R to Re2πi/n ,
and 0, Re2πi/n , show that
Z ∞
dx π π
= csc .
0 1 + xn n n
11. Let f be meromorphic in a domain U and γ be a simple closed curve inside U . Assume
that f has no poles or zeros on γ ∗ . Show that f has finitely many zeroes inside γ. Is it
true that f has finitely many roots inside U ?
12. (Extra challenge) Let f be holomorphic and bounded in the unit disc D. Then for every
ζ ∈ D we have ZZ
1 f (z)dxdy
f (ζ) = .
π D (1 − z̄ζ)2
[Hint: rewrite the integral in polar coordinates and compute it using residues.]
Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford Page 2 of 2
Dmitry Belyaev: belyaev@maths.ox.ac.uk
