Faculty of
Architecture, Planning and Surveying
Sustainable and Large-Scale Construction
CMA 534
LECTURE 1 – Introduction to IBS
LECTURE OUTLINE
• Introduction to IBS
History of IBS
IBS in Malaysia
• Classifications of IBS
Open Building System
Close Building System
• Types of IBS
Precast Framing System
Reusable System Formwork
Steel Framing System
Timber Framing System
Blockwork System
Innovative System
• Benefits of IBS
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Definitions
Sources Definition
Abdus Salam and Chai Kim Soon The industrialized process by which components of a building are
(1986) conceived, planned, fabricated, transported and erected on site.
Esa and Nuruddin (1998) IBS is a continuum beginning from utilising craftsmen for every aspect of
construction to a system that make use of manufacturing production in
order to minimise resource wastage and enhance value for end users.
Warswaski (1999) Industrialised process is an investment in equipment, facilities, and
technology with the objectives of maximising production, minimising
labour resources and improving quality while a building system is a set
of interconnected element that joint together to enable the designated
performance of a building.
Trikha (1999) IBS is a system in which all building components such as wall, floor, slab,
beam, column and staircase are mass produced either in factory or at
site under strict quality control and minimal on site activities.
Shaari (2004) IBS can be defined as products, systems and techniques used in making
construction less labour-oriented, faster as well as quality controlled. It
generally involves prefabricated products, factory manufactured
elements that transported to the construction sites and erected.
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According to CIDB Malaysia (2003):-
“IBS may be defined as construction systems in which components are
manufactured in controlled environment, on or off-site, transported,
positioned and assembled into a structure with minimal additional
site works”.
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History of IBS
In Malaysia, the history of IBS can be linked back to the
year 1964, where then, the government sent an architect
from Jabatan Kerja Raya (Public Works Department) and
KPKT to Europe to learn more on industrialised buildings.
The housing industry has started experimenting with
Contractor – JV Gammon
industrialised construction in the late 1960’s with the
Completed – 27 months
construction of two pilot projects of high rise low cost
flats:-
1. 7 blocks of 17-storeys (3,000 units of flats and 40
units of shop lot) in Jalan Pekeliling, Kuala Lumpur
in 1966
2. 6 blocks of 17-storeys and 3 blocks of 18-storeys in
Jalan Padang Tembak, Pulau Pinang in 1969
Contractors –
Hochtief & Chee Seng Page 5
Hybrid application of IBS has started to make a mark in
Malaysia since 1990’s.
Among the projects:-
1. KLIA
2. Bukit Jalil Stadium
3. Putrajaya
4. KL Central
5. Kuala Lumpur Tower
6. KLCC
7. LRT
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IBS in Malaysia
IBS Roadmap 2003-2010
• Government projects should use at least 50% of IBS
(Revised in 2008: every government project of RM10
million and above should use at least 70% of IBS)
• Tax incentives which is known as Accelerated Capital
Allowance (ACA) – imposed to the IBS manufacturer to
import IBS mould.
• Levy exemptions
IBS Roadmap 2011-2015
• It is a continuous effort from the government to
promote IBS
• 70% of IBS usage in the government project.
• Encourage the private sector to use at least 50% of IBS in
their project starting from 2012.
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Page 8
KPIs’ OF IBS
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Modular Coordination (MC)
• MC was legislated in UBBL in 2010.
• MC is a dimensional system that should be integrated
with the application of IBS in construction project.
• MC is being included in the Malaysia Standard (MS)
1064.
IBS Content Scoring System
• In April 2005, a standard has been developed to
measure the usage of IBS in the construction project.
• The standard has been revised twice, once in 2010 and
the latest in 2018.
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Classifications of IBS
OPEN
• A system that focuses on the need of the end
BUILDING
users.
SYSTEM
CLOSE • Can be classified into two categories:-
BUILDING Based on client’s design.
SYSTEM Production based on precaster’s /manufacturers design.
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Close Building System
Most of the industrialised building system available in the country is based on the closed system
concept - complete systems which are self-contained and independent of other systems.
Factory
fabrication/production &
site assembled
Require
Each system is
unique CHARACTERISTICS sophisticated
organisation
Require efficient
transport system
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Open Building System
• Open Building System Concept permits hybrid application and adaptable to standardization
and Modular Coordination.
• A building system permitting the use of several alternative components and assemblies.
• The compatibility of components and assemblies is assured by means of a dimensional and
tolerance system and joints.
• The system is open to free design and competition between suppliers.
• A method of organizing the building industry on a national and international level which takes
advantage of an open market for building components that fit together, geometrically and
functionally for a wide variety of building types.
• It allows high interchangeability of components from a variety of manufactures
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CHARACTERISTICS
Common sets of Standards – Maintenance/
coordination of dimensions rehabilitation
and joints problems reduced
Large scale
demand
Cooperation between
design, manufacturing
& building firm is More Flexible
necessary Interchangeability
& coordination
Combination of pre-design,
Complex management
custom designed components &
& coordination
traditional methods
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In the long run -
cheaper construction Longer life span
Improved cost
Predictability
Speed of construction
Improved Quality
Non dependence on unskilled
workers
Increased Efficiency
and Speed
Technology intensive production
methods
Significant changes to project
management including the need for Higher level of
off site management productivity
Prof. Madya Sr. Mafozah Murad Page 15
Close Building System Open Building System
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Types of IBS
TYPE • Precast Concrete Framing, Panel and Box system
1
TYPE • Reusable System Formwork
2
TYPE • Steel Framing System
3
TYPE • Prefabricated Timber framing Systems
4
TYPE • Blockwork System
5
TYPE • Innovative IBS
6
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Precast Framing System
The most common group of IBS products is the precast concrete elements –
precast concrete columns, beams, slabs and walls, “3-D” components (e.g.
balconies, staircases, toilets, lift chambers, refuse chambers), lightweight
precast concrete, as well as permanent concrete formworks.
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Reusable System Formwork
Considered as one of the “lowest-level” or the least prefabricated IBS, as they generally
involve site casting and are therefore subject to structural quality control, the products offer
high quality finishes, and fast construction with less site labour and material requirement
These include – tunnel forms, tilt-up systems, beams and columns moulding forms, and
permanent reusable (steel, aluminium, plastic) formworks.
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Steel Framing System
Commonly used with precast concrete slabs or metal decks steel framing systems which
comprise of steel columns and beams; have always been the popular choice and used extensively
in the fast-track construction of skyscrapers.
Recent development in this type of IBS includes the increased usage of light gauge steel framing
and light steel trusses consisting of cost-effective profiled cold-formed channels and steel portal
frame systems as alternatives to the heavier traditional hot-rolled sections.
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Timber Framing System
Among the products listed in this category is timber building frames and timber roof trusses.
Timber frame systems also have its own niche market; offering interesting designs from simple
dwelling units to buildings requiring high aesthetical values such as chalets and resorts.
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Blockwork System
The construction method of using conventional bricks has been revolutionised by the development
and usage of concrete masonry units (CMU) and lightweight concrete blocks.
The tedious and time-consuming traditional brick-laying tasks are greatly simplified by the usage of
these effective alternative solutions
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Innovative IBS
With the advancement of technology and innovations, besides the five main types; various
prefabricated materials have entered the market.
It includes Dry Wall System, Expanded Polystyrene System (EPS) Wall, gypsum, wood wool, polymer,
fiberglass, glass and aluminium-based IBS components.
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Benefits of IBS
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IBS Projects in Malaysia
Pekeliling Flat, Kuala Lumpur
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Daya Bumi
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KL Convention Centre KL Tower
KL Central LRT Station
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Petronas Twin Towers – Hybrid
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IBS Projects in Other Countries
Chrysler Building – Steel
Framing System
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Swiss RE, London – Steel Framing System
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Burj Khalifa, Dubai – Steel Framing System
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Bird’s Nest Stadium, Beijing
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