RIZAL MIDTERM REVIEWER This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Republic Act 1425, this course covers the life and works Approved: June 12, 1956
of the country's national hero, Jose Rizal. Among the
Published in the Official Gazette, Vol. 52, No. 6, p. 2971
topics covered the socio-political situation of the
in June 1956..
Philippines during his time and its implication to our
present time. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
Rizal Law, was passed to address "a need for re- ▪Peninsulares-Pure-blooded Spaniard born in the Iberian
dedication to the ideals of freedom and nationalism for Peninsula (i.e., Spain)
which our heroes lived and died."
▪Insulares-Pure-blooded Spaniard born in the Philippines
April 3, 1956, Senate Bill No.438 was filed by the Senate
Committee on Education. ▪Mestizo-Born of mixed parentage, a mestizo can be:

April 17, 1956, then Senate Committee on Education -Spanish mestizo—one parent is Spanish, the
Chair Jose P. Laurel sponsored the bill other is a native; or –
Main author, Claro M. Recto, and his allies in the Senate Chinese mestizo—one parent is Chinese, the
entered into a fierce battle arguing for the passage of SB other is a native
438. Debates started on April 23, 1956.
▪Principalia-Wealthy pure-blooded native supposedly
June 12, 1956, President Magsaysay signed the bill into
descended from the kadatoan class
law which became Republic Act No. 1425.
▪Indio-Pure-blooded native of the Philippines
In 1994, President Fidel V. Ramos ordered the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports to fully ▪Chino infiel---Non-Catholic pure-blooded Chinese
implement the law.
DR. JOSE PROTACIO MERCADO RIZAL Y ALONZO
REALONDA
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425
1. Doctor- completed his medical course in Spain
AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL
and was conferred the degree of Licentiate in
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND
Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid
UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS AND
WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS 2. Jose- was chosen by his mother who was a
NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph)
AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION
3. Protacio- from Gervacio P. which come from a
THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
Christian calendar
WHEREAS, 4. Mercado- adopted in 1731 by Domigo Lamco (the
1. there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of paternal great-great Grandfather of Jose Rizal) which
freedom and nationalism for which our heroes lived the Spanish term mercado means 'market' in English
and died;
2. we remember with special fondness and devotion 5. Rizal-from the word 'Ricial' in Spanish means a
their lives and works field where wheat, cut while still Green, sprouts
3. the life, works and writing of Jose Rizal are a again
constant and inspiring source of patriotism with 6. Alonzo- old surname of his mother
which the minds of the youth should be suffused;
4. all educational institutions are under the 7. Realonda- it was used by Doña Teodora from the
supervision of, and all schools are enjoined to surname of her godmother based on the culture by
develop moral character, personal discipline, civic that time
conscience and to teach the duties of citizenship
 JOSE RIZAL MARTYRDOM OF GOM-BUR-ZA
Date of birth: June 19, 1861, moonlit of Wednesday On the night of January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipino
between eleven and midnight, born in the lakeshore soldiers and workmen of the Cavite arsenal under the
town of Calamba, Laguna. leadership of Lamandrid, Filipino sergeant, rose in violent
Baptism: June 22, 1861- in the Catholic Church.
mutiny because of the abolition of their usual privileges,
Father Rufino Collantes- a Batangueño, the parish including exemption from tribute to polo (forced labor)
priest who baptized Rizal by the reactionary Governor Rafael de Izquierdo.
Unfortunately, this Cavite Mutiny was suppressed two
Father Pedro Casanas-Rizal's godfather, native of
days later by troop reinforcements from Manila. The
Calamba and close friend of the Rizal family
Spanish authorities, in order to liquidate Fathers Mariano
Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery- the governor Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, leaders of
general of the Philippines when Rizal was born. secular movement to Filipinize the Philippine parishes,
Researchers revealed that the Mercado-Rizal family and their supporters (Jose Ma.Basa, Attorneys Joaquin
had also traces of Japanese, Spanish, Malay and Even Pardo de Tavera and Antonio Ma. Regidor, etc.) magnified
Negrito blood aside from Chinese. Jose Rizal came the failed mutiny into a "revolt" for Philippine
from a 13-member family consisting of his parents, Independence.
Francisco Mercado II and Teodora Alonso Realonda,
and nine sisters and one brother. Accordingly, Gom-Bur-Za despite the archbishop's plea
for clemency because of their innocence, were executed
at sunrise, February 17, 1872, by order of Gov Gen.
In 1876, when he was 15 years old and was a student in
Izquierdo. Their martyrdom was deeply mourned by Rizal
Ateneo, he remembered his beloved town. Accordingly,
family and many other patriotic families in the
he wrote a poem Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In
Philippines. Paciano, enraged by the execution of Burgos,
Memory of My Town).
his beloved friend, teacher, and housemate, quit his
1. Francisco Mercado (1818-1898) - Father of Jose Rizal studies at the College of San Jose and returned to
Rizal affectionately called him "a model of fathers" Calamba, where he told the heroic story of Burgos to his
younger brother, Jose, who was then nearly eleven years
2. Teodora Alonso (1827-1911) - Mother of Jose Rizal
old.
1.1. SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913)
INJUSTICE TO HERO'S MOTHER
1.2. PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930) - Only brother of Jose
She accused her husband of poisoning her and charged
Rizal Immortalized him in Rizal's first novel Noli Me
that my mother was an accomplice. On this charge, the
Tangere as the wise Pilosopo Tasio
alcalde sent my mother to prison.
1.3. NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939)

1.4. OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887)

SCHOLASTIC TRIUMPHS AT ATENEO DE MANILA(1872-
1.5. LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919) 1877)

1.6. MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945) Jose was sent to Manila four months after the martyrdom
of Gom-Bur-Za and with Dona Teodora still in prison. He
1.7. JOSÉ RIZAL (1861- 1939) studied in the
1.8. CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865) – Concha. Died at Ateneo Municipal - a college under the supervision of the
the age of 3. "When I was four years old, I lost my little Spanish Jesuits. Ateneo Municipal, a bitter rival of the
sister Concha, and then for the first time I shed tears Dominican- owned College of San Juan de Letran
caused by love and grief." formerly the Escuela Pia (Charity School)- for poor boys
1.9. JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945) in Manila established in 1817,

1.10. TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-195) In 1859- name was changed to Ateneo Municipal by the
Jesuits and later became the Ateneo de Manila.
1.11. SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929)
 INDIOS BRAVOS – A name used by Filipino expatriates to
refer to themselves during the Paris Exposition of 1889.

1. SPOLARIUM – Luna’s painting which provided

Rizal the inspiration to write a novel redeeming
the Filipinos from repression and bondage.
2. UNCLE’s TOM’s CABIN by HARRIET BEECHER
STOWE – Another source of idea for writing a
novel about the Philippines. Portrayed the
brutalities committed by American slave-owners
against their Negro slaves.
3. THE WANDERING DEW by EUGENE SUE – Third
source of idea for a novel.

FRIARS – The enemy of progress and reforms in the

Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration), 1874- the Philippines according to Rizal’s Noli
first poem Rizal probably wrote during his days in Ateneo
which was dedicated to his mother on her birthday; Rizal NINAY – The first Filipino novel, which focused on Filipino
wrote it before he was 14 years old customs and traditions.

POR TELEFONO – A satirical essay written by Rizal

NOLI ME TANGERE PUBLISHED IN BERLIN (1887) MAXIMO VIOLA – Considered the Savior of the Noli due
to the financial assistance he gave Rizal for printing his
The bleak winter of 1886 in Berlin was Rizal's darkest novel.
winter because no money arrived from Calamba and he
was flat broke. The diamond ring which his sister, TRAVELS IN THE PHILIPPINES – A book written by Dr.
Saturnina, gave him was in the pawnshop. It was Jagor, which predicted the collapse of Spanish rule in the
memorable in the life of Rizal for two reasons Philippines.

(1) It was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick and MADRID – The place where Rizal completed one half of
despondent in a strange city Noli Me Tangere

(2) It brought him great joy after enduring so much MARCH 21, 1887 – The complete date when the novel
sufferings, because his first novel, Noli Me Tangere came Noli Me Tangere came off the press
off the press in March, 1887. TIERRA EXTRANJERA – The term used by Rizal to refer to
Spain in his first nationalistic essay.
➢Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin- inspired
Dr. Rizal to prepare a novel that would depict the miseries
of his people under the lash of Spanish tyrants

➢In Berlin during the winter days of February, 1886, Rizal

made the final revisions on the manuscript of the Noli.