N1C.
Forces and Motion
Relation: Force, mass & acceleration
(F=ma)
Relation between f & a
Relation between m & a
Safe stopping distance
Reaction time
Thinking distance
Braking distance
Factors that affect safe stopping distance
Factors that affect thinking distance
Factors that affect thinking distance
Free falling object/parachutist
Relation: Force, mass & acceleration
Relation between f & a
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied on it
The higher the mass the higher the acceleration
a ∝f
Relationship:
a increase with f linearly pattern
Pattern:
Positively correlated
Linear
Relationship Between m & a
The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the mass of it
The higher the mass, the lower the acceleration
a
1
∝
m
Relationship:
a decrease with m non linearly
Pattern:
Negatively Correlated
Non-Linear
Combining I & ii
a=
F
m
F = ma (Newton 2nd Law)
Math
Q. If 500N force is applied to a bicycle with mass of 15kg. Calculate the acceleration of it.
=
Here,
Force = 500N
m = 15kg
a =?
F = ma
a=
F
m
=
500
15
= 33.33
Q. Calculate the force required an object of 800g by 15m/s2
=
F = ma
=
800
x 15
1000
= 12N
Safe Stopping Distance
Reaction time
Time taken after seeing to brake is reaction time
Reaction distance
Distance travelled in reaction time or distance travelled while the driver thinks to brake
Braking distance
Distance travelled by the car after braking to stop
Safe stopping distance
Sum of thinking distance and braking distance is called safe stopping distance
Factors that affect safe stopping distance
Factors that affect thinking
Visibility of the driver
Age of the driver
Alcohol / drunk
Tiredness of the driver
Speed of the car
Factors that
Factors that affect braking distance
Speed of the car
Mass of the car
Braking system
Tire condition
Road condition
Free falling distance
A
While parachutist starts to fall freely from rest
The drag force is O as the speed of zero
It accelerates uniformly due to gravity
B
As velocity increases drag force increases
Unbalanced force decreases
Parachutist moves with decreasing acceleration
C
Drag force equal to the weight of parachutist
Unbalanced force will be zero
So, no acceleration acts
So, he moves with constant velocity /Thermal velocity
D
Drag force increases drastically to be larger than weight
Higher unbalanced force acts on him upwards
He decreases
E
As velocity decreases, drag force decreases
Unbalanced force deceases
So, he moves with decreasing deceleration
D = Drag force
W = Weight
F = Unbalanced force
Graph Diagram Unbalanced force Motion
A F=w–D Constant acceleration
=w–D G = 10m/s
=w
= mg
B As V increases D ↓F = ma
increases Decreasing acceleration
↓F = W – D
C D=W As F = O, a = 0
F=W–D Constant velocity
=W–W Terminal velocity
=0
D D >>W Constant deceleration
F=D–W
E As velocity decreases D Decreasing deceleration
decreases
↑F = D - W
F D=W As F = 0, a = 0
F=D–W Constant Velocity
=0 Lower Terminal velocity
Set Question:
1. A ball is dropped from a very large height
The graph shows how the velocity of the ball changes until just before it hits the ground
Explain why the velocity of the ball changes in this way
Refer to ideas about forces in your answer.
Ans:
When the ball falls, the downward force of its weight causes it to accelerate
As speed increases, drag force increases
When the upward force is equal to the downward force, the force is balanced
This means there is no resultant force, so no acceleration
Therefore, the object will be travelling at constant speed
