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30 views21 pagesCorrelation
Practice Questions
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© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 21
1 CONCEPT AND DEFINITION OF CORRELATION
jal methods so far studied in this book focus on the
js of one yariable or one statistical series only. In real life
gvever, two or MOTE than two statistical series may be found to
semutually related. For instance, change in price leads to change
a quantity demanded. Increase in supply of money causes
zerease in price level. Increase in level of employment results in
“acrease in output. Such situations necessitate simultaneous study
«ftwo or more statistical series, The focus of study in such
snations is on the degree_of relationship between different
‘sical series. The statistical technique that studies the degree
cfsuch relationships is called the technique of correlation.
Definition
‘ccording to Croxton and Cowden, “When the relationship is of «
Saniitative nature, the appropriate statistical tool for discovering and
vouring the relationship and expressing it in a brief formula is known
“correlation.”
In the w
"the words of Boddington, “Whenever some definite connection
1, tween the two or more groups, classes or serves OF data there is said
“le correlation,” >
Relationship between Two Variables may just be
isa cee” find a relationship between two variables which st coe
Parture of m tuary, you may fi
Country ligratory birds from a sanc! /
«tt Such relationships are meaningless. These are other words,
See clusion. Such hips are not
Or f any meanin ision. Such relationships
hy those re ingful conch sans
‘fer some meaning
is a relationship thal
aningful relat
ye of marks in mat!
Cieieccncned
| mathiod
dierent va
between pn
demand
a Coincidence
idence. Example
ind a fall in wedding cereme!
spurious relat
to be treated as
when there
snies in the
which
ionshi
ful conclusions.
jonship; Good
hnematics: an
265 Positive and Negative Correlation a-tinear Correlation
Correlation between differen varahy., 908 NOT neat oF non-linear.
esse Here a brie design a Sle on 8)
0) Positive Correlation " i caret? ina constant pro, i
then tw are mein the samedi gy, iSeaaieteo cool dan tne tl
cicada, armed Fier on SP FC a
cn peg elation isclled pon Seats | ip Mi gragught ine, Thus. ner cncaug n 2
Seen Be = >
example. Check the following table ma ‘ute
8 an illustration a, i lation
‘Table 1. Positive Correlation between the yng ine
if inaey consantproption, =
nde aid wo be non-linear Such arcing ee
weep ac Beno re es
ste
sai. Linear Correlation
Saar
Sameer nae ne
ry
ery change in variable (a) by 2 units thereisach
rs orev
irae (b) by 5 units.
Non-linear Correlation
ra 6 s [uel
‘ugh both tend to change in the same direction. Thats, both
‘ineresing, but not in any constant proportion
(2) Negative Correiation
(When wovarableschangein diferent irecions tsa oy
correlation. Relationship between price and degen eae
asan example. The following table demonsiratcr i ene
‘Table 2. Negative Correlation between the Vrahe
[oS cSnk SSeS eee
Smple and Multiple Correlation
Sipe Cotelation
‘imple correlation implies the study of relationship berween
2 Bales only. 1 beeen price and demand. woemoni
het does comeaton eau? aoa | SRL the relationship rade eae
{end to beleve that corlation svagest a relations between 6 ip between money su aes
other Example: Ths 1s cor vanes, | Mtb Conelation omen!
5a decrease io quart ones, meee
‘olty Cleary an increase n price causes 8 verre
Nh three variables eau nt?
Soames aon er B20 oy pea, | eaten among or more hen Ne Saco
recaronshp between he arate 3 en 2 eh egaegulaneousty iis called mulip dependent
conan. Of Sag ton, the entire set of independent and depen
any cause and eff
oF vale i oF ira tee J gt aneously. studied. For isc, eS
ve good novaceics maybe 220M OTa ete Yeh Mare ater me on er etre Prod
Is who are good in academics. ooee 0 cH “Haneously studied, coer 961 2, DEGREE OF CORRELATION
canbe te Following depees ea ee
¢ OF ESTIMATING CORRELATION
re available fOr estimating correlation betyeey
5 ate acres, Some of the importan,
(<0 ical portant ones are ==
ites 4
Lol
Correlation sa aumercal oe
(1) Perfect Correlation: When in
peepee = When to variables o 7
sees proportio ct correla age ef mv Method,
Dandie ooer ae ou 987 gered DnB ticient of Correlation, and
mmovraes ne &) Perect Positive: Correlation is ere mB 0 pearonts OP i ee
Presence of excelason proportional change int ey posi gon AE unk Correlation Cocllicien
Ghouldnotbs en 20 8 0 variables i, este uy alls
Should not beaten di Inv this case, coefficient of O but < 1). The degice of crting
‘eicencasuscaty | between Oand | may be rated as
‘GreatanGeaween (i) High: When correlation of two series is close to one it
eine called high degree of correlation. Its coefcient es hs
ose nro cers re 0.75 and 1
wroguanence (Gi) Moderate: When correlation of two series is nether ie
Tracoveuton ers nor small, itis called moderate degree of coreaion. Is
ena coefficient lies between 0.25 and 0.75.
Low: When the degree of correlation of two series is
it jon, Its coef!
min elf small, itis called low degree of correlation. Is
mrowiesgeponavvnats lies between 0 and 0.25. .
ae anoana All these degrees of correlations may be postive 0 ""
extrsne can be Degree of Correlation
Graph: Seattered Diagram
lids aE
Srowsup auess matte
poouswersotpavens” Gj
‘Source haps.
sccce | a
tegen? eet a
See igh [Weiecer FO 7H a
iota nce [etme as od
care ee eee
BGB stones lor feonomics Merits and Demerts of Scatered Dg case af mite PsN cme bee
‘ram isa oe caght line,
his any straight
Merits otc aE
(0 Scattered diagram is a yen “ Ces it
(i Justa glance a the diagram isan
ofthe variables have ang re ore
(iii) Scattered diagram also indicates w
positive or negaiee
Es bets
aohp between X and Y Urough steed dapag
a aoa Se
;
Demerits
{) A scatered diagram dges nor meg tape, Dra cane rate ly edgy ay
correlation, | e'” AR€S not measure the preci iy ald of
SD kaon fe Je eationship (closeness) between pre nd quent sl fone
enti
0) Ie gives only an approximate idea of the *elatio
(id Teis nota quantitative measure of the relations
CHuRDIS. Tis only a qualitative expressing the quanta’ person's Coefficient of Correlation
change. ee anreiagam method of correlation merely incaey the
th jmrim of correlation but not its precise magnitude, Kind
lustation, dion o
aw is geen ot quantitative method of calculating easeaton, 1
ead ond adel) toed lbed of Sing svn ot
teeta ef coche parla
The following table gives height and weight of the student
a class. Make a scattered diagram to show if she relationsip
postive or negative and if the relationship is strong os nea
RMU
‘eudingo Karl Pearson's method, the coellicient of correlation
sonsured as
180 [50 Tiss [ies [ts [am [ie ps
[ss [5 [os | | Loto
Solution:
ee,
“SCATTERED DIAGRAM
Coefficient of correlation.
4 skLX
-) YY.
~K = Standard deviation of X series.
*: = Standard deviation of ¥ series
N= Nuraber of ob .
Ney of observation: eee
“ed gut applied only to those series where de not appl Aairasasnctc
" From actual average of the series, it toes
tage the basis o
‘ei mats Where deviations are calculated on eaiulated Seams
nesta ale of the coefficient heey ele
tees neti formula may vary bet Sfyare rather
"“Generutt@ations, when r= +1, or
Mh. value of" varies between +1 and
is pose
shows that there & Pte
Aglance at the above diagram shows that Mer Ie
relationship between height and weight of I Tj wri
dots are moving upward in a particu
It shows that with the increase inh A Modified Version of Kat! Pearson's F
‘ormu
In it there is no need to calculate st _
“Y”. Coefficient of correlation
the following formula: ee
Here, x = Ry =v
Iusteation.
Calculate coefficient of correlation,
+ BIEN the following dy
aera lata
= a
Ey Deviation:
xX)
=a 5
Pty
The table shows that, Exy = 58, Ex* = 28, Ly’ = 130.
ation
ist
het
oe
1 eqafient oF OFFLION between the age
eT
am
)
cemen Ty
rene) re
Cir
esi
B
%
®
af 26 | oye et
yy = 191, Bx? = 208, By? = 178
Ixy
EP Ey?
191
(208x178
191
191
998
192.42
Substituting the values, we get thew of
ay en Corretation (2) = 0.993
58 58 88, = 40.96 ihe ;
J8130 ~ 73,640 — 60.33 otha igh degree of positive correlation between the
: : wife,
Coefficient of Correlation (1) = 40.96
Iisa situation of
sh positive correlat
372
Stoistcs for Econcrmis
soo 18
7 Short-cut Method
This method is used when mean y
nn
ralue ion ae Pa
but in fractions. In this method, devises NU Whoye pec Reta
the assumed mean of both the serie Wine yeu , es
steps volves 2 ie
: Fos
(i) Any convenient value in X and ¥ seri 2
mean Ax and Ay. eS stem a
(i) Wi he hep of assumed mea obo ih = at
of the values of individual variabl if StHes dey Bax = 215,
(¥ — Ay) are calculated, “te OC ae (ab 2
cone d x) x (Bd
Gi) Sx andl Edy are found by adling the devitio eae i
(iv) Deviations of the two series are multiplied. sy 2 ee
‘multiples added up to obtain Sandy andy Ga? dye ai
dy he Edx xf ay?
(©) Squares of the deviations dx? and dy? are
out Edx" and Edy", added up wf
(vi) Finally, coefficient of correlation is calcula
following formula:
FORMULA
- (Zax xZay)
Edady
» Ee » dy
y Eds? xy Bayt
Deviation of X series from the assumed mean = (X-A.
(ay
Deviation of ¥ series from the assumed mean =
Zdxdy = Sum of the multiple of dx and dy.
dx’ = Sum of square of dx.
Edy" = Sum of square of dy.
Bdx = Sum of deviation of X series.
Zdy = Sum of deviation of ¥ series.
N = Total number of
Ilustration,
. lal wee rice and at
Jation between the P
Ee
Calculate coefficient of corr
suppl
a
ee
6
10 15
fed using the
Nasxio)
oe
3)
213- 5
eee 205E | bal
= ais — 33.80 x x a %
205
~ ¥79.20 x 250
_205__
~ 311.70
= +097
Uncen of Correlation (r) = + 0.97.
‘Tsisasiuation of a high degree of positive correlation
aT
Ss-devation Method
“enethod involves the following steps:
‘ep Step-1 and Step-2 of the short-cut method
"Now Si
rie ‘dy’ some common factor
~ a ere Cs yn factor ioe ores
Gays Cy here C; is commer
ae
is ind
cs s common factor for series ¥. And dx’ and
iy ition,
ay ms
ty Edy’ are found by adding the deviatio
ations of x yal
nd
She mayo the two series are multiplied, 3s x
“Nples added up to obtain Eds’ dy’ a 15
20
(9) Squares of the deviations dg’?
out Sdx"? and Day"
(vi) Finally, coefficient
following formula:
FORMULA h
Mustration,
Calculate coefficient of correl
Gatesiate tom beeen th Pricey
ey
3 im Bay
30 35 0 [Ty
Solution:
= ere
Cale 0
ar
“1
“
Biv)
Bax™ = 10
Day’
(Zdx’) x Edy’)
Zdx'dy’= W
= So a
N
a o
10-2 x
=10
* Tid x Vi0~
Coefficient of Correlation (r
“This is a situation of a perfectly new
price and quantity demanded.
i
correlation Coefficient
of
Fite ig, Weis @ PUTE mumber 1, pep,
1s 9k pats of nits of
Agate ye oF INGEN Aver en agi,
{reine wo variables move in the same die
gore the WY riables are uncorrelated Tha
os eo are unc here non
ect feren tem HOWENEE er Ypet i
A i
eve 1 the correlation is perfect on
eee
Proportionate
2100 Fe indicates strong linear r
pf ejpradoe ofniates strong linear relations
he of the correlation coefficient tes be
ween
Hye al je,-1 S054 Lif a
as OnE, Le - the vale ofr
coe and it indicates error in calculation, :
Piet foedie aad ented
Pe re ae ct i el Po
fpamiea? 2 | 8 | 2 [a] = pw late
few [18 | 20 [= | wo |e] wpe tw
(Ans. = +0994)
ait Karl Pearson's coefficient of corelation, between the age and weigh of cl,
cc) 7 2 3 7 3
(Weigh Og) 3 4 6 7 0
(r= +08)
oe coefficient of correlation, using Karl Pearson's formals based on actual msn of
ss gen belo
Year None teens |
wpceaas | Seat
2015 00 13
2016 se ws
2017 lot Mo
2018 i. mo |
2019 os. S |
2020 :
Roa 103
2022 4 ‘Spearman's Rank Correlation Coettici
In 1904, Charles Edward §; ea
calculate coeMicient ol Tea develo
Fe are some aration oA oat
terms, Their relative merit can be levered ot 3
order of preference or ranking, For mano basi
of preference. Similariy, the selection commana. eit ode
intact ean rrp el
fae su ane in our day-to-day life, experi
tn Ce tH Seam Rk,
FORMULA
38 qualitative ek
ea, bravery, able,
sn
Here,
D = Rank differences,
N= Number of pairs.
We shall study the calculation of rank correlation in tree
different situations:
(i) When Ranks are given;
Gi) When Ranks are not given:
(iii) When the values of the series are tl
0.6.
ion (ny)
xs nguive coecient of rank corcation 1 the ns “o
shichis fairly high. High negative correlation suggess
and
xf judgements are fairly opposite vo each thet
he same,
lation of Rank Correlation
Following illustration ex| Jains the calcul:
8 p {ct Rank Coreation when Ranks ae not =n
Coefficient of Rank Correlation when Ranks are given saat’ only data are given and not the ranks, In such
vad me are to be accorded by the: student himsell ee
maa ce tiniest ANks, uniform procedure should adopted
two judges accord ‘hms For example, if the highest rank is acordel 0
SOfSale inne series, the sae must be done SS
In a fancy-dress competition,
ranks to the 10 participants:
ties as well,
a lustration.
{na Poetry Recitation Competition
(loving marks by two dere ee
is
EL ie
:
1
Calculate the coefficient of rank corvelau
a
n
Solution:
There are 10 items each in th
may accord, the highest rank, ie,
series, ie., 18 in series X and 15 in
rank, i, Ito the lowest value
X and 2 in series Y.
sei
pay
Xand
1e two seri
ies in this
10 to highest valu
Y,and
ftem in each seri
Ns wey
Tera
uestion
tem
Accord the a
1. Me
Le Vinge
ation when Ranks are Equal
corel
Rar" more items iN hE SETICS have gaat
0 Fe of the tWO rams (say 7 Sap Sh
ae eee ey 78 f the
ach valu me i ikely
n order to avoid qh, «
gg formula is used for the
Jation in such situations
ollowint
fink correl
3 1 ind
np = m4) + Fy (:
mm) 4.)
Nv-
N
nber of items of equal ranks,
quer of inems OT GS
cient of rank correlation between the matks in
ics, as indicated by 8 answer books ofeach
2s
2
2
i
0
5
6
18
im]
ra
fue ae 8 answer books each in Economics and Satis
sing diferent marks. Rank 1 is accorded to the highest cre
sa two answer books indicate 10-marks each, Hence, the
sr bok has been given Rank 8 and the second 7. Thus the
srgeank = 847 = 7.5 has been accorded to both. Likewise,in
6ED*
NU-N
6x86
(10)? =10
0.48
Coetfcient of Rank Correlation (7) = 048. |
‘Thus, there is a positive rank correlation
of 0.48.
‘a moderate Jee
conis vo answer books indicate 12 marks each, The average
at=°45 = 5.5 has, therefore, been accorded to both
Calculation of Coefficient of Rank Correlation
en
es = 1-136 =_0.36
oeflcent of Rank Correlation (r,)
0.36.
Merits end Demerts of Rank Correlation
Merits
©) Spearman's rank cory
‘method of correlatio
relation method is easier than Pearson's
TY convenient method when
he series give ony ference and not the actual
(i) Rank correlation ig a uPerior method of analysis in case
ei ualtative distribuig MS stich as those relating to vi
wisdom oF igor
Demerits
ire,
ance:
© Rank correlation case of group
equency distr a
© Ian handle onty
pony a limited umber of obs¢
SERRE nar ge F
exceeds 29,1 WEE When the number
method
cannot be used
ions,
s. Ibs
of observation
py doing
BI esined fillowing rans nthe nahenag ad tin
Ee cleat oat related in thee
tet Be ra pee
ge PER EER
nt ofrank corto, si ef
catia comin of nin aie the fo
,
ng dataset
20 i ears 65 3
6 es 26 35 8
IMPORTANCE OR SIGNIFICANCE
k OF CORRELATION
lowing observations Bighlight the importance ot sgsican’s
stcorrlation asa statistieal mother
“oncepts in economic theory,
the concept of elasticity of des
@) Cause and Effect Relati
sometimes su
such as, the law of demand and
‘mand,
# Correlation analysis facilitates business
decisions because the trend ath of one variable may
Suggest the expected changes in the other, Accordingly, the
businessman, may plan his business decisions for the future,
a) Policy Formulation: Correlation analysis also helps policy
5 RUTaOR. TT THE Government finds 2 negative —
between fax rate and tax collection, it should pursue:
Policy of low tax rate Because, low tax rate would lead to
"gh tax collection
to bec OY Fa cg
L F
Miscellaneous Ilustrationg
snustraton 1.
From the following data, compute the Coefficient of
between X and Y series:
Reema Po
ec ica seo
coors aeomee
‘summation of product of deviations of X and Ys, i
Cries fro
respective arithmetic mean = 41 hey
Solution:
Weare given: i
350, Y= 138, Ex? = 19, Ey? = 94, Exy = 4)
Zxy
VENXE
Substituting the values, we get
4 41
eee alae i
"* Vloxo4 ~ 7,786 ~ 42.267
Coefficient of Correlation (r) = + 0.97,
AMustration 2.
From the following table, calculate the coefficient of correlation
by Karl Pearson’s method:
6 2 10 4
9 im 7 8
Arithmetic means of X and Y series are 6 and 8 respectively.
Solution:
‘et us first find the missing value of ¥ and let us denote tb}
ZY _Q+ll+at+8+7 _ 3540
find the coefficient of correlation
som ©" Calculation of Coefficient of Correlation
aa
Serer
Se aane
c
ooo
°° eexdye
‘The table shows that Exy = ~ 26, Ix"
substituting the values, we get
ee)
* Ya0%30
-26 _ -26
© {800 ~ 28.28
=~ 0.92
Coefficient of Correlation (r) = - 0.92.
stration 3,
From the data given below, find the number of items (N}:
1505, Exy =120, Standard Deviation of ¥(o,)= 8, Ex'= 90
where, x and y are deviations from arithmetic mean.
Soltion:
Given: r = 0.5, Exy = 120, Ex? = 90,6, =
when y = YY (Formula of Standard Deviation) both sides, we get
squrrns bv
“ .
Xow re
= ase
7 LOUNGIN
Squaring both sides
UI 20y
DON GIN,
Lane
- 5740S
Las. T6UN = 10H
L440) N = 14cn
N= =
a means are not whole numbers, we take 16 ag
he ac
the fan for X and 42 as assumed mean for ¥.
gc the a
97.882 x Ey? = 2116
Ey = 76.03
Value of Ey? = 76.03,
Imustration 6.
Two ladies were asked to rank 10 different types 1
ell Bong
‘The ranks given by them are given below,
aT oT epee Tr pepy
ifets Tots tops
Cheb a et ty
Caleulate Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient,
Solution:
Caleulation of Rank Correlation Coefficient
Rank Pa
Here, N = 10; ED? = 199
Substituting the values, we get
6x10
“10°10
_ 600
1,000-10
600
~ 990
= 1-0.606
= 0.394
jent of Rank Correlation (%,) = 9.394
oelic
7.
ee ent of correlation by me
culate coeicient of correation by means of ranking metho,
ae ee following data
60 | oo 0 [a Te
160 [170 [130 a0
|
so_[ 120,
Solation:
Calculation of Rank Correlation Coefficient
225
wets
[=o
fern
In this question in X series, the values 60 and 50 ate repeated
Oi afd te Te i as eet
£5 *8) wile forthe value 50 iti. (6 +7 #2) In both the
ses, the correlation factor will be 75(9"=3) and y@—2
"spectively. In series ¥, the 190 is repeated twice. The average
Tank forthe value 190 is 5.5 (5 + 6 + 2) In this ase correlation
factor will be $ (2-2),
Lin?
jpimi-™)
Loa
of=pt+ qpimn-m) +7giot-mt
coroner 989
gf Fd digitalis ai oT
yale @-8 TI = 84 oso
97.16 =
ent oF Conrenation (
oa one beoye
: ofas+ heo+pO+796)| Po
sie Sid-8 a oe ,.
jon gicient of correlation from
6 4s+2+4+5) wre concent OF lation from the following data
504
0.871 = 0429
Coefcient of Rank Correlation (n,) = 0
iusrtion 8
Calculate the coefficient of correlation using Kar
1 Karl Pearson,
formula of the series given below:
Calculation of Coefficient of Correlation
(0.0625)(450)N- 1,025,
> (28.125)N = 2,025
= 2,025
28.125
Number of ftems.
tMustation 13.
‘The ranks of 8 same students in tests i
were as follows:
Mathematics an
t[2 [3
at2[e fess
Calculate the coelficient of rank correlation,
Solution:
Rank ca
ee Statistics
ao (Ry)
i? = 40
28:50
e alues. we get
1 ng the
ne
He
ssi
= DAS = 052
gent of Rank Correlation (4) = 052
reflcient 0
©
nit
sation ;
oat tite coefficient of rank correlation betweew X and ¥
sein series ¥.
ed ti
Here numbers 30, 50 and 70 are repeated
Therefore, m Gf19.5-40.5 40.5 40.5]
504
620 126
= nod 1 504
1-0.25 = 0.75
Coellicient of Rank Gor relation (ry) = 0.75
Mlustration 15.
The rank correlation coefficient between marks obtained py
10 students in English and Statistics was found to be 0.5. Find the
sum of squares of difference of ranks.
Solution:
Given: r = 0.5, N = 10
Now, | onde
N°-N
6ED?
N°-N
GED?
10°10
os
1,000-10 =
expt _
900° 7 03
. 6ED? = 0.5 x 990
= 6zD? = 495
> zp? = 495
6
2 ID? = 82.5
Sum of Squares of Difference of Ranks = 82
396 Statistics for Economics Essential Practicals
+ ?
1. Make a scattered diagram of the data given below, Does any relationship exist between the two
BS 4 5 6 U 8 9 10 IL 12 13 | 14 |
2
Me 78 i 66 60 54 48 42 36 30 24 18
2. Calculate coefficient of aon of the age
of a and wife using Karl Pearson’s =
3 5 3
Ls RCuICee ts) 27 | 28 30 31 33 35 -
Wife (Age) 20 | 29 = 27 | 299 | 27 | 29 | 28
(Ans. r=+084
3. Calculate correlation of the following data using Karl Person’s method: T4150
a Ms {| 108 | ia [145 [150 [ 119 [ 125 = ial
190 | 214 | 187 | a70 [azo | 210 | 190 | | 08
(Ans. Ce {te
, Bl
4. Using assumed average in Karl Pearson’s formula, calculate coefficient of correlation
following data: él
78 89 | or 69 59 7a | 8%
125 | 137_[ 156 12 107 106_| 18g
(ans. =
404 Statistics for Economics
Y | 40
50
60,
10
70 | 80 | 90 | io
I4 | 20 | 99 T 30 |
idents of a class secured following marks in Economics and History, Calcul:
(Ans. r= + 0.96)
6 son ‘with the help of these data, late coefficient of
« 66 90 89 5B 58 “ a
38 76 65 58 53 my fe
(Ans. r, = +0.79)
« gndcut rank difference correlation of X and ¥,
a2 80 \ 78 5 75 58 67 60 39
12 3 | 4 14 4 ie ie fi
(Ans. ty == 0.714)
6, Calaulate coefficient of correlation of the following data with rank difference and Karl Pearson’s methods:
Economies (Marks) 54
27
52
14
35
90
25 | 56 | 60
Tae iven cS} 58
60
46
50
40
35
56 | 44 | 42
8. Seven methods of teaching Economics in two ul
correlation.
(Ans, 1 =-0.703, r
iniversities are shown below. Calculate rank difference
= 0.69)
Acces
LenS aerate
Lena Cen
Give three examples of perfect correlation. Find out rank difference coefficient of correlation with
the help of the following data
1 UL m1 IV Vv VI VIL
2 1 5 3 4 7 6
1 3 2 4 7 6 |
(Ans. 4 = +0.5)
48 33 40 16 65 26 15 57
13 1B 22 6 4 20 9 6 15
‘i (Ans. 1, = + 0.758)
pula coefficient of correlation of the following data:
10 a 9 10 12 13 ul 9
a A a 9 i 13 8
Devi
ton of two series X and Y are shown. Calculate
coefficient of correlation.
(ns. r= + 0.90)
+5 | 4 [ -2 [+20 | -10 o | +8 oj 1 a
+5 [mae | -7 | +25 | -10 | -3 oj] +2 | 8 1-%
(ans. r= +089) 13. Ina baby competition, two judges accorded following ranks to 12 competitors. Find the cog
of rank correlation.
Gora aly dael Eas aad (ase. dtnd [ae
